I 77e- 91 SP,@eed, th'e @offici64ey @f this@ si I 119 uhit would, ollough-to permit its remo @dl upward thro gh Probabiybe4@'o'or57@@lb'w.' 'thaii@thecoi]ithethro@tof v 6r u bihed@ effidi6ncy 6f @thle t t he upper turbine *it wo rianners. Or houtrequg-@ th6 @ame effi6ie, if' ing the remo-val, of,a draft tiibe, r-i sl@oiild @ b d, Ithe ng. The ppf r' rulin er y@ a s s e p a r a t e @ c a s s t a v a n e s ed 64 set 'ih the 6o@orete out@@d'@@ @vOtild have to - bp- iiiateri'ally rediie h 5 P@ed@ e require U'' and th6@itinii6r dila 6th6@ @@rt@ e g-iiide b i n a d e e inuch Vdl 70 laiger the@ii cith,-r @of. fhe tWo runners shown. By, 1,iY inventioli a 14utt @ince wi@h a turbine of my,inventio@,.,o e @ ],,a ft tu@bino is - ,vliie @ve4ieal7 of t e runners wi:tl be at a hi@h6r elevat@io4 s -ei,eited 1, h w@ll ha@e @x cqnsid6ra bl3, great. er p6wer, @nd a t6 ' lo @tha 6ther a I .,fi I I I I t'@l or com nd usually. above 'tailwater biiied s Peci O- spe,@d t an it is le m iii h' ' ' . I ossibl6fo@@emany instahces, be cureby'a@in eruiineruiiderg I i@,eh c6iidit' t to Gn@ the reo-iii ions t la - tD @ @tion'of the flow of efficien6y tnd'security, again4 6@vitation. ruia er or runners@,'Ieaviiig. the In gene@althi s lin't will require for its 16wer u (?r: runners t6 have a c - I'u fi On nner a, rii s s lineir@ 6f Iiio-li6 b r@ - 0,1 c sp6ed than Figs. 5 -and, 6, for instan it u@per @unner and in some cases the. spe- 80 shaft ti4bihe sh6w , - ce, the vertical. cific speeds will be such that the low @r runn rece ives its flow thro ugh. ner will be of'a high Sp( entiance pass@,ge @VO @ed @r'o@61ler' 50 u@Plyiho-'@he Iiite in- while the upper,,.rtiiiner 75 type takds 51 will- be,. 6f'a 1OWer a-i@d 53,leadiilg tb u@pet'ruiin6r 52 s@ 2o ahd lower runn e6ific''@pe( @d Fi-aii@is or'mix6d-fl,6,w,'iype, as er' 54 which pa silown in Ss t-he flo t Fik. 9. T@ @c@o MLPI iSh this di in o, tho dr@@t ttibes @55,lih4,56 res@ebti,vely', fere 85 h - - , @ into the 6e nee in SPOC,fic @@e6d bet "disc qrging we@n@ t@6,- u f lit@al -draft chest '57 and IoNver and also pper rom whi'dh the -di' ii - I passes out@ advantaoes h I se arge fl6w' tb obt@,in,ftirt er c 6 one 6r both of ti thi6u,@h@oiiti,ei'pla@,"sagd 5,8 to t@.i le rimners hilt lwdter having pr6ferably the up@er r@hii@r, C" @e o@ 25 its level at,'t A pie@ 58k di@vide 3 p4ssage 58, ju8table blade type su6h as @hown in eith( it--@eili@@nOted t@@t in b6th@ runiiers @aiid @r of f)o ons erial N6@. 553 - th my 6opending applicati ' ' S eli openinos ate @ im'ilarl@ Off@et -with re- 204 alid 631,055 filed resp'ectively April 15 , "ttidih'dl ceiite@ Iii@@ of'the@ . 1922 and'Ap -14, 1928. :Th@ t" sp6et t6 ihe ril ) @Aven ion @ is 6ompi6te@assqg@,58.. thus no@ liniited to any partic-ular typ@ @f'r@4- 3o@ The lower rurmc@ir 54 is provided -@ith fix6d ier @nd it- is obvious that'n-i6r6 th" .,guide vanes 65 which serv6 at tlle same time -own in@Fi - n@rs may be used,'and as @h g. 9 gnd as stby -Vdiies' to E,,up@ori th6 u@erimposed othe rs tli6 flow to ti@e tunriers may b@ @i'4al po-werli.ouse,structi-ire, qiid,t@i ,iow,er ruimer vid-ually coiitroll@d as -me li@aly 4ny U@PA @ch' to th@@6for6 h@s no reo,,ul'atingbaeAn T-he low;- @ nis@n"sucl@als.wicket-gate@@,76. A'@id@,, @5 er- part'-of th@ tur'bine is,the@6fote bf very thefeaturet4at botliiii@n ers@nd@ hei.@-o @h- 10( sii@ple d6@nst@uctioil,,the -o@nl' y workiiig parts ings li@ on the longitudi'na'l centi-al:@i@@ ott'iie bei,lngtlie, runner aiid'bearing 67 below iheriincomplete outi@t 58 a.nd ar6 thepeb 'Synul@'o r' er, any meelianis mwhich will chIlY dispo@ ed wit y 1 1 r @ @ p e c t @ t h e i e t . " ' ' e t @ e : - require. 4ttentiol@ in this: @6@atively i pl@St6 4ac maining str@ eture o'f Fi- 9 locatign u is,sim'ilai th at @4o sibib shown in Fik. 5 iind thei@fore the co@r@@ @ iti,d@ io5 P O The, upper runner is provided with wickei ing parts a@eh . , g i v e n t e , s - a m e r e t e @ 4 e 4 d e - n i i n @ k.@t6s 63 wit'h 6@tsido. ope@aiiiio, haechanisr@i 60 ri be@s. Since lh6 actual spee4l of'all@ ' ' "' L m n e r s in'the tqrbine pit 68 Nhere @it@ iE;'ac6.e@@ble must be. the same to pern-.Lit their'being keyod T,Iii@,@init ther@for6 wo:uld be,capable of gov- ' @ the same shaft, th6 10-@6 tc :r @pepific sp!eqd 4,5 -rning fot lba4'e@an 'ges iip-to dbout a'thi@d'othe upper,runner nece@sar@jy @,pqtii f r@g,that lio of. the full capac,it of'the iinit@, which i@ it @hill ha@, el y e lgwer hors po@v.Or a,@id ost 'bases Would be,- @iiffi6i6iif t'6 @tak quan it' e @care' t, y of disch,%rge thaj)'the, 16,wer '94e of, the usti@al'lbtid,.flubiti@,ti6@s oceiii@iiiig@ dut@ Tho r@siilting @@r@biii@tioh@ piod@66@ A umt ing normal oper;ition.. BeloW i),bout t*o- whibli, is hi@he@@ iji th6 @bffecti@ 5o, thirds. loads, it.-v@,ili b p,' peed of the u nit@ than ea-'n be, - d pro, iiced eith@@r 6 y a si4giO i i-1) heAd.,o,@ites.:and shut r4n4e;r or by a iptilti-runner p4it hyvink iunth@fi,Ceiii,& taken up ne@@- of identfcd si'z'e 'and desip. tion, pr OPemng 1. In a. h I' dra@ ehest ovides@ a clear ydr4@u i'c ttirbin6 the.c.cyhbi@@ati qn 5 for,. ihe@ @of the lower runner 54 witli a sin-! h .,pitir-ality of,'ilinners 12o e s,,aft, of upwa,r(i by first remp@ing t@e upper bead h t ereon hav @ n g , d i f f e r e n t ' @ p @ . c i f i ' c , s j ) ' e e d @ a n d cov@r..7vo, -guiuiiiduee vanes 03, runn@r 52, lote chs- adapted for @imult@iieotis n@or,x4:al Qperi-ition r -t@l@iitor ring 69 and d@@f@,tub@ @ing 62. The 2 I 'a h. ul@@ t - 11, @4 @ yara. upbi ne..the 66rii@i@at@'6n' . shaft 60 is divided iiit@, a@'se'parate ,3@.eti6n for with 4 @ingl@ si@aft, of a, @iur'aii.ty of, eo eadh @unner @Q-T@ conveiii6n ce in h@ndliji ,the@ theroon at d@ 9 @fferent elei7atioiis an,d ha-ving@ dif- i c6ilpi@lik being ded with a' fer.,eiit s@ocifi'o@ speed ta4,6ol@@l provi @;7W4ii6@ sim@l @y nut guqrd @61' fo@i4ed t6 @uit t@!B hydr@-iilic, norn@d-liy opprAti@g.' h in some cages, the lowei,ru@n@ 54 co@l@ y i e r s 65 be, made@ in s6etion eii6@ @@6eti6n beiiy'g @small@ s a d 1 3 @

