claim as new is:- 1. A wheeled vehicle in which the distanceg bet.,",een wheel-axes and all fixed points of the supported structlire are subject to variation, lio Pleans for mounting each wl-ieel for in ependent vertictl movement, and in which vehicle there is an intermediate axis in common for the wheels and supported striieture. the distances from s,,tid axis in commoii to 11,5 the Nvheel-axes -.Lnd to siich fixed points remaid ' substantially invariable. Ing 2 ' in a wheelecl vehicle in which the distances bet-ween wheel-axes and all fixed points of the stipported structure are subject to 120 variation, cushioning means interposed between such -wheel-axes and supported striieture, and in which vehicle there is an interiiiediate axis in common for the wheels and supported structure, the distances froiii said 125 axis in con-imon to the wheel-axes and to stich fixed points remaining substantially invariable. 3. In a wheeled vehicle, in which the distances between wheel-axes and all fixed 130

1,725,378 9 points of the supported struct-Lire are subject to variation, means for mounting each wheel for independent vertical movement, and in which vellicle there is an intern-iediate axis in common for the wheels atid supported strtiettire, the distances froiii said axis in common to the wheels-axes and to such fixed points reniainin,, substantially invariable, a gear liaving an axis coincidino, with aforeL7 10 said axis, ,tnd with respect to which gear-kis said wheels are also independently ova. m able. 4. In a wheeled vebiele in which the distances between wheel-axes and all fixed 15 pgints of the supported striiettire are stibject to variation, means for mounting eich wheel for independent vertical movement, and in which vehicle there is an intermediate axis in common foi the wheels and supported 20 structure, the distances fr6m said axis in common to the wheelaxes ancl to stich fixed points remaining substintially invariable, a steering member remote from the steering wheels and havin!z an axis coincidin with 25 afores,,tid axis. 5. In a wheeled vehicle in which the distances between wheel-axes and all fixed points of the stipported strtictiire are subject to vari,,ition, means for motintin- each wheel 30 for independent vertical movement, and in whicli vehicle there is an intermediate axis in common for the wheels and stippo rted structure, the disttnees from said ixis in common to the wheel-axes and to such fixed 35 points remainin- substanti,,tlly invariable, a control member remote from the wheels and baving an axis coincidinlo, with aforesaid axis. 6. Tn a wheeled vehicle in which the dis40 tances between wheel I -,,txes and all fixed points of the supported str-Lictur6 are su@lect to variation, means for mounting eac'h wheel foi- independent vertical movement, and in which vehicle there is an intermediate axis 45 in common for the wheels and supported structure, the distances from said axis in common to the -wheel-axes and to such fixed points remaining substantially invariable, It longitiidinallv movable shaft having an 50 axis coinciding'with aforesaid axis. T. In t wheeled vehicle in which the dist,,tnees between wheel-axes and ,ill fixed points of the supported st.rticture are sublect to variation, means for' otintin . o, each wheel 5r) for independent vertical movement, and in which vehicle there is an intermediate axis in conimon for the wheels and stipported stru6ttire, the distances from said axis in common io the wheel-axes and to slich fixed 60 points remainin- substantially invariable a tubular enclosing sha,fthaving an axis coincidino, with aforesaid axis. S. In a wheeled vehicle in which the distances between wheel-axes and all fixed 65 points of the supported structure,are subject to variation, means for mounting each wheel for independent vertical movement, and in which vehicle there is an interniediate axis iii coinmon for the wheels and supported @tructure, the distances from said axis in yo coiiiiiion to the wheel-axes and to such fixed poiiits reina-ining substantially invariable, t traiisverse enclosine, shaft havino, an axis coincidinc, with aforetsaid axis. n 9. In a wheeled vehicle in which the dis- 75 taiiees betw en wheel-axes and all fixed points of the suppoi-ted structure are subject to variation, means for mounting each wheel for independent vertical n-iovement, and in which vehicle there is an intermediate axis 8o in cOllIrnOn for the wheels and supported structure, the distanees from said axis in coiiiinon to the wheel-axes and to such fixed points renia,inin- substantially invariable, a transverse enclo;ing support haviiig an axis 85 coinciding with aforesaid axis. 10. In a Nvheeled vehicle in which the distances between wheel-axes and all fixed points of the stippoi@ted strtictlire are subject to variat ion, meaiis for iiiounting eacli wheel for go ind ependent vertical rnovement, and in which vel iicle there is an intermediate axis iin cornmo n for the wheels and supported structure, the distances from said axis in comnion to the wh eel-axes and to stich fixed points remaining 95 stib stantially invariable, a, housing enclosing a steering meinber, said ho-Lising having an axi s coinciding with aforesaid axis. 11. In a wheeled vebicle in wbich the distan ces between wheel-axes and all fixed points loo of the supported structure are subject to variat ion,, meaiis for motiiiting each wheel for ind ependent vertical movement, and in which ve hicle there is an intermediate axis in commo n for the -wheels and supported structure, lo5 the distances from said axis in common to the wheel-axes and to such fixed points remai ning substantially invariable, a trailsverse ho using enclosing t steering member, said ho using having an -@ixis coinciding with afore- lio sai d axis. 12. In a wheeled voiiele havin- a suppo rted struettire and steering linkage, sucu ve hicle bavin- an intermediate axis in commo n for the -@beels and supported structure, 115 the distances from said axis in common to the wh eel-axes and all fixed points of the supported structure ren-iaining substantially invaria ble, and such linkao-e comprising @n a link ba ving an axis coinciding with aforesaid axis. 120 1 3. In ,L wbeeled vehi@le baving a siipported structure and drivin- mechanism, such ve hicle having an intermediate axis in commo n for the wheels and supported structure, the distances from said axis in common to 125 the wheel-axes and all fixed points of the su pported striict-Lire remaining stibstantially inv ariable, and a member of the driving mechani sm having an ixis coiiicidin(y with aforesai d axis. 130

