[1]Patent@d Aug. 27, 1929. 19725@794 UNITED STATES PATENT OFF'ICE. XORTIMER T. HARVEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY I)IRECT AND XESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE HARVEL CORPORATION, A, CORPORATION OF NFW TERSEY@ REACTION PRODUCT OF CASHEW-SHETL OIL AND PROCIMSS. No Drawing. Application flled August 6, 1926. Serial No. 127,709. The present inventioii relates to reaction products of anacardic acid and cardol; for exaniple, as they are found in the cellular shell of the casliew ntit. The invention relates further to methods, processes, and steps for bringinl, about the, reaction product,.3 of this invention. These reaction prodticts are in the nature of liquids ivhich can be dried and of semi-liquids and resin like materials 10 which are suitable for impreomating fabrics aiid so on in which they are dried or solidified. These products are useful for making, electrical insulating materials such as impre,omated paper, cloth and so on and for ap15 plying directly to egnductor bars, plates, or wires; for impregnating paper, fabrics and so on and for use in other ways for application in the arts generally. The invention consists in formincr the prod20 ucts having the geiieral characteristics, the new and useful applications, and the several features of utility hereinafter set forth and clairned. The invention ftirther consists in the new features of operation and tl-ie new and 25 original arrangements and eombinations of steps in the process hereinaf ter described and more particularly set forth and claimed. In this specification and in the claims it is intended and it is to be understood that the term cashew shell oil means the juice or liquid naturally occurring in the cellular striieea t-Lire of the shew nilt, tlso juices or oums of a similar nature ot composition whi@h occur as sap, juice or gum of the cashew tree, a-nd 35 also from other sources natiiral or artificial. This cashew shell oil or juice comprises principally anacardic acid and cardol. As has been pointed out in my copending application Serial Ntimber 62,935, filed Oef. 40 16@ 1925, cashew shell oil has the Linusually high iodine number of about 290 and is eb,,tracterized by that it will stand in air indefinitely, years, without drying or even forming any semblance of any scum on its 45 exposed sur@ace. According to this invention this cashew shell oil is caused to have or acqiiire drying characteristics by reacting it with a, metal. As far as is now known no ,ippreciable 50 amount of the metal enters into the reaction product. Also the nature of the reaction or reactions is not at present known. It is known, however, that the property of the oil can be changed frorn non-drying to drying by heating it and that oil which has been lieateci 55 in contact Witli copper, or other inetal, dries a great deal faster than oil heated alone, without contact witli copper, or other metal. hBy contacting the oil witli coppei- diring e, tting, great saving is secured in the drying 6o time of coatings and so on made thereby. When the treated oil dries a smooth, shiny film is formed. In carrying out the invention cashew shell is reacted with a metal stich as copper, nickel 65 Mo nel met,,tl, lead ma nesium calcium, or I 9 ma nganese. Copper is higlil-v effective as a rea ction agent for chanoing ihe characteristic and nat-ure of caslie,@ shell oil from nondr ying to drying. The treated oil will.dry 70 mo re or less slowly in air and can be made to dr y in various short intervals at raised tempe ratures according to the temperature and len gth of time of reaction and accordin(Y to the temperattire to which it is subjected-for 75 dr yino,. That metals can be utilized for produ ciii@ dryirig reactions on cashew sbell oil lias already been disclosed in my copending ap plication Serial Niimber 114,554, filed Jtine 8,1 926. 80 Copper is a pref erred met-,tl foi- producing the reaction an(I I btve used experii-nenta the copper vessel of I dental vuleanizel@ at n rmal and at iiiereased temperatjii@es and for lar-er batebes of material I have used 85 a lai-(Yer copper kettle, the copper of the vessel in which the cashew sliell oil is lieated and iiit h ivbich it, of course, cai-ne intc, contact ser ving to produce the reaction. As an examp,,3 of the process or inethod the 9 0 foll owing is cited. Paw cashew shell oil is pla ced in a copper kettle and heated at first at about 1000 C. to drive. off anv moisttire. Th e temperature is theri raised to" about 200' C. and the heating continued for from about 95 on e-half hour to about eight hours to get,a rea ction product of ct @desired consistency. W ben beated at this temperature for from on e-half to four ho-Lirs liquids are produced, fil ms of which will dry in about 45 minutes at 100 ab out 250' F. Cloth fabrics, paper, metal sh eet, bars or wire dipped in these liquids will carry a, film of the liquid which will dry an d produce a uniform, smooth, and very
[2]2 1,725,794 flexible but hard and tough film. These liquids are soluble in most any solvent such as benzol, naphtha, kerosene, gasoline and so ?n in any quantities but the dried material .5 is completely insoluble in these and even in acids and alkalis. After ab6ut three a-nd a half hours heating at this temperature the consistency begins to change and the liquid to thicken and liquid 10 heated more than this length of time generally need a solvent or vehicle for the @pplication ibereof. The cashew shell oil can be reacted with or without metal coi@tact at various increased 15 pressures ranging up to 100 lbs. at least to reduce the reaction time. For example, in a copper vessel at 50 to 60 lbs. pressure the oil was heated for one hour and a product was produced whose consistency was comparable 20 to that rnade with four hours heating at normal temperat-ure. Other oils such as linseed, tung, and China wood oil, and resins such as coumerone can be used with the treated cashew shell oil to 25 produce coating and impregnating niaterial. For example, a mixture of linseea oil boiled to a -jelly and dissolved in kerosene hitlf in half i@ mixed equal parts with the cashew shell oil which has been heated with copper for '30 four hours to make a dip for any of the uses herein noted. This mixture will dry ai 250' F. in forty-five minutes. The proportion of cashew oil to linseed oil can be varied to suit desired needs. Tle best drying conditions 35 are obtained with mixtures haviiig from abotit 25@'o to 75% treated casl@ew shell oil. In addition to the use of metals for produeing the reactions of this invention there can also of course be used the metal compounds 40 mentioned in my copending application Serial Number 114,554 filed June 8. 1926, of wbich this is a continuation in paA and also other metal compounds such as oleates, stearates, and other organic compoiinds of copper and 45 the other metals mentioned. These comand "it increased pressures and the products applicable for like uses with or without the ot-her oils or resids. 50 These liquids are suitable for preparing electric,,tl insulation material such as f6r impregnating cloth f abries or paper, for coating conductor bars. sheets, or wires; also for producing water proof Cloth fabrics, 55 cords, lines, papers, and so on; for making lining paper for food containers, bottle caps .ind the like. The term "iopper" in the claims is used to designate copper metal and is also intended 60 to cover all the metalliferous reagents herein cite-d as iiseful in the practice of -the present invention. Saidtcrmisusedforthispurpose to fi-cilitate the description of the invention. . Alth6ugh I have set forth and described 65 one proce-ss for producing my new product, it is obvious that variou s changes may made in the process or in the se arate ste thereof without, modifyin ?@ g or c angini 1, tg: essential features and characteristics 6't the products produced and that sueh products 7o remain substantially with the same desirable characteristics although modifications may be made in the appearance, texture and in physical and chemical -c haracteristics. I