6 )acities and with,,,t,-haft,@@of,a plural.ity-of runners th having different power c al, f t al norinal @p6ed@ at all iiines. the. sanie ae p r u I '1119, 4.,Spe@@ne,, spe,( hydraLili@'t-Lirbii@e t]@e conibi@@tioD@ ners .iav hat:.the' @su'ul 13f its - static:,Ct@ o rlinners@ I - . of a PILlralit )ae-ity,such, t W'ith a single. sh@ft, @y - v, - VelOcItY ii6a@d reo,-aiiie t he @d pllis I, Ions spaced l@@,m @@ch othe@ @t, diff@rent ele @h6 lactor@ @q, qqyer,., said r aVIll -g different. (jr,@f@ fiib@ I oii said'shr@ff5 unners h h'- do s@ no cavitauion approac es but e e combina@tio n f eet. power, c@pacities., 6. li@ a,,h@d@aLilic jurbine th 13 I t I i t,,y @f riiii@ 15. n ahy Le the combin@tion. W'th a @in&16 sllaf I I @ di-@u le turbir e-: -,v@ith a 6-Y an uppe@r r.ii,ni@er of relttively., 10 Tlexs SpaceT f @oi@ e ifterent el ,Itch other ot d v a t - i o n s o n s a i d s h a f t , s a i d , r i i n @ p r s h a v i n o - p a c i t 3 7 a n d l o w e ; r Q i p e c i f i c @ p e e d ; l less. power cai d- a, I ' ' iuii he r. of - rel Lti @' e.I Y @ o-- rea ter dijfferiant power 6ap,%cities ,tn'd different@spe-, an ower s si -high!er @pecific@ @ific. peed po@wer. ilia r@i,,I@ii@eiy s@eed;'f,lie ea 6f@ s@id shalft b4ng @s@l6@,th,,tt 6'. E@ a hyd@au'lic, t-Lirbiiie t@6 i-,on@bination @-. -@ .,. pe e ch f ' I riii@ners the @um of- its. static ivitl@ a s@6@t of of riinn6rs the@e- f or- a 0 saic B(IL anupper,lrunn@r dr 7 head re n c,d in 'L ' oii at differelit 'e aft head plus the veloqit@, t l o c a l v t,hereo -a'vi-' el -t,Lib,e tfi6,factor-tq cover l s ecifi g tharl it@ di@@ft plus f h c, speed na10 -on appro ac,ies. b Lit, oes no,t ex@ @ed at,,t lo*er runne r ther cavi ati mbinati6n iiiosph@i-i@ @,rp@sur6;1 inus:iTap6j:'@pres@ureF of 'lia a,,hyjraulic tu@biiie the co a sh@ft, of a pr@lity -of rlinners tl, -7,a,f,er.' 2o, vith IL, iereon, it clil l@@atioii , an upper@ runner there- 16.,"Iii,a, hyd@aiiii6,,t-Li@bi@e' the-,co bln,a-@, 16i6ht e r t of halvif@g less dis6t ih,,i ionh sl-i@A, of" lo@ver rLiiRner. a ge,capaci,y n a o-w er ru@nii6t. i@ei@of driviiig said-shaft.@nd, diirijig npr-@@ 8. In-a; hydraiilic-t-urbii-ie the'combination inal ol@@ratio.@ the ftill peri)@iis@ible @peed- or,-: 25 i@ith 6f @, @l-hi@@ii.ty of there,- respoi'd@iig to its elevatio"n, and an upper run- p, o an upper rl:[nner' ner on @li@ft: a,b@ve-@sa,i.d III .said @lo wer . r iii'lo r on at'di er6 ht th'eieofliaviiig,alov@ersp!e@iifiespeedandless r,capae't''th@h'@,lo@verrufiiie@-t,hereof., pern@i,@z@ible'speed'66r,r-espoiiclin'gt@'it eleva,- OW(, i y on ti -o' 'I missi e sp@ea@,ben@,ident i I@'a hy-dta@lic.i@rbine, ilie,'66mbinati n sa,ic per 'bl L bt a @llirality 6f riinne ih@ low6@..ruiiner,.below-tailw,,tter,le'v'el. andp N@ith rs .30: @n I -@, -@ I -i66i@ ha-@ihg difrereiit "Inc ni@er a@(@@e.iaitwater le'v@e the spe eds T th.@. iip@e@ ru @d@@i@d for @iiii@ltaneous norm 1.7. In -a @ hydrau @e, @I atioli, 'i rbine, tl-ie -con i@l 6,Der 1, ibiiia,- ti-le .1o@ver @iinnei-:-b6ihg belo,,@ th,'ilwator@lev6l t,ion,With a. single vp-rtid,l@lly.dis@6sed shaft e uppe' gndlf@@ r ruiiner ab'ove- tai -v@@:iei leof a @i@ir@lit3@6f @@,.nn4s'.ih;reon-ha,-@in Ig,-ai@-, a@-hyl,drb',uili@ turbiii6 the . co@nbiiia tio@ - fer eiit@@pecific o@'e@.@f s,%Id r@inners at ioe With i@ single shaft, of a 16-N,-v@r rLiD-ner drii7in a 16wer el-.@@iion havir,@;,noii--,,tdi@@tab guid oper' fte'a-n$'for th'e, flow - to it while an upper said[ sl@@ft glnd, hav.ino- dliring nori@ial a-, ing i n , @ full p@i .6trespondin has ad ,tio th j-@st4ble-_means, regul @the d( Li@.i@nfeo ating g r r L fl6N it. t6@it@ olev@,ti6n, and an tippe@r inner on @did, 40 sha"ft abo@e'said lowei tui@nbr dii@l haviii'(Y 18. -In a Iiyd@auli@ turbine the @com- biTlation@ Z, 105 duri;iia normal op@@ati6ii,t-lie f@,ill perinissible @@vith a @,C;haf'@ -,Of a pli@ralit.y of rlinners SR@i@,d cotrosponcl-@iig tb':@t@ ele@,,ttion said pe'r- iii6iiiifed. ih@ie6n in -f-ixea relatioii, to each MIS lentidal. '-,aidjust@bl@ @-ui sibl6 s@'ee,d@ b&ic h di@o@-i@aDs for ein bt er, non passii. In a, liya@@ldii6 tilrbiiie, the combiii,,ttio ii@& the flo-@@ ic, oiie'of -sai4 ilj'niiers alid.adjiist1,5 with- a shaft Iof oLn ii@per ruiini@r of relaiiv@l al@le me@@@s fo@ iegtil,@ti@ LI@@ flow to an'Qthe@ :Ila 9 - 1 less, p6wer capaq'@t ' d lower s-oe@ific, spe@ci 6f '@vhe@6by" -said t-Lirbine is-, -Y an, an(l' 6,@ !6wer rtinrier 6f rel@tiv6ly great@@r,, adapte,,d-to ol)eiat@.wit,h'a vatiable, P , Y O P o r S@id,riUl 7 ig e r @s'p p'- @ ti6ning ot,the f6tat flow,bet y an(I h" h w@@ n