10 1,72.5,37,8 14. In a Avheeled vehicle haviii(y side-iiieinbers, a supported strticture ,ind coniiected steering iiiembel-s, ,ill Nvitli an a,,@is in coliiI)ION one of the steei@inonieiiibers llftvin(y an axis coincidino- xvi-th aforesiid axis and th,,it 'of othei- steei-iiig members. 15. In a @Nheeled veliiele, the coiiibinatioi-i of a suppoi,t, a pi-opeller Avheel i,ertically mov'alble independently of 6tlier -knheels, a steering 10 n-leiiiber, and a driving n-ieiiiber, the stipport aiid -wheel having ,in -,txis in conililoii, ,tnd both of said iilei-ilbers having an axis coincidiiig with afores,,tid axis. 16, Iii a foiir-wlieeled vehicle steering i5 inechanisiii coinprising means for maintaining t,he steei,ino- road Nvheels in parallel direetional )lanes -when the veliiele is travellilig in a lltrai(yht co-Lirse, ancl means for differentiatiiig the positions of the s-teerina ro,,id 20 wheels when the vehicle is tra,IT4elling, in a curved course, whereby the extended axi@Ci lines of all the road wheels always intersect a commoii vertical line, such verti-cal line forming the inomentary axis of rot@atioii. go 17. In a wheeled vel-iiele in whicli the distances betiieen wbeel-,,txes ,tlid all fixed points of the supported struettire are subject toVqrittion, i-iieaiis for inotintiiig each wlieel for independent vertic,,tl movemeiit, and in 30 which there is @qn interii-iedi,,tte axis in comtnon for the ivheels and supported striictiire, il-ie distg nees from s,,tid axis in common to the wheel-axes and to such fixed points remiining subst,,tntially invariable, a gear and steer35 ing rnember laaving ,txes coinciding witli each other and -v@,ith ,tforesaid axis and with respect to which s,,tid wheels are also independently movable. is. In ,t wheeled vehicle in wl-iieli tl.-ie dist,,tnees between wheel-,axes and all fixed poiiits of the supported structure are slibject to variatioii, means for mounting e,,tch wheel for independent irei@tical iilovement, and iii which tl-iere is an intern'lediate txis in COI'IIMOII for 45 ihe wheels and stipported struettire, the distances from said axis in common to the wlieel,txes and to stich fixed points rem,,iinill,- stibstadtially inv,,tripble, a gear and control member h,,tving axes coiiiciding ivith each other 50 and witli tforesaicl ,Lxis and -with respect to ivliieh said wheelis are also independently movable. 19, In a wheeled vebiele in -which the disto,nees between -,vheol-,@txes and all fixed points 05 of the supported structure are si-ibiect to v,,tIriation means foi- iiiountino@ each wheel for independe-Tit vertical inovement, ancl iii which there is an it-itermediate axis in common for the -%vheels and suppoi-ted strlicture, the disso ttnees from soid -,) xis in common to the wheelaxes aiid to stich fixed I)oints remaining substantially invari,,tble,'a sli aft, i gear ard steering me-Tnber 1- iaving axes coinciding -",ith each other anci with aforesaicl ,txis ,iiicl with respect to. wh.ich shaft, gear and steering m6mber said wlieels are also independently illovable. 20. In a vehicle, a shaft transverse of the vehiele and free to oscilltte -witli respect to the stipported vehicle struct,-Lire, and a gear 7u turilable oii said sh,,tf-t. 21. In a vehicle, a shaft traiisverse of the veliicle aiid free to oscillate with respect to the stipported vehicle strtiettire, ancl t sprocket -",heel ttirnable on s,,tid shaft. 75 22. In a vehicle, a shaft transverse of the vehicle and free to oscilltte -with respect to the supported vehicle structure, and a steering member having an axis in commoia -with the axis of said sh,,tft. 80 - 23. In a vehiele, a shaft transverse of the vehicle and free to oscillate with respect to the sui)ported vehicle structure, and a control member having an axis in common with the axis of said sl-iaft. 85 24:. In a wheeled vehicle, a platform, a m,,Lin transverse shaft supporting the platform. ,tnd springs, one of which is forward of and spaced from said sha-ft and another of which is rearward of and spaced from 90 said sliaft, both resiliently cooper,,tting to maiiitain the frame iii a floating manner on ,i relatively even keel. 25. In a wheeled vehicle, a platform, a main transverse shaft pivotally. supporting 95 t-he platform, and spring means for maint,,tinin- the platform resiliently in a floating manner on a. relatively even IKeel. 26. Iii a wheeled vehicle, a, platform, means for pi-votally s-Lipporting the platform in a 100 floating manner, and resilient stabilizing means for m@,tintaining the platform o-n a relatively even keel. @)7. In q wheeled vehicle, a, platform, means for piv6tally supportinl, the platform, and 105 resilient means slippler@enting the support f-Liriiished by the supporting means, adapted conjointly with said supporting means to support the plttform on a relatively even l@eel. 110 28. In a wheeled, vehicle, supporting wheels verticilly movable independently with resp6et to each other, in combination with a. platforin, and metns for slippdrtin - o- the pl,,itform from said wheels to m,,Iin- 115 ta'l@n it on an eveiikeel; notwithst-andino- the said independency of movement of the -wheels. 29. A vehicle ha-ving road wheels laterally spaced from each other, a slipported 120 body, means for molinting the body so as to be positivelv tilted -when the wheel is tilted, and me,@ns -for preventino,, the shoc'k of road obstructions from causing siieh tilts. It Is lat_ 125 30. In % vehicle having rol d whee ertlly s rom each other and a s-Lipported E"Olcdyl, fthe combination of a rigid !,,tteralconnection between said body and road wheels whereby the entire vehicle is tiltled when a wheel is tilte-d, and resilielit "O

1,725,378 means for absorbin- the shock of road ob- 32. A motor vehicle having a resiliently structions. supported motor and four road wheels, means 31. In a spring-suspended vehide hav- whereby the tilting of one road wheel causes 10 ing more than two road wheels, a frame, a positive and corresponding tilting of the a body and means for causing a positive tilt- motor. ing of the entire vehicle when a road wheel is tilted. GEORGE C. SNYDER.