n@'Irs. p-o.wer capaci Cifi,c s@eed; @aid@ 'shctft aiid r.unne,rs rotati'ng 19., 1-1,i @ hydraulic tlir,@ine i,@e co@.nbination 50 ',Lt the'full , permisslblq@;'spoeq @6f the I of - 9,- pltir@@lit@@ ofr with a sl@aft,,, er rurine@. rnounted t@hereon at different@'el evatioiis@in. 12.; In a@ hyd@aiilic tutbi3@e t-,he combiiia@ti n fixed r6lation to wit,h a shaft, of-a @Iii@ality bf runner,@ 6,f guide m6a-ns for passit!g the flo;ff to one df,- lar, type mounte,d thereon a@ncl 1-iavino@ @ower @ ;, @ll -nners,-and adjustable me, , s@ici ru @ns: for, tegu-: 55 cald@eiiies -@p@roxima@eiy :propo@ti6nal.,t6 ;, .. lat.ing th6 flbw to- iiiiothet: of'@said runners @uh(@.ir respectivo @bs6lut@@ tatic d@aft h6@dsl_ -v@ho@eby. s@,id 't@i@biiie il@ adapt6d to op,erate' 13. Iii a, hydr ulic rbine the conibi@a,iio a tu n bl roportioiiiii@, of th6 totai7l, wi pli@rality of th @ shaft, of, runners thereon wit4@ a varia, e p ow at' d@:ff @@ent ele@atio@s, 'e.,,t@h of said, @unn bet'N@66n sai fl r@nlier s. e.rs, 6o 1- i' G'6mbiiiati6n pelfic, gl@6pa 4ncl'@ower calDReit 20 Iri a hyd@atil[ic turbiiie the aving a sp @y s ch iha@ ifie s@m of its st@iic d@a,fi hesd pl with . a - shaft 6f 6,, PI-Lira f'runners..- -Li lity;, @c, e velocity head- regained iii its araft.t.iib6 niouiit6d ihereon in fi,.K, e d relatib,h to eacb-'- th Plus the, factor to cover itsloc@,,I@,6a*itati(iii,is othe'r, non7ad]'Ll@ta@bleL @-Liideniea@is for PaSS7,@ le!3s il@an 32.83 feet'.,, in,-,,the flc)w to,a, lower-runner, and adiustabie 65 .14-. 'In a, hy'dr@,uli@ tli@binp tli6 combination m6an's, fp'r Otl-l(@r, @@non-adjtistabl@ @@,th6 to@ @n @-Lipp@r,

1)776,391,, unner whereb @aid turbine is ada,pted to y operate with a va;riable proportioninly of the total@flow b6tween@said rtinners. 21. In a hydra'Lilic. turbine the combinatio-,i plurality of runnei,s 'VV,ith a shaft, of mounted tbereon in -fixed relation to each 6ther non-adiustable gijide means for pass5 ilig the flow t@ a runner beloiv tailwater leiel a:nd adj . ustable means for regulatino- the flow 10 to a rtinner above tallwaier ievei7wh6reby said ttirbi,ne is ada.pted to operate with a vat ow bet en rable p ionin@7 cf the t6tal fl ive said rlln 22. In a hydraulic.ttirbine a divided intal;ce 15 pa,ssale, a, shaft a runner on the end of said shaft receiving its flow upwardly,, a second rilinner of different specific- speed and power 06tpLlt tll@n '-he first mentioned runner rec@,-ivihg its flow downwardl@ . and sp@eed 20 tlierefroin, 6ppositely, disposed draft ttibes for sa-id runners, @nd a@ common c()lleetor passao@e fo@ recei@ing the dischar-ae froiii: both of said @draft tubes. 23. In a, hydraiilic turbinala, divid6d iiitake "sage, @.@irti.cal shaft., a rup- ner on the lowp e@ 6n@l of said shaft re6eiviii its flo-v@ up-"Iardly, a second runn@r of di erent specific @peed from the first mentioned runnner mounted@ on said sha@ft and s aced from t-he p 30 first n-ientioned runnei-, out@vardly flarin 9 draft t-Libes for said r-Lmners, and a central common coll@et6r passage receiving the flow froni saicl clra-ft tilf@es. 914. In hydr -Lilic t-tirbine, an intake pasa a 3,5 s-@ge a discharge passage, a ilerfical shaft, a plurality of runners of different spelcific speeds and out-put spaced froin each other'on s@gid shaft, draft t-Libes for receiving the discharge from saicl tur@iers, the upper droft @@40 tlibe having removable portions to permit the complete, dismtntling of the entire turbine from above 25. II-, a hydra@tilic ttirbine, an intak@ passage, a discharge, pass,,tge, a vertical shaft, t :45 r@ltirality of 1-unners of different specific speeds aiid out@ut @pued froi-n eacli other on sh.id shaft, drhft ttibes for:r(,,ceiving the, flolv from said ru-@iiiers, the u@per draft ttibe havi:ng re@r@ov@bl@ lin6'is to permit the 66mi-)Iete tio CIis@lAiatling of the, entire tu ine froin ab6ve, 26. @ In . a h@dr'atilic turbine the combination -with ,t shaft, of a pltirality of runner@lthere-i of a,id 'Cl@, means for condticting Aiiid to eael s r.uniiers, in@llidiiig fixed - nori-adjustable 55 m ea,ns lor ctiri, -etiing fluid tc,@certaih of said riinners, and ineans f6r controllidg flow to O@Ln,6t,hei- of s6id @runners whereby flow to one Of said runners can be stopped while contijatiino; to the other @of said runners. co 27. In @. liydrtiilic turbine, tl-ie combination with a vertical shaft, of a plurali@y of rurine@s: thereoii spaced at different elevatioiis, the power caplicity of each rlinner bein apT)roxii-nately prop@rt,i6nal tc@ its depth @elow 65@ the baronietric ele-vation abo-ve tail water. 28. In hydraulic turbine, in combination, a @vertical sbaf t having upper and loiv, er rullners, and means for re,(,ulating the power@ capacit tipper runiiei- and n On-reguy of the lating power iiaeails for the lower ruiiner., 29. In',t hydrtlilic turbine, the coiiibinatioii coi-nprising i pliirality of r unders s et at dif - ferent cleiations aiacl i,ll rioidly fixecl to a common ,5hift, a runner thel@rleof it a lii(YI-lel. elevatioii liaving less power cabacity aii,l a@ lo@ver rtiniier ereof specific SI.)eed than ti@ so@ that the poiver capacities and specific speeds of the rlinners - will vary in different relation to their elevations ,v@.ith l@res-Dect to. the level of tailwater. 30. In a hydi-atilic turbine, the combination: compris.ing a @ingle vertically disl)clsed shaft and a plui-ality of rtinners @thereon' having diflereiit specific speeds and adapted for sili'lult,,tneotis normal operation each of said ruriners bein, 6f the,T)ro-peller t'ype. 31@: fn a liydraulic furbin6. the combinati.oii co inpi,isin(ri,siiigle veit@ti@all@,disjiosed sliift, t pl-Liralit@ Of propellei- t3,pe rii@ihei-s thei-con liaving di:ffererit sij6cifi@ spe@ds and idapted for@simliltineous noriiial operati6n a sage forn-iing means iv. hereby fluid h C,-"'in 0 each of stid runners is turned from a i alita I to an axial direction. 32. Ina h ydrtulic ttirbine, the combination Pconaprising a sinole vertically disposed shaft a, pl-,iralit@y 6f pr@peller type runners thereon ha ving different @pecific speeds and adapted f r si ltaneous noriiial operatio assa-e 0 mu p zn for ining means -@vhei@ebv fluid flowing t,o each 100 of s,@Lid rtinners is turned from a radial, to Itn axi il direction and guide vanes in said passag es spaced from salid iunner's to form. a va ne-free traiisition space. 33. in a hydraulic turbine, the combina- 105 tio n comprisingy- a sin(yle vertically disposed sha ft a plur, tlity of runners thereori having diff ereiit specific speeds and ada]pted for simtil talleous.normal operation, means forn-iing pq ssag I es whereby the fluid is directed to saici 110 rtin ners, and only fixed glilde v@nes in said pq ssages. 34. In a hydraulic turbine, the con-ibination co mprisin(r a single verticall@ disposed shaft, a plural@it@ of propeller type runners t,l-iereon lia vino- di'iterent specific speeds and adapted for simultaneous normal operation, means for ming passages leading to said runners va nes disposed in eacli of the passages leading to said runners, and additional vanes of the 120 adjustabletl7 -ie passa-e leadpe disposed in tl ing to one of s,,tid runners -@,vhereby Che fltiid flow may be vari,ably contr6lled. 35. In a liydrdL,,Iic turbilie, the combination comprisino, a, sin@le vertically di@posed shaft, 12-i a pluralit@ of propelle.r type runners thereon having different specific speeds and adapted for siiutiltaileoiis nic)rrnal operation means forming passages l(@adiii@ to sai(i rlinners, -vanes dis osed in each of the passages leading i@,11) p so

1,776,391 to said 'ruiiners anci aclditional v6,iies of t]@e ,@djustable type displosed in thle passage lea ing to one ofl;saicl runners whereby the fltiid fl 7 n-iay be variabl, ov controlled said ad-just- vaiies beino- spaced froiu the runner -vvith which they cooperate therebv forminly a vanef ree transition space.. 36 In -@, h i turbin the ination yd@aul c e, coiiib' coiiiprising a sin-yle vertic6llv clisposed shaft, a P-Iurality of rliliners thereon havina clifferer.t. specif@c @speeds ancl a,clapted f6r @ililu' Ita,iieous normal op6ration, the upper runner beiiig 6f the Fran6is t3rpe and the loiv-,r ner of the propeller type. @3T. In a l@yjraulic turbine, the combiiiation co,.,iiptising a single verticall-v disl)osed shaft -t pltir,-tlit,@,of runners thereon h@vinu differ' ert-specific sp,eed[s and adaptea @for 's'imtilta.. iie0us iioi,rhal ol)eratio,.n, the upper runner Lein of the Francis type and the lower rlili@geing of the pro eller ty 3ler . pe, means. foril'i p ing pass,,tges leadin@@ to-said runliers and -eid-. iiist@abl6 guide vanes for the Frtneis@rLinner disposed @vithin the passage leacling,theret,o LEWIS FERPY AIOODY: 35 65

extented S6pt. 23) 1930 1 , 7 7 6 , 3 9 @ i ' UNI TATES@ @@PATENTOFFICE D Y,@ Or' PIIILADELPHIA, PENNSYLV A N @ I A @@HYI)l@AULIC APPARATUS A p p @i@4tiqli A@qa@Xay 2, 8) 1927. Serial No. 195,105. 'T@hI@, iiiventi@)n @elate@ to li@drdillic turwhi,-h are t bl'ne"s 'a'nd p rti clilqrly@ to@@ t ore su@ited only for't a heref I he same hqse 6f @- @e@ticiil el6vaijon and s@6-cific spee s d' F@r r@as6n llgft ty@6 s Iii the eiff6rt t,O ilic@ea 6 tII6 -,vhich will be appa:rent hereiii@ftei speed of - ihe@e a@'ttlr'- prio@ runner@ @re desiblned f6r ih(@''lo-v@er 5 bili@:iiiidei- h giveii h6ad so to i)errriit -a re I @p dLicti6n in the, size o-f th6 ec@fic sPP6d cO@diti0is u@der whicli. thp 4p- 55 enei@- @tor cli-lven by per runne ti-le. tti@bipe as Qperat6 @, thit 61imin@tI@ g eav@ t woll as, th6 side of t@e t-Lii-bine tioll of the tipper ruliner ahd p6irhitting it it elf and the @c6oiiipa@yiill POIVE@ II o tlq e Is @ 9 to- ol)erat@ @ffici.ently.althou,-h this '' p4p stru6t@i6, ruiiiie:rs ha@iiio- - ex'T'r'eiii'ely liiuitin@@,, the o@it@ut ofd - - li at the e@pense 6f tiie '6s of sp6cifi6 spe6d lia-@e- b@eii d6- @@iop-eci low'er runii i@ v@iiu T h e t o t a l . p e c i f f @ @ p e e q Q f t h e i b b'iit these ii'ece@sari y.'requi' th I re e ocauioii. of prior units @vil4 iherefore, be the, result,$nt 6@ t@ to 'wo identical riiiine@@ ea h'h the run@d@ af a,.'Iow poiiit v@i@h. @e@@@c c aving @.s tail@@ ivater. - As'her6iTiaft@t explaiiied in de- s@eed.'Iii@it cl@.to' s-tiit'the''el@vaiio@ of -th6 .