Patented Au-. 20, 1929. 117259378 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. GI@ORGE C. SNYDER, OF NEW YORK, N, Y. VEHICLE. Applic@atkoii f;.'@ed Octobei, 26, 1925. Se,.'ial No. 65,012. The pi-esciit itivelitioil relates luo vehicles iii ,-eiiei,al, bu'L-1 iiioi-e pai-ti-culai-ly to veliieles pi.opelled by foi-ces othei- than the liause-Lilar T POIN,e,. 01- Avel(rlit of a i-ii certain re1 spects this applicitior, 'neludes novel pi,inciples disclosed in iiiy copeiidiii,,y applicatioii Sei@ial No. 47,061, fil(,@d Jiily 30tii., 1925, in that tlae @-:al(,l applicatioii discloses ,t shaft siij)ported by 'ionaitudiiial sicle-r@ieiubers whicli i t) are oscill-,t@ible transve@- sely of the sh,,tft, sucli sliaft, being located between the pi@opLilsior,iiiitiatip-, @i-ieans and a prol)eller wlieel, b-.@t bein(,y iii tliit applicitio,.i u@il;lzed dii-ectly III the pi'oplilsioji of tl@e vehicle. -LNoi,el feattires aii'd priiic'ples iic)t diselow(l iii thc,, gai,,l copei,lding april.icatioii are disclosod in the folloavijig dese,.--Ipt-loii 6T pi-eferre.,'L ,@i7iiLod-ineiits Ttie wlieels of- -L-be iiiipi-oi-ecl veliiele ai-c, 20 illoLiiite(I in foi-l@s cari@ied by ;"our side-pieces Nvhlch ai-e pivotc-cl, and oselliite, pi-efei.,,,i,bly It oi a liorizoiita@. transvoi-se s-'Liaft located midwav betnyeeii the front and i-eai, pairs of Eacli Vront side-piece is so moti!il,ed 25 on @.,,ail sbafl thqt it, tol)@ethe, with a i-e,,tr s;ld(,-plece, constl--t,,ite a i-esilieiit side-illeiiiber, the i-esilie-ne-v bein(,- due pi-efei-ably to t helical spriii,,- 1-riountecl on the ilip-mber -%vhere it is adap@ed to resijien'Lly cai-ry the car bo -'y c@ and loa(i si:tpported on the ti,,iiisve,,-se slia-Ft. The -froiit -@ncl re,@ir pieces of each sut,-h ber ape joi.tied i,,, the i-iciiilty of tht, sliaft. ',).,feiabIN by a hin-e-like coniiection -Niliet-e in tlio, sha,"t ieprese,,its the I)in of IC-he 3,,, Olic of the sicte-pleces -is e,- @tended si-fficiently bei,ojid the sbalt t,) pi-ovicle an extensioi,@ -wfiicli is si)aced fi-om '(-'lie othe,@, side-piece tc, a sl)i,ii,,., I C[-ishio-). or 'iie like, wliieh I's iaioi,,-,.itecl p c@erably as sboavn iii the dri.wso I-liat iylien a r,,),,id ol)slrtiction iolts 0,-,t,-, or b(t'@i of !-lie -Nvlieels - which stil)port ti-ie the Sl)l-ino- is coitii)ressed, little ol-- no jolt or movei-i-ient bci--io@ cari,i--d 4]o the bc)O,y of 'lie, cai.- thro,,i,@@li the transvei-se sliaft. 4.@) The ei-ilii@ewei-(,,hi-, of the vel-iiele, ,tpart li-om tli@3 ivheels a-ic.1 siOie-mom@ers, is siippoi-teci oi the s'ila--',t tliroiigli the meditiri of ,t i)litfoi-m or fraine. One e@-id of the pl.,,ttfo@'ll'i is silll)poi-tecl t)y iesilierit iiiembers ciri-iecl by the tivo a,-I@,,teeiitside-pieces. These i-iieiiabo,r.11 opel ate iii coniiinction -,vith ,i +hird rec;ilient meniber Nvl-iieh is connectecl witb t!-t,@ otlier two side-pie,-es tlrough tl-ie meo'.- tie transverse slaaft. These tbree n(,mbers i.yi com.binlq,tioti flln(,tio Ti as stabilizei-s wliieli illailit-ain the plitl,'O aiid its load "floating" on an "even keel"' iri i-elation to the road, as they absorb the road jolts iiiiparted to the wlieels in such iiianetically eliniinate the loii(,itu- 60 iiet- as to pra n diaiil i-ockin,), now common to autoinobiles. Ft,,i'-Lheriiiore, as the frame and body are suppoi-ted tliro-Ligh the transverse shaft oii aild betwen resilient side-l-nenibei-s iiistead of direc tly over spi-iligs, the restilt is that the 65 'liansA7ei-se i-ockin(r also coiiiluon to prevailiiitypes of autoniobiles is likewise eliii:iliiat ed so tliorou-hly that the wei,),ht of three n zn oi, foui- iiieii on one sicle runiiin(Y-board causes oiiI A, t bai@elv pei-ceptible depressioii of tlle 70 bo dy. No oije of these desirable conditions is ])r esc,@jit iii the pi-evallin- t3,pe of a'Litomobile. 'r lie eise of i-idincr @nd safetv tlius obtaiii ed are -'t'iirther enhanced tlii@ou(yli the fact tha t tile above-described system of suspell- 75 sio n adn,,its of a much lower flooi- level, and t' itis a I oivei- ceiiter of gravity, while usiii,,, LI roa d wheels of unustially large diaineter. The iievt pi-iiiciples allow a t-eturn to large road wli eels, even such diameters as were formerly 80 us ed "@i tl-ie fiiier carriages, for the obviotis re,. tson that large wheels roll more easily tiia -.i siyiall ojies over obstrtictions. The iise of lai-crer diaiiieter road wheels, zn to( yethei@ with the resiliedey of the above-de- 85 scr ibed siispensio-,i, gives a mtich greater degr ee o'l. i-idin(, coinfort than ever before kn ow-,i iiot only witliout iisin(, balloon tires, b-- ,@E eveii witliout tising pneumritic. tires at all, soli(I i-ubber tires being entirely ade- go qti ate. The coinmon autoniobile is also subject to obj ection,,ible side-sway, for two principal rea sons: (a) The hioh ceiiter of grayity or to]) -liea-viness causes uiidtie swav above the 95 flo or-line, jtist as t-he sway in tb@ crow's nest of ,i ship is i-nany times more noticeable than o,-q deck. (b) The seeond reason, wbich is i.)i'odLictive of constant and irritating sway aid vibi@ation in ordinary cars, is that the loo fi-ame, with its engine and body, pa--sengers vnd carao, tre et@tirely supported on long le-cif sprinas ,i.pd shaeliles, which are inherently unable to prevent side motion of these -1 OT1 105 (yreat -Nvel(,hts iii relation to the axles whicli the springs are niounted. No prac t;lcablo niea-Tis has been fotind for preventin,(r this side-flexiiig and twistino, movement of - ,uclt sprin. 4s ,tncl their sh ackle-cojinections. Tbpse two fakilts (a) P!Ild@ fb) co mbine to 11-0