-tai4 the higher th 'fi e speci 0 sp6ed the loiv@r4 iipper riiiiner.. If the ri aiii@ers w@i6 id entithe'@ runner iii-tist be pl@c6d witli 'r'espect to c@lly designed th t v e a h ' h a I g , @ @ p @ c i g s p q o ( l tail -v@ater, and co'nvers6ly th@ highei tl-ie i@n- iii tc.cordaiiqe with the el I q v a t i o ' i i o f t h @ l 6 w 6 r ne@ is piaced'-@@ith'r,'es@e,i2t to t,@til wator, the riihner and theteby I c@tis6' the lo@we@ - ru ermiss'bl spe(,Ifi6'@peed. effi6iently, then.th6 ruiiiier lower will' be it@' i 6 to operate wpuld -With -the hi@h )ecifib @pee@d- runner lo@cated iiecessa@ily b6 uilfit fo@ @p@ratio at the iequited I @, .t h n,@qt th6 elevf@-' low poin t ere is, i-ii'maii tion of the, y . t@pp,ei@ one due t6 eavitail@:)n 'an''d i6 @la)@ts,- avall@tl'e ,p'@ce above the - ruiii@er fo inefficiency of opoi-at . @A I '' . . . on. ence'lt is seei'i the 16catioji 6@- a s6-c6nd @u'niier c 6iii@6eted that if both ruiiners are d esigned for the 'COi -witli the sanie @haft whi'ch if it c@uld be @dded ditions o@f the lov@errnost riinii6r th@ upper t6 lihe @nit *otild iiidt@@itlly incte@@6 t@e runner is sub' j e c t e d t o @ r o h i b @ i i @ e q q n d i t i o i i @ power outptit ana c6ii@equ6@tly the iot@l ivhil6 i@' bh ot r u n n e rs a r e d e si o n e d fo .r th e' 7 5' specifie's@66d of th@ enti@r'e unit.' 'eo'r@ditions of th6 ui3lpe@m8s@ tlieii th@ The object o-f my in@ention is to provid6 loiver rtiniier is si@bjeci@d to.pi-inecessary l'ima turbiii6 iii which thi@ space ab6v r. Thtistl@es' e the low- itation @6f it@ pow6 e , p i @ o r d o t i b l e or rtinner c6ntaiiis aiil a'ilxiliary up @ui@ne@s 'h@ve per runner not combined in a sin uiit ame s'ha tli6 fe@tu specif mounted on th@ s ft with the lo-vveil re of th6 l,ig g@@ i 0 @@si .; .@,ossible ic ruhner and s6 66mbin@d t@erewith th@t t e s@,.eed.@16n h ith, prope@ @ oppration o.f , both r unners as is rna 'bl 16wer,riin-@ier n-iay h@ve @ hi(rh speqific spe ci ,e POsls,l v@th@,py pre , t, e( sent While at the sanie time ih6 ati'N:iliary tipper invention. runner is acla@pted io o,p@rate ,tt a !ONVet pre.@ I hei6 -eii4 the priiie )le th@t th4e d i s - " , 5 s @ e c i h e s p @ e d s u i t a b l e f o r i t s h i o @ h e r ' e l e v t t i o l i i c l @ v a h t a g , e s c a i i b 6 " o b - v i a t e d @ j i d I Z", . th 85 ab6i,e Ittiliv.@ter. TI-ie fact that r@niiers o tii@Line 'Unii an!, I @ I at in a f @uppi @r r6nfi6i-:may be di:ffereiit specific spee,d @re adal)ted t6 @-per- Lis@d to increase-ilie poivei, or @oi th@'@ame @ite@@norriially, at '-he s,,tine @ciual s t6tal pow6@ peed per@nits I @li@ @ac iua-I @spe@d.,o@'the.,@tinit inay the:tw6 runiiers fc; be mo@inted be ine@eas6d oii the @ar@6 by @PplYi@g @:un@ers 6-f di@ eteiit dorm and ca@ac@f@, tli @hai"t. -Tn this @@:iy 'he high specific spee at, the nn6r 90 -Lipper ru of th@ lower runner i8 niain@taiiied, and at the @@ill be 6f relatii,el@ les@ DO, ,@er @nd.le@s spesa@,-e tline @ddiii6@al power is efficioiitly g@n-@ cific @pe6d aild the -16w@@ -ner of relati, 761Y erated and delii7ereil to the shaft by the lo@ver great:er'@ower and,gi-e,,iter-S - -, @E ] 3 e c i , @ c . s p e e d , b u t 8i)eeific speecl upper riinner, thus i@cre"i@& bo'th will be k6y.ed,to thelsam6,@h g f t , a n d w i l l @ e t h e s p e c i p l e s p e e . d o f , t h e t p t b i n e , t i n i t a a r t i n h t t h e , s a i i i e a c . i i a l , s p , e d . whole. F urt I h I er ob j.e6ts,'6f ii@y in@@n@io the n n The, doub le r@inner turbines of@th6 prior foim "9,1-ld co.oi@raii6ii @f t;h@, tLir@i@e' p'arts art.are unabl6 to ol fficieiitly be- Wlil app'ear froin t@e f6llowin(r descriptioli cc,prqpan ing )erate niost,e cAu@6 thore is moiinted o4,-th@-s a@np,shaf,t at t,,@).Icen in, cgii.nection -.wi 5.0 t4 @ It@llp least twb @8i!b@tihtia identical e@s d@a-@vi@ ruiln gs, in ch

1 776 391 Figure I is a vertical sectional elevatioln of a turbi-ue unit ernbodying the invention, taken on line 1-1 of Figure 2; Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view on ilar to Figure I but 'fication; illiisitratino, a modi slm ifigure !is a; horiz ont@f @ectioiial@@view on line 4-4 6f Fio@ure 3 Figure 5 is a vie@m simil,,ir t6 Fiahr6-1 biit ustrating a mo difi -caiio FigLire 6@ is a h6rizont,,tl sectional view on line 6-6 of Figiire 5,- and Fivures 7 and,8 @,re diagrammat-ic charts lanato of the prinei-ples-ii-.i-de@lyin@y,thol 15 exP r@y invention. -Fi@ur@ 9 -is'a further,modification of, the rilniier.co@nbiniti6@. 0 "In the - 6r@b diiiie-nt. 6f the inventio-n@ shown in @nd 2 the flo-w' fr6in- heacIN@ater enter@ the tiirbin@ thr-o-Ligh@intak@ 10 in spir@l foirmi@ passing the *ater ivith a.'Whirt throuoh o fix6d 'st,@y vgn6s 1-6 @nd @djii@t@ble,,. -@anes l,7,t6 t@6@tran@ition spEtc6,lT' b@tnve,en 25 the upper, irtin@er i4 and t,h(, To we@ @"ner 15@. The flo*@ is 1- - guldpd 1-nto - ih6 I two "rLii@- @s b@ t@e do-Libie '6 i List@n@e,piece Or, ne on cal c@is@i6lly- -with @ a, sle'p,-v6 30, And@ @wiiirl,- -tip@w6t,d af@t tlibe It @a@d-,3o do@,v@-n-y@a@d@ int tub6 12. both of th,6s6'i@bes bei of the,aniaiil@r pieading type, aa,a-D-ted @6nv6@t :t@e' vel66ity head @;f'b6th i@6. iiie an and v6loeity, '@cnents:int pri@@ ure hi2@ad The clr co@ra @t-i@b6s- li@. 12 d outlet p s I a@0.6s 13 s ilito t it level in dicated@ at t., The rlinhers 14, 15 @@e 6f t@@ hi,6h specific Sp eed' 7@rcpell6t type,- the ut).Per runner 14 4Q b-eiig diblmeter @Lnd@ of less@ po*er tha,n the l@ower 'runn'er'. 15..