2 1,725,378 limit, ti-ie preseiit type of atitomobile to a 1)1.imitive cle,(-ree of riclin -ifort -Llie impi-oved velilele -11,7oiCIS fatilt (ci) tli@z@)u--li ligning a iiiiieli loii,or center of tliin is possibic,, Ailiei-e ,in axle is use(I -eai. v@,heels as bc,tA@,eeii tli(@ i i iiieaiis of prosjch ivheellp,, as is roiv common practlco,, I-)ectluse in sucli cases the (lifferenti,.tl, axles aii@t hotisin(r i-iiiist be on ,i strtight line 10 ivith tl,,e centers of the Nvheels aiicl on the lioush-i(-,- wheel the spriii(,s are M(tilitecl i@,hicli sul)poi@t 'LI-.ie fram-, Avitli the enaine, bocly ancl loqcl. This axle @trrin(,-eillent prei,eiits ,iiiy L-c-,i,ily low-slun- bocl@l-, be15 cause this 1,,ousin(-v ivitf@ its bulb-l@@ike o-enter, iiiust be 'Li-ce to lyion,e ul) ailcl doivii over rotlffh roacls ivithotit striking ,(Yai,-st the frame. As t@iiis freecloiii of i-iioveiiient mtist be gi,e,,tt) the bottom of the E-aiiie mtis-t b-I -li7 hio-h above the txle. 20 gluiio; coiiil)ar,,itivi, , Incicle,,it,,tl to slich positioniiig of these lieivily holisc-d iiiechinistiis is th- wear an(-l tear tiley get throu@?,,h i-oact slioelcs. This is ,,voided iii the i,eliiele, ivliieh ].ills 2,5 lO t,xle at all bet@veeii -,@,,,-heels ancl iihich thc,rc-fore !)el..Mits loiicriii- the Lo(Ty to a--,iy @Lesil@o,cl lioints. As to the f aiilt (b) ivliieli is i-@ihoron-1, iii t'ile, co,iimon ty I)e of automobi'Le, the iii-iprovecl vehicle elimin,-ttes this 'Ur,-)uble coiiipl-lt(@Iv ii-i a Slilll)le and ecoiaoiiiical fishioii. T'ilo bo@ty IS FVL])p6rtecl alil-)ro7Lz-im,,itely miclivay or its !(.,--@icrth on % tr,,tiisvei'se shatt whiel-i is iixe,.l to ile Side-members in such maniiei- tlif-,t no I)-love, -iic of '(he body to or aiyay froiii stieli iiie.iiibei-s is possii,)Ie. As to tho stisl)e@isi-,)n spri-ticrs iTi the iij,iproved volilele,, they are, preforal)ly all he'lic,,Ll ii. c'.i,,ira(!tei-, mo,,ins low cost "ncl loiil(, I-jfe, aiid m,,iiiiier of their mc)u,.itin(- of i-io sicle-s@iay wh,,Ltev.r. Moi@eover, tv,,istii)g strains, iil@iieli are ,t common c,itis@, of s@,)rino;s, at@e iinpossibl(-, -witli, the helical si)rin-S. The lini,)rove(I spr,.Ilo, 4,5 SlISPOnsiOn is i)roL"c@i,abll, Iiiiaito(I to coiaipa-,@a'Li@r(,,Iy liglit and siiipl@ lielic,-@l springs 4@or (,xaml)l(, of phosphoi, ]@ro--,Ize, cheaply tnd "'@li'll)ly -@-,,oii-,id i,,ito ioriii, easily asso--ii--aot siibiect :to breaki(ye, i)ecitise si)ri-tigs alle riiotiii@L-ed so 'Uliat 'Uhey ecinii(t 'De ('011-17,1.ess-,d or exi-,anclc-d excel)t aloiig axiil lines.@ (1-@or better illustrati.on, k@lie spi@ings are slioiin not hotised ip. the dra@itino-s 11-6i-eiiiai'ter roferrecl to.) These 05 s-@,-,i-ings tberetore cani'lot b-I t-wistecl or (leforined; ilurthermore, they cannot be broken in uso. because iiie,,tns are providecl to pi-event their fi'ex,@n,- beyond a poin,@- T,,ir -,vi-thiia c,,I@istic Tho prevaill,@i,- type of Go aiitoiiiob;-Ie, hoivever is not ,td,,tptecl 'c-o tlle tise of tl-io helical s rings as th-e rincipal stisp p pf-,nsion. Obviously, in coiinection ivith this improved sl),,!ing arra--,Vement, the oil reqtiire15 iiient is I)ractic@illy nil. T@i e fi-Olit S4 Cl@iD,-Z -VI--eelS ,ire aJa-f)e-,l t,@ ))c stc-erc(l by t' e tli.roug,,I-i t hancl ste,@r-1i)-- -iv'ileel of t!ie oi-diiiai@y clesi-n inanipuI -eglilir maiinei-, tii(i as any coiiiI te(i 'ii 'clic i 'UV,)(, of iiio@,or may be ttsed iii conj7Ltnc11 'ith co-@it c)ls for ,ILitch, brali@,@s 'io -k,, t r arcl -car-sb.@.Tt, di@ii,(,r -L'al-niliar @vith cars -.,iow i,@l use li,,@,s noll ing new to Ile,,,i,n in oi-Oer It-o proi)erl-@ drive the i-.iii)rovecl 75 Illliile ',-lie hitid steei-ino- ivlieel is of the co.ITIIII("Il type, tlio coinbinatioii of i-iie,,ins oriiI)Ioyed T-or coia.