- aiid a,c66rd@@gly t o@ l@,@er s@ocific s@eed, thaii h ower. runz 11 '"it ted to dev6lo 6r. Th6 snowi@ is, acla p p 9500 h6rs@p6-,@@r :it 200'R. P. M. 6nd a.hea.d throat of the lower r,u-iiner 4r, of 40 feet. The is @iocat6d 4' 91" -below tai'.1 Water :s6: that the vE@166ity head rok@ine4 in the d'raft tube f @lus a- act6r-to c6ve@r@local c@vit@tion,,plus@ the static. draft head will equal,the baro@50 me ric pressure cortespoiiding -to 32-83, feet@@ water coitimn. As thu@ in@talled th6 lowi@r unnet -15 will develop abo Lit 6000 oft the r @tal' 9500@ or, to, h sepo-,k@ @@a@d@its,specifi6,spe6d Will b6,c@boiit 16 4.-'@'The'uppe-v -ruline@ 14- @t r, the same acuu '@p@'64 nave a specific al -v@ill it 118'aii W' @b6i' d ill develop,.app@6xirfiately 3500, h-orsepower -c[e-cermih6-d by the e- aa a-citi,n- g -Lipon.it 4t th6 t@r6at., 'it hea4 bein t d @,@ia@,d@a g compu e as ov6 ao, iiidica;t6d as'th-6f@S"LIM:'O@f the stati;c draft heid plus the velocit@ he' ad're-a-'ained in the draf'u toe, f 16 @l c@@itap ii8 th,6 a.etor t6 co'ver c -should' ii6 e'e d, 3 2 9) t'i !@Thi :@ tcitiil t @:ic .8 f6et f -diidf@rl@ing: this in-: line 2-2 of Fifyure 1 Fi(yure 3 is a view vention is t@hus the relation between the 6levation cf the turbine runner with respect to tail water the e:ff6etive head on the runner and its specific@, speed@ As: the design of a o increase 70 runner is prootessively. modified t its s ecific speed-, the' velocity head of the p water pa ssinly throli-ah it continuously in as6s a,nd r6p e ci@ts -n i-n@keasing f cre@ r s a rac tion -of the e-ffee,'tive head. AssLiminy that the ru''n'ner will,be equipp6d with aii e,'@'%Cient ',715 no, a large pro:draft tiib'e. cap,al ble@ of ,i@egftini portion 6f fhe vel@city hea5 dischfirged ihek6fr6m" the heio@ht at:which the rlinner may be loc@ted with spect to t 'I water be-: re ai comes more-'and- more limited, requiring it to be plac o nu:illy lo-v@ei'ele-@7ations ed at c nti a@'th6 s@ecifi@ speed ine@@ases. @@In a(laitioll howe -ve'r@ t6 thi allowance f6r velocity head @ba sed 6n the average velocity of the strleam sin@ throiigh the runner a seecnd actor qr: pas -T ,II coiisid@red ll',Il -@vhat I have must; so be -nely., term6d "local cavitation," 6r'iocal @res@-Lire ieduction. Th6 @ St.Ittje @7p Tessure e @Kisting within the r Linner i sn6f, @consttiit th@6@io-,hotit P-e-- (io ihe eiitire wate@way bu tyhries'fr6.j@i ripher@,t@ward -the axi@ 7of ih6'riinn6r and also varie s across e@ic h b@c@et'fr-6m the'f ace': o ane an f- ; v@n6 to the bael, @@ @ti@., ii6xt - one v. d there i , s t,herefo@e -a 16cal -reductioii c@fpre@- @ure "'it SOM6 @p6ints I :'6f tlie@ cai7,siiio@ @)5 this local pressLlie: i-o:,be@ a; consideiabloainount,,below the@ av'er-age, pressure in@the is,loc,@L pr6ssure- r-educ-- 6ntire water*ay.: - Th' I ti6n iii,@y @bi f @s th6 1)@oduct , o 1 a; doefficieiit iniiltipli-ed l)-y @h6 6:ffective head iof Thi c66 fficient varies S61@6w@a@i@ ae@ei@ding: on the @e6uli:irity of the iiidiv@dual r -Linner d6si(-iii but ih g'eneral ii iner6ases With -th@ pe;ed of the @nd for a runspecif!6 s runner, ner of,lu@ny given de@ign char@et6ri@ties, this coefficionf r@u@t in6rease if t-he spe6ific @s@eed is inereased.- A -i, curve ii ty De ciri7 @v-n sh6,,vin(@ t he@--fune-tional relfiti-oii b@t,@een this CO'efficient and tli6 speciiie speect. @-,ich@ a c4v@@e i@7111' repre@ent iio -'Uhe geiietal .,-ffect of @-L)P,6d for ru-.n-- P,6rs of iis@al char,,tc'ce i tic-,,bi@d sh6-,@@ PIrjpb-iall ii.@v - t@ C' -Y ol coefficieht .01f @ covit@tio-n @ iiicre,,iseswith an i-@lQrea,.- in speciii.c speecl. -Tji cle-qi@iii-,ig ,,@y turbij-i(, instfilfatiob, t].@e si-,P@i fie 715 s,@eed@ @elect@,@T f6r the r-tiiiii6r SUP-lil th,,Lt r IV )T- the rii..@,,ie @t-l-i r-@i:)ect to @ail. the- 'suin of t.@h,-, @,le@-,ttioii of th@ rtiiin.er abbve tail@wl"l,ter pl-ii,@ t-lie ani6-Lint OT- A, 11 e @@city, he-,@Ld 1-6u@iiied i--,@ 320 -io pr ti c @ft ttibe, pi-i-is, t,i odiict o --i e o c6 ffic iiltipliecl b Aleti n e @@en@ ]@il i-@e @f-f y -d the blit-ro-met",@ic tive hetd miist Ti@i e xe-,-, pressure he -acl; eshead of t,he ttmospheke,. . 1215 It, if @t ru oliven specific s-Deed i.s pl,,icecl to ve Itti wat r o e, ti. oe'll o' s t-h,,it th @b olute I poiiii @vithin th6 t-Lirbin too closc io ih@ or T)ressure o n@,q,, 130 P

1,776ipgl art,from the ane sL'rf',Ices leair' the above v er @lled with irap d at @tic- @ lpg a'cal'ity at d;Hel' it el 17 a,tions or, an h,I)oj.nts pittiiio- ill se ve ts a basis for calculatiny the or corrosion of @tl@e i-netal- is li@i:e-13@@-to oc-0 , w r po wer ii i, capacitv wliich can be safe-l@ assicned to each as !'W-ell as vibr,@tion a.ncl'a possible i,-nl)air@ 6 iicli vid@q@l riiiinei- usiny in the case oi The e,,tch i@eit,of .io@,er,,qnd.efficiei,- Y, rii-,i.ner ii-S owii inclividubal elevatio@,i A.@iibo@e c If Its is tlie, @elevatioii 6f I th6 @tiiiiie,-, i:h @roa'u tai,l@vate@. - ice ho tl l -iors are Sii wevell e run,, or poi--Qt o 0 l@ -1 -,iiinin-itlm cli@iL@elc,e !Of: til keyea, to the sarne s 'sage above i,@il water haft aiid mlist, there@ @ ore liav@ the same absoliile @pe ed of rota @tl@e baroii-i t iioh, the iliorsepoll'ier cap,,i,eitie@ -,Vill vary ace ric liead cc t 10 the t6inperatL@re.@o,l the ;-w,@t6r,tj,,cl cordin(y -to'the folio lation@: the (coii,es@oiirli@g io atmospherill For f"rbil'ai" 75@ es@ ptess-tire -ipo@ pressure of the water) H3/2, ll'I',Utls VI tl-ie effee@ive lie@d @ii't@lie turbine @nd I 1 - 1 , P = = : ; 1 . 