-iocting tli-at ii,lieci iitith the fro-@it, i-oacl ,viieels to s',Ie--r the latte,-r- is enLi-ko,,-)tliersteerin4ys3rsuems.this so n,@iv Fystei-ii ip, closicy-,iatecl to ,Lutom@qtically c,,ttiS@' tll,- front wheel to turn -on t lessei- 1,,,tcliiis thap- the outsicl-I front wii,,@cl cloes, -@,@hcii tho vehicle is ro-,.inOing a ey[i-v-a, this -Tie,,7 steeri. Sy t,-,m 85 -i@y s i-s sci-p@'uificallv correct in its theory -Dd ii-@ AV ,cetii-ate ;n its ope!7at,ion, as ill b,-:, i--,i de@all loter, ivh,.Ie the steerill"" systelli no@v Iil VO(Ttie is idmitl-eclly i i oi,,, r. 90 The iMl ).C(",Ve,-l 1,Tehicle nee(Is no universal joi-ii-ts oT ivhetlier chain or sli,,ift Oit;-vca is Ftii-'L-herlilore, in the improi,e-,l v,,,Iilclo the cliffereiltial @-s mounted rio, clly ii,- cio,,@o cep-jun-,@tioii Yvicl-i 'the transmission, 95 li)-d ,ill on one plgtform, so tl-io is constantly @in a Lixed at@-,ii ivi4-h tliesp- vi@@ql pti,+.s of the po-,ver sys@l-eni, slti@-io- in the ordiiiary bc'Liveeii tl-ie tavo rear iib els, ioo luh its !Aoi y metal liousincr, i'L is Yhere,, w'-' v z@ gubjec',ed -Lo coi-ist,,,nt @,Lbtise throu,-h roacl -- 1,, c c k s. '-TrL -Lhe neA@T veliicl,-. Iier-, beip-g n,-) wliecls, etch repr ivileel is dr@ii-k@il i,,@s @Ai,n 'Li(,Yllt bu'u posi- lo5 t@ve In F,,,ich iiia-qnei- that no-Tie of the 1),,i-..,ts ca-i I)iim,) tht,, fr,,tiiie or boclv, I-Aol-,T I'ltio.li t-i-e .-oad-q. TI, tlle llilpr,)Vf-lc- tlle s iii ,t "zo-iie Cf c lel,c 110 no sl-resses 'eiiding to ts ('(@.qi-s C)ut ci pi-o,,)ei@ i-,iesli ANi_'u-ii e,,cl-i otl-iei-. A7011i","e i-@IV(, p-l.iiicii)les ,,re tiici-O is oi-ic olitfili,,@v@ic-@,,,-,-@i-,,@',@-'Ie ia@ii-leii "Licne@ cs,,ibl,-, tlllc,, a,,Ivt-,)tz@5-res montioned a.,iO, i)aaTl-%7 (tlierf@ t,) 1)e cle.7 tl-ic ax;ls ol ,ixial line of - tn 'L-V,") 120 i-yieii!" iviii-ch @.s iiiiL-,-Iated t hroi-,,(,,Ii a i-,nit motiiatOCT ii fi,--CecL rol-,) ',-io@-i @-vit't tli'.' ',)la',--! ovii-i silppo-,--teci o-,l ,@aici iDd ivii@-ch -js li-,ikeci V,'@n-y not ii-L siic'ti PI, for tl-ii@ rpoge of the 125 1 "I 1)art, ,iius'Ll -Litilize the a:@is of tli,,, si-iai,@Ic-, as a--ii intei-n-iecii,,t.-y elliannel bet-v.7eei-i @ e 1,@lltiatior. o-f tile inovement Ind i'Ls coii-iplc,,tion. This i-, tti.,, case i,,i connection - %Yit]). I)otli 1)1-0piilsion a,-id steei-ing of t@-,.e vehicle. It is ob- 130

1,725,378 3 vious that the utilization of this axis as sueli iiitei-iiiediary n-iakes at once attaiiiable a Iiig'li de@),ree of aectiracy aiict a low deoree of frictioii. These advantages ai-e i-iot fc;tind iii ,5 any otlier type of vehicles hav,'.ri(y a sprin(Ysulspended body, because iio otliei, pioi, ides -a tot-,illy netiti-al poii-it or Iiiie, s-Lieli as this axis. Bi-oac[ly, this axl,,tl liiie sei@i,-es in coniiec@ion 'tll the impt-oi-ed vehicle as a i-ei-'tal)le cle,,ti-- Ni- I io iiio,- holisf, or cential oflice tbroligli NN-Iiie'ii to pass ilie,,Iiiii.'teal iiioveiiieiits, aii(i iii the pei-To,-iiiaiiee of this fuiietion It atitoiiiaticaII3, rendei-s those iiio-veiiieiits scientifically correct. i5 The i,ital iiiipoi-tance of tlle axis of the t,.-ansA,erse sliaft i-vill be understood wlici-e 't serves as aii iiitei-med;-ai-y of tlie I)oii@eitiansiiiissi-on systeni as illusti-ated, aiid Avitli sucli constant accui-acy as to iii,,tke any s'Lati@t20 ard type of silen'L- eliain clrive practical in tllls coiiiiectioii. it will be seen tli,-,t the pi-opelielAvheels -",hei-i travellinr iiiust aSSLlille coiistaiitly vary;.iig i@elations with the because ivhile these iiheels bQb Lip and CioAA,ii the en25 (-ine iiiiiiitaiiis a co pai,at'i,ely stable positD i-i-i 1 tion. Tliese conclitions ai-e 1.1'ke titose iviiieli exist when the en-ine is i-notliited iii the inii,nei- coliji-non to autoiiiobiles. Hoivevei-, in such autoti,,iobiles power is transia-iitted fi-olli 30 tli ' e engine to tlie.L-ear wheels by a celiti,al lon'tlid'nal di,ive-shaft iv,'t' uii'versal joints, tlirotigl@i a difrereiitiil distaiitly reinove(I -@!roiii 'lie source f ei-iei-gy and liun,, -L LI 0 cy ivliel,c, t--CL @Lo shocks Lnd sti.ains. 35 in the iiiil)i-ovecl velilele, on tl-ie othei- liai-id, the 'Lal is iyiouiited close to the ti@.insiiiission, aiicl the eiagine, ge,,ii- cise and differeii'L-'Ial liotisilig inay be all solidly bolted to--etlieL-. or iiaay be c,,@.st as a unit. Sttibbed 40 lateral sliafts exte.-idiii,,- fi-oiii the difTereii',I-i,,Il arc, iised as ti-ansliiission shafts sl)i-ocl,@ets or geai,s v@-Iiicli are connected to otliei- spi-ockets oi- ge,.ti,s iitliich i-evolve on the 1 iiialii lui,a,@isvet-se sl,,aft, arotind the ax'al Iiiie 45 (cleariii(Y-lioiise). IA'Itli i chain drive sucli connections iii-,iy Lc inade tlirough li'linor chains, aid Ayitli a shaft di-ive (iiot shown liel-el I)tit i@-Iiieli I ivill cover by a pateiit apI)licat@ion now in preparation for filin-), 50 tlirougli ilitei,iiiediate geai-s. Iiii the cli,,tin cli'i,e the sl)ro,,- I,:ets oii the maiii sliaft ai-e of coui-se coiinected by the major clial,-ls vtitli the sprocl,:ets on tl,,e rc@ar hubs. In such sh,lift drive, on t ie ot ier liand, t e (yeai-s on 55 the niaiii shaft in turn act-Liate indepen(lent straig, 1, @, a,-id solid clrive-sliafts, each of ",hicli drives a i@ear ivheel 'UhroLigh -. ter--Lniiial pliaion ivhicli, through a geai- iiiounted on the rear wlieel hti-.U, driies saicl wiieel in a positive iviy, 60 all these i-,ientioiied (Yeai-s beiny liloiiiite(I with ball and roller beariiigs within properly degned hous'ngs. The axle of each rear wheel, beinc, in aiiy case a iiiere stub, is relativo,ly siyial-L @-,nd li(,Yht, and is remoi,,tbly keye(-l '35 to the itheel, which is positiojied ivitliin a foi,l,-, this fori@ beiiig, in the case of the shaft cli,iA,e, vertical and pil,oted at the head. At no tiiiie ai-e Stich axles subjectecl, to aiiy strain ten(Iiii(,r to clistoi-t theiii or tlleir beai-in@"s, aii(I they ar,,@ iiot subjected to iiiidtie I)enclin(- 70 s'tj-(@s,@es, @is the wel,-Iit of the cti- is cirried the foi-ks to axle bcai-ill(ys close to Z!l Z7 I)olli s'tdes of each wlieel. Avhile iii t@ie cise of t' e sla't tl-ie 'iinvai-d exteiisions of the LI t Cl 1 I axl.es cai-ry no Aveii- it otliei- tli,iii tlie. iloiis- 75 in(@-s coiita,"niii(,, the liglit pi-nions and sliaft tails. By virtue of the presence of a iieutral transiiei-se axis i,.i the ;Iriipioi,ed vehicle the steerin(y of the vehicle is perfect,ed throu,,,,h so ineelianic-ql moveiiients ti-ansmittecl and -ovei-iied i,,,itli precision, so that Nylion the hicle ve is travelliiig iii ,t straight liio the steerill(Y I i-oad wlieels are in parallel directional planes, aiid wlien the dii-ection of ti-avel of t-lie vebi- 85 cle is jiot straight, then the extended axial lines of all the i-oad ivheels of the vehicle tlways intei-sect ,t coiiiiiion vertical line, the vei'tictil line foi-ming the nioifleiitary axis of i-ot@t 00 , tion. T-Ti steerin- the i,,iii)t-ovecl vehicle there is iiijtiated tlirougli the haiid steering wheel., in tlieoi-clinary maiiiiei-,a iiioveineiit -Nvhich,after passing tliroii(-h a iaoriii or the lili:e, is iransiiilttecl tli.i-ougli a lever acting on a rod axially 9-5 housed witliin the tubtilar iiiain transverse shaft. This ll'n]@age is adal)ted to move the axial rod literally -of the vel@icle, in one direetion or the other, in answei@ to the turning of the hand steei-iii(y wheel to the ri(ylit or 100 p tn left . Tlie exti-eiiaities of the rod are near the e-,ids of the transverse, shaft, and are piovidecl witli slots annular to tli@ rod, the ( enei-al directioli of tlle slots beinol, inclined 9 wic ii i-espect to the axis of the rod. The 105 op posi.te ivalls of each slot are equidistai-it fro iii each other, wliieh relalu-ioiisliip serves to positivelv ,Ind correctly guide ,c ineinber s f, the iiieii-ibers being siiu-ly coiiflil ed witliin the slots. Eacli member is the 110 teiininal of a pivotally supported levei-, the op posite end of ivhicii has cable connee@ions ad apted (,o s'L-eer a roacl wlieel, so that NNhen the slotted ti-ansN,-ei-se i,o(I .s' nioved qlong its txial line. a coefficien'u iiiovemeiit of the 115 road steel-iiio- wlicel occurs. Obviously, if tLe slots iii the rod li,,td straiglit litle faces @-it i-iglit angles to the rod's axis, the road ste(-,-ring wlicels ivould each be turned to the saiiie degree as the other. If. again, these 120 slots liad sti-aight lir,.e faces inclined with i-espect to the rod's ix's, the inclination of the angle of stieli faces n-tight be plotted to result in a positive steering of t'ile vehicle ivith a degree of accuracy siii4il,,ir to that 125 of the ordiiiary trtpeze arrangement of steer'lig 1',,ikage above. Ho-@iever it will be observed froii-i the (Irawings referred to later on that in the iiiit)royed vehicle the slots in the axial r!Dd, ivhile being inclined with re- 130 in each lo zn

4 - 1,725,378 spect to tl-ie rod's axis, do not h@t-ve such straiglit line faces, btit instead each slot is p ciirved the ettri,atlire, in ractice, be'ng ac cur,.ttely c,.iletilitecl aiid stitpe(I '@o provide 5 for cot@rect steej.-iiig Avitho-Lit slippa(-(, or rot@l ftiction tlirou(-Ii properly di ffereii'Li,it,iii(@- tlic, i)ositioi-is of the ro,,id steeriii,- Ailieels witli i-espect i.o e,-tch otlier at all tiiiies, ivli,@ther the A,,ehiele is ojri a strtight io oicurved cotirse. To slim ul) the advaiit,,,@(-es in 'Ulie iiew vehi-cle: Thesc, aic of taio iiitin elisses, ecoiioriiy alid coiiifort. Froiii the st,,t-- @idpoint @of ecoiioiiiy, the eiiiiiination ol@ 7Liiiivers,,il J'oliits i5 results in the o-i@eat s,,ti,ii-io, iii poaver aboi,e rei!eii@ed to, ia,ith ,i ftii-thc@r savii-i@r tlii:ouo-h the li(ylltell. coiistitictioii of ti-,c, car itsell@. 'rlie ell.,iiinatioii of leat@ spr,.ngs Iesults in a lai-,,-e sttATiiio, botjl i-n fii@st cost and Lip20 1,:eop. Agtin, the uniqtte stispension obvilates the necessity of pnouiiiatic tires, iiiakiii,,- posible ,t gi.