5 6 0 . - f f 2 - ( h Ns, the @pecific,@@e@ci of @ll.e@ @tinner b th@ @.-apl)ioxiiiiat ,15 en "Ir. e ei-n @@-la Oil M"t Y For J)i@op-.Iler type tlirbinesbe @fouilcl@ Stich @th@@t the tbsolll'te pi-essure at, so i,j poi@iit, @vithin the tui-bine @will no H37 2 -oc, t lip= 22 5 00. (h - 'h,,) @f@fl beloi@v tlie,vlpor preSSITr(,- )f tb6 -water N2 b tui-l)in6,s o@ n6rmal 'cha'rft6terist,ic@ -for :I)ecific -s@e@cls. I .,-iii ivhicli N equals th'e revolutionsper minute Vtr-l 0 LT S of the shaft. .:Frl)m the available @ia-ta @ei)lesentiiig the The fUDet-ional relati S5 I ons repres6nted by e,x,i)6riejice ill existinp--pl.a,-,its, tnelT.,@cts o I f tlie,-e foi,n-itilas,tire sho-wil oli :I"i(Ture 8 ill reg,iineci vel.ocity.hetc! i-7i-the'drtft ti,ibe @nO, iviaich tb -s 4-lie, ohorsei)owerea cit' loc@vi. pi6ss@ir pa ie ofindividual e reclliction Ni,ithi-n @the tLirrliiiners ai,e 1)lotteci for,,t sta 2.@ @ille may. be c'o' @m@'ineri c -L liclard speed of xpressed as .11 100 'R. P, ill. aiicl for heads of 20 40 fiihction 6- f and 6@O @o tile @By this in - et,h feet in -relation to the@ -elevation @6f the finoct, it 4@ foii@d tha-t in @'or@der to pr6vide t (ii@,@letual ruilr@er . 1, i, With respect @to ttilw,,tter. pro.p@,r stfegiiard ao@,9,i,nst eil,itat.ioti a The liorse!)O'Wer for aiiy (itber speed c n be a spee(i shoulcl be,selected i@ rel@t;i.o@ to eleva3(,' tio n 4 abof6 t@il * I ., @-bund I)ly 'mu@iltipl37ino- the hoi,s,-power at loo a , 'it6@ - a - ii.d,6ffe6tiv-e bead in 100)@ 95 accoi tnee 1,Vith a fo rmul w @.-@P. Al., clenoted by @(HP (N), t-)y N 1 0 p getie@a f orna b6iii-(- the revolution s pet iiiintite. b f@e Fran'@cis Por @tt@r ine@ of -pe It@@ill, be noted that the r e l a t i o n b e t w e e ?5 the @li6rs@powers of @indi d vi ual: riihners at coiasttnt sp6ed 4iid the runner @6levations is a l'i.,- iear one that is, @if we, fali:e an elevation or ttir-@i@l-les 'Of I tlle'.I)i,61)eller, tYI)e -to @the At a height above tailivater equal - b-@Lroinet,iic'laea'd - @,hich at @6rdinary teih 4;;x 1 perqtui-es and,altitti d e s . i - f i V , b e t a k e n a s a @ p r O X I 4 0 , M,,ttely ?)2 feet, h@e t-h liors-,-POA@rei-s of a 1.(5 @o f se a frer @Tili;-e coo i ciei).'s @o@f l@@ qllel 150 are ri.es of riiniiers I t ent elevations keyed (I'OPeiid@iiL, @@i-poii id@@Paiticiila@'desi(@-ii t'o @th'e same @Sliaft;"W be, very @nearly proport7l . . f, &1,_ . s Olilliit-@@@-@t-eristi@s but tll-6'@DoVe@ @i,otiiicl- eS tioiial, t6 their verti Clistance @below thi 92 .qrb or, riiii_uers 'k 6h to i-oot e 4,5 eiit f )f- i@is-L,,,tl d'6si"' le@ati6n @ wl-le he @runners are, of the pr6vl(le ge'ner@@l ,uid,-' p@eiiii@- , 11;@aiiie geneial type. Therefor - @all of @the llo - 17 e5 (Yr, ii is eliart aire straio-ht lilies aetti, 'Iio t, C,,i' aplas Plotted o ih' e sepa th- tqte effects 6'f ea-Vi'tdtibn'aiia @,elo6it@ radiafin,- .@froiii a point it. 32 feet elevation h@e@@d 'peb-ftin- niay @b6 on th,e vertical axis 6f the chart. it Wi@ll also p,arl, til@r, d'7 T b-e not I't-hat a differen ,n aii cess.ar3 ei) t, slope@of Iiiie must '-tlieii' iiiad6 @'ii 'tli'6 sl')e-cifi@ @si)e@cl@ oi. be tised foi turbi-nes 6f Francis type froin that elovatio-n 6f. iiiii'ner b 'I @r6qti ire-d by the pro@eller t 'g@l, o v e ri(Y 7 ype. Theref or6 til:e coiiditi6ns in soiiie I 'cases will Sl'.IO'lvs, 8i-iait re'pi-esenti'n@ o, this relat,io ' I 1- - I @, , It ., , r . , I I., @ I &@ll f6r@th,e loter rtui gr,).ph . Ill h --rqiI c ner 'of 'a m@lti-runner q iv n ic tla6, sl) ,55 can-b(,, selecte,-l i-Ti i@elttion to'ele - i ver'tical''shaft tiirbin@e'to be of a di:fferent type il-41@,@ I V.@ 1011 -,DOV(-"' aiimrate@r 'ancl' the hcqc.,T' O'n' t@e froni, the -iipper runner For exai-n@le n I., n - 60:f6et head' if the up@er 'i @a h@,p@oz,-I'm-ate. ' o@ ttirbi e lor ruiiner miist b,6 pl6@ed hi-gher than about five feet A-@ido -T.@6M tbe,eX,@@t. lrh"IUO 0 110 coeii-16@ above the conditio@ns for this ii-,,g@,d the d" upper wi i.n icate fli6,&en@r11 60 nlitur6.'OT th @Linner wotild not be suitable for 'a propdller e Lt nctioma @elatioh b6fN@6e,.i the @qtialititi6s. I' LinilLer of iislial cha@acterist.ics ace 0 o r d i n g t 's p ottecl NN-,ith resent @ractice, -and'@'a Fr Fil,. p a,nci@ type riinner I'o'g'ar@ithinic -coordip,@tes.-,@,P,(-] tli- (yr -@,Q , api tre would then -be seleeted f6r the -upper runner str@ight @lin6s. of S@116h,fi - Linit. , In @ a; unit for su'ch conditions, :In 4 m,tilii-riiniie@ shaft -tLi@rbi,,ie the,-,lower runner, set @at a lower -elevation -w r!e @tho 8eparate ru.,,-@iiers ,@l-niist be @i ' -- pla led - prci)ell r c cquld be of the e type@@nd 6ouldthere l'O