@eater deo-rc@e o-L' i-idiii s g com@ort than befoi@e l@iioAi,-n iiliilc, iisino- aii iiiexpensive t@fpe oi" tiie. T( soiiie the chief appeal of 25 the iiiipi-oied veliiclc, Avill be its uneqtiallecl ridin(v qtta-lities, and to otliers, its econoi-tiy; btit, ti-om the above descriptioii i-ts ge-aci-@il superi6rity is clear. The above b,-ing -liiiong the objects aiid 3o aclv@,intages of the present iiivention, the saine consists of cort,,Lin fe,,Ltures of constriietion aiid combinations of p,,L@ts to be hereinafter doseribed in coilnection ivith ,t preferi-ed embodiment of the iii-ven'uion and then 35 claiiiied, in ivhich drawings: Fig. 1 is a top pl,,Ln vle,"7 of the vehicle, a portion thereof at the ri(yhl,- being shown in longiti-idiiial section; Fig. 2 is a side elev,@ttioii of the ch,,tssis 40 on line 2-2, Fig. 1, the eiigine, etc.) being oinitted; Fig. 3 is t tr,,Lnsverse section as viewed froni the rear@ on the 1-ine 3-3, Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is ,t front elev,,ttion, parts being an 45 bi-ol@en lines ,tnd parts in f till lines, showil-1-a front -",heel as hlving struck an obsti--Lictioii in the roadway; Fi,ol-. 4a is a perspective view of the froiit forli:, pai@ts broken aiiay; 50 Fig. 5 is ,tn enlarged vertical sectional elev,ition,illtist,rating a spring coiinection -lii tlile veliiele; and Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the vehicle, the bocly being shown in broken lines, and the I rear 55 right -v@,lieel being shonvn as havi-Lig striicl,- aii obstruction. It should be distinctly understoocl that so f ar as there are b - ,sic novel f ea'uures disclosed herein iihich are in coliilllon witli aforesaid 6o application, Serial No. 4t,061, filecl July 30th, 1925, those feattires are reserved for the present application. The objects and advantages of a preferred form of the invention have already been de65 scribqd herein in general, and such preferred f orm of the invention -will no-w be (lescribecl in (letall. TI -ie vehicle liocl ), I for carryi--Lic, passengers, c,,irgo, eLe., is iiiout-ited on a platf oriii to be de eribed later on. The sti,uct-Lire to be st-,p- 7o ported, .@ueli as body I or the like is carried by such platforiii which in tur-,i is oscillatably iiiotinted on a central trp@nsverse ttibul,,tr shaft On the eiid poi-tions of ttibtil,,tr shaft 2 ai@e n-iounted loii,!,,iti-idinal sicle 75 iiieiiil)ors 9,, 3a clearly froni the as seen niore plaii., Fig. 1. S,,,,ch gide iiieiiibers i-nay be of any suitable const,@!tictioii aocapted -@lor the iiitended purpose ,tncl each comprises a front side piece 4 50 aiici t rear side piece 5, so tllat there -.re two f roiit side pieces 4 ancl two rear side pieces 0, iiiiieli inclepeiclently carry the f ront -wheels 6, 6,1 ancl the re,@Lr wlieels 7, Ta. The front Avh-,els are eacli supported by a 85 T-oi-l@ 8 ivliich extends 1.)referably in a line ver'icallv above the front -wlieel axle 81, which i@@ firiiily ftxed iii the IoNver en(,l of the foi-l-, 8. The forks 9 for the rear wheels '@, 7", are sho Nvn as the re,@ir portions of the rear side pieces 00 5 and tl-iey extend in stibstat-itially horizontal I)Ianes ivith the sti-ib, axles of the reaiwheels. 'rhe respective front side pieces 4 and re,,ir side pieces 5 may oscill@ite on the sliaft 2 so tllat each of the front and rear 95 ivheels may @ndependently oscillate. Inasiiiucli as this is t preferrecl Construe'Lion, adiaiitage of this prinei-.o-le of construction is iiiade use of- by a helical spring 10, ope at each side of- the vehicle. Preferably these 100 springs aile of helical forma'uion for reasons hei,etofore given. As seen more clearly from the pl,,tn, Fig. 1, each fi.@oiit side piece 4 is provided -vvith a rearward extension 11, and thes,- rear ex- 105 tensions are spaced froiii the respective portions (to be 1,,tter described) of the re,,tr side pieces 5 by iiaeans of spacer blocks lla, Nvliieh iiiay be secured to the rear side pieces 5, so that tl-ie front side, pieces 4: and the rear 110 side pieces 5 may each have oscillation independent of the other side pieces -Nvith a iii'niiiiiiiii of friction upoii each other and without interference. Each of the forl@s of the front steering 115 'vvheels, 6, 6a iS pi-ovided -with a he@tcl 12, each fork beinu secured to its corresponding liead at 12a as by br,-Lzing or otherivise. Upwardly and centrilly fi,oin eacli head 12 there e2@- tends a stem 13. The upper end of each stem 12( 13 is sci-ewthrea(:Ied to receive a cap-nut 14 which is screwed thereonto and when it is screwed home on the reduced screw-threaded portion of the stein and against the larger portion of the stem, the nut establishes such a 125 snug yet loose relation between the head 15 and the stein 13 as to permit a free turning moven-ient of the corresponcling front steering wheel on the vertical axis establisheci by the stem 13. One advaiitage gained by this con- 130