1,776i391 f oro have ii very much greater capacity than the upppr runner. @if :@Ln the above f ornaulas, the quantity Ab@h, is c:illecl the absolnte static dratt,head, then it follows that the powel- 6apacities of ii@ series 6f rtinners ino-Linted on a c6iniii6ii: Iiaft should @be approximately I @roport@ohal to their indiviclual @Elbsolute .94batic dr@ft lieads whel, the runners are of sinailai ty Pe By thus-conibihii@a with the lower r-Linner the upper rtinner of'-less powe@ and of lower ore sl)ecific sp,@ed, the. po-vver outp-Lit is @n @atly ihereased ' i@d: the same fi.ot ual--@peed.-o-i rota a@ti6n is nlaintained. In the example (Tiven (Figs. 1 and - 2) fho power is inereas@'d bv@ to latt in total over onehalf a a oLitput of .h rse-power 95001-I.P.,!To@itttainthis,salm-e, 0 in a single runner at the same head and same ,icttial speed the.specific speed 6f the Linit 2ij would be 193.5 and the rtinner should @ be below . ta'lw@ter placed about seventeeii feet 1 in orderlt6 keep the total draft hea-d of the unit equal to 6r less tllan 32.8@o.@ With this runn r ul high specific speed E@ e wo cl be used that ''Would develop a maximum. efficiency considerably lower than the total - efficieiicy of 7the combined '-Liiiit of Figs. I ,i-iad 2. 1 @Che @.q@ingle r-Linner -L init, due to th e high. negative stttic draft hetc, u i qttl e I -wo Ici ls6 re r a, inuch @llo (leeper- 6kca-vation tl-iall the do-L.,,bl.e On flie@ 6ther @hand-, if'-@'the @saine s@e6ific speed were used 'for.the sinale runiier unit as in the lower-@ nne'r-,@o-f tila unit shown the qctual ,r,u speed, wouldi@be@inaterially @edliced, the effi35 ciedey @some@what lowet,.,,ind the. size, of the rutner, ,tnd of the@ whole Linit con@iderablv@ g@'reater. -The@, -new rosLLIts of m iiivention are attained@:in@the turbine@ol@ Vi@ol's. I and 2 simply 40 by interposingr the upper or auxiliary, rimher 14 on @the@ shaft 21 between the lower run-, ner@15,- and the oeneratot 22 a-hd proviqi@ig i @ n with @ the suppl3r thd discharge th s tin 'er pass,,tges for the flow tl@r@ugh it. This in45 )Tolves sim@ly. a', lengt,heni-ng of the entraiiee (Ytlide, -@anes tnd the pr6- ,@ision@ of the flow pasS:a&e- and discharge oLitl6t passag,@ fo@ th@'@ipp6r@riiianer. A-conti-nLiou s.colLimn,,lrsitpport is'provided.from::the sLib@fo-Lindati'on to the CO geiieratorfloor-.bythe tavvanerin @@20,16 g@ it@ as who! s mado Lnd 19, i@d the s@aft, un' a ei -@.ertically :reniovabl6 'and, repl@c@able :by forining the outer wel% of the; iil),per @ draa t ub6 'as a iemoi7able line@:, 29, setting in a (,yliiidtical space:, of stifficient diariieter to (@le,,tr the larger - e@ipber@ of @ t@e lower run@P ner 15 as ii, isr withdrawn up-w'ard.; ThLis the Jr ant' e iinit may be dismantled from'above. . Due to the lar@6 o@v6ih,,tng:of the shaft 21 be@,ond the upper guide be -ing 23 in re ov ai. m - ab , le draft @tube @ cono, @1)14 a lower g-Liide beariii(y @25 is'added in: the -lo@ver'@dra@t t-@L-e cone C' I )6@-th6se b@a@in-gs beiiig s-Li plie'd with'lul)riP caiit thr6ugh- pipe conriections -2T and @8. @sin@16- ring@of auide vanes 17 s6r@in2 for both rlinn@rs is'operated by submerged operating mechanisih comprising ring 10 and, link-s 41 between the ring and vanes, th,6 ring b6ing connected by reach rods' 18 and rocker arrfi 43 to bo turn@d by the. v6@tical shaft frorApo-wermeanscontroll6dbyihe overnor 9 @o@ th6 p6w6r h6iis6 floor above. In the emboclimeht of th6 inventio'n ,z;hown iii. Fi@@. i@ ana 4, th6 i.ntake 31 is divided, havino, uriper and lower sections 32 and 33; 75 di@eoti,@ e flo-w to the runners 34 i),nd 35,. mounte '6al@ verti sha-ft 36.@ The sect on 32 dire6ts t ow d6 tho upper runhe fl i@nwardly to ner 34, through the dowil'Vva@dly flarino-.draft coniiiio@ sin-@le c6llector @S, a-nd tube 37 to th6,, t, so 33 dire6t-, the fl6w u@wa-rdly to @the se6tion the lo wer tuiiiier.35, throii@yh the upwardly flarino@ dtaft tlibe 139 to the common, single collector 38@ The flow fro'in both: s6etions of ihe i-.ntake -passage flo-ws upwardly and down-, . 85 wa dl@ into, co-.q-imon coll6cto@ r 38, passing out through passage 140a. to tail water. The lin6r of the.- downwaidly fl@@@ino,, draft t@b@ 37 is -i able, so tha made ren ov t the, entire,-,-Linit can@be dismalltiej'from'above. S6patate,@tayvanes 90@ 40b and 41 in the.see@Lions 32 alid 33 and sepol rate stay vaiies 4@ in t@@ I collector 38 carry al load,; of the power house. I Fixed the vertic diagonal g'uide v,,ines 43, ai@j 4:4,4ii@6t the@flo'w causingr t,ho u@it 95 into tl-ie runners 34 and'35, io run at maximum emciency at @tl times The lo,,td variations, howe'vor, up on so oth nit in the po me er u that this tiirbine. of @Fios. 3 an I ad anf 100 a,rly vageo@Lis in@ arge 1 s ystems. The two.guide bearinas 45 and 46@@for the shaft 36 haveindependent water supplie 47 s and 48 recei'vin@-their water from any convenient@ source. 105 In this turbine of Figs. 3 a-nd 4,.the installation has been worked up,f or a, head of 40' and a. speed of 200 R. P. lq The lower runner except for @a,viiig' the, blade sub@tantially, entirely overlappin@ wo:uld b,e @iii@il-ar.t6 that @io d6scri@ed iii Fig. 1, developing 6000 horsepower. and the i@roat,pl@eed@'at@an elevation of 4.75' below tail water.' The upper rurlner elo@ 2000 horsepower at a specific would de-v, s-peed ow r of the upper tunner@ 1.15 of 89. Thep e, has been work@d out in t.his case by the-meth6d 6utliried abovc@ for Fig. 1, so tl;@t the tot9li @raft head. at the runiier tl-ir6at will not ex13 @ceed 32.8 in p a 0 120 ru I c if la single nii@r unit -were us d, of the av(" 8000 M.@ which @as .5. This S' with the th low l@25 r tail w@ter.: ITi this installation li'k6wise iii tl@at sh6wn ii-i Fig. 1, the single run I nei um't iderably larg would require a cons oer throat diame 6r than either t of the runners,in the two-@runner unit. Due to the high@ si)ecific