1,725,378 structioii is that it restilts in supporti-rg the corei-sponding poi-tion of tlle ive@,,Iit of Iklie vehicle directly ovei@ the center of eacli front wheel axle 8,1 and allows for steering such wlic@els witli a iiiiiiiiiauiii of friction at the steni 13, a,iid withotit imposing strains u on the I p steei-iii,, Iiiil@a,,-e whicli are occasioned in the autoii:iol)i,es iiow prevailin-- on accotii-it of the steerin(,, l@@nuckles being at the sides of the 10, froiit wliecls. The heads 15 befoi-(@iiieiit@-oned are at the forward ends of the itpii, -ai-dly extendiiig portions of the fi-o,.it side pieces 4. Keyed or otherwise securecl to each foi-ksteii,i 13, is a grooved steerino,, ptilley 16 pref15 ei-ably foi-med as a collar slipped onto and then seciired to the stem, stieli ptilley being located in an opeii portion or mouth on eacii head 15, to wliieh there is sectired a suit able liousin(- 17 for I enclos'ng the ptilley. These 20 housings exclude the dilist and dirt froiii the inovino, parts within tlieiii. llel'ei-riiig aaal'n 'Lo tli e i-eai- exteiisioiis 11 of the front sic'te pieces 4, eacii o--L' said rear extelisiolis is provided witli ztji tipwai-dly ex25 teiidiii(,, ai-iii 18, fi,olti t'ile Lippei' eiid of whic li thei-c ex@ends rearwirdly ,i Itt,,- 19 ivililil-i is pi-ovi(le(I witii t tlil-eaded eye 20, to be lateiovi i-e-'L'eri-ed 'Co. Tiie i-ei'll' sicle pieces 5 ai-e eael-i p---,e-ELei,ably coii:ipose(L of plates 21, '-)2 set 30 oii c(ige iii vei-tical plaiies aiid t'ile forw,ard edges o-'i t'llese pl@ites 21, 22 prefei-ably exten(I iiito vertical slots 22,,, foi@iiied in the rear. ides (>f beai,'Il(r 'I)Iocl@s s 1 n 221 whicli are ' 'dly sectired 'n sti'tal-)Ie iiiablier to the i-igi ,35 l'i-oiit side pieces 4. Pi-efel-itbly eicii 1)1,ite 21, 22 is i-(,,lnforeeLl by t tlil(@kei- IeillfOl-Cin"' pl@ite rigici,t@ T I-ivete(,l tliej.-eto aiid extenditi(- ()ii(- itiiciiiiaj'ly iTNJtli it. Eacli reiiiforeiii,@- ptate 23 is 1)rovi(le(I v.,Itii an oiitwardly zn 40 OXtellcltl'n(,, 1)c;ss 24, i@,iiieli bosscs constitute tli(, Iku,.'@)s @A@or t'lie sicle p-Leces 5. iiiasiiiticli as ]'it the inipr,)ved veiiiele a i-N-Iteel spi@ocket and iLs correspoiid(@it 'Lli(' otl)e@@ eiid of the cliftiii) 45 a[v@@tys iiii,iiiiaiiied ]'it tlt(,, saiiie plaiie, a clialli di-i@-e is practicible iiii(ler tll condttioii,s !lie Iii,),,@iest speeds. A clir,,In (irive is titei@efore I)Pefe-,-,tble. Hence,- sl)i@ocl.,e@ ivii(@el@, ti-o slioA@-P. liei-eii-@ as fixed --.t) axles 2(@ of 'Clte i@,cat@ wlieels. i-, 0 to I'le @,,ti iii(I'O pat-ticitia@@@ly to tite plan, Fi-. 1, the I)Iatfoi.-iii sul)poi-ts the 1,,olly, etc., coilli)]@'ISCS loii(,it@t(finLil @,,IC'Le slil-iii-@ei's 27 -%N71liell iliiv oscill,.,Ite or, 'Lli"l, sliltft 55 2, ajicl e,@ieli strill@rel' iS PI'OVI,,,Ied iN,i'Lli loii(flttidinal sti!"eiiii !tiei@,ibei-s 2S, p-i-c@1'et-,tbly .;ii ei-oss-scltioi-i so as to provide flaii(yes AN-Iiieli iii liol-izont,al plapes ()i-@e aiiotlier. These 60 Silit]!Cni@-10" flLll(YOS 01@' lilel-ill)Cr,,@ ,ii@e ;I)oA-vn so -lie Toi@Nv@ij:@l e,@id of ,it:range(' as to -,,eiii i-ce 'I pi-,tt('oi,iii. Tf) tli(, rear o'L ti-i@- - ',rijisvoi@se slia"t 2 ti-i-e pia'Li'oriii sti-iii@,)-ei-s @-)7 ai,e coiirtected' a trtis@@ 19. In advtn.(,e of the sli,,tft 65 2 tiie sti-iii,-;-ers 2i- are slioAv-Ti as coniiectecl ri(yidly, toget,lier by il-ieans of stl-uts 30 31. The skeleton constructioli o-L' the platiorm iii@ty be caitlecl otit in arty suitable or preferred manner but the skeleton construction shown i.s a preferred Giie. 70 The tipwardly aiid forwardly @extending pol-tioiis of the fi-ont side pieces 4 are pro-\,-ided at their sides with ri,,,,ldly n-iounted Itii,),ulai- bi-acli:ets 32. . The@e bi-ackets 32 constiti:tte the supports for the upper ends Of 75 liel'cal sfabilizer spi-ings 33 , 334 h'ch are I w I sti,,@p ended do-,vnwai-dly therefroni and their lower ends are coniiected to(,ether tl-ii-otigh the medium of a flexible coiinectino', line or etible 34. Line or ca@le 34: 's guided on 80 slic,Lves 35, 35,@, one at eacli side of the platl@oi-iii colnll)risin(ly sti-ingers 21, etc. Exteiidincy outwardly fj--oiii the sides of tile - platforill, are 'Di-acl.:ets 36 i-igidly secui-ecl thereto aild upon the brackets there are rigidly-fixed the 85 blocks or siippoi@ts 3- for the journal pins of [lie -- ,Iieaves 35, 35a. Said slieaves 35, 35a are thtis pi-el'el@ably art-ail(,ed so that they iiiay ttirii iiioi-e or less, an([ iii the saiiie vertical pi.Liie, wliteli is a plaiie traiisverse of the ve- i)o li,lele. iVs sliown inoi-e clearly in Figs. 1 iii(I 'a@, the bi.-ackets 36 carry ci-oss pins 38 rl,,,Idl v mountecl therein at their outer ends an(I i-ipon these pins aiiti-friction cuide i-ollei-S 39 ai@e journaled. To the adjac@ent sides of i).5 the front side pieces 4 beariiig plates 40 are i-i(-idly fixed so as to provide between the a jtceiit inneistirfaces of sa,id side pieces 4 aiicl the bear'nt)' 1 , plates 40 vertical giiide ways 'tli an loo 40a in wh'cli the i-ollers 39 iiiay play wi Li,) aii(I down iflotion. I'he bearin(,, plates 40 are provided with vertical slots 41 so that the otiter ends of the brackets 9)6 niay freely pass through said beariiie, plates. Froul the construction just lo5 desci-ibe(I it will be observed that the brackets 36 a-,id the i-ollers 39 1-fiay liave an up aiid dowil lilotion Which is preferably liniited by ii-ieans of the positive stops 42, 43, respectively at the uppei@ and lower ends of the guide ways. 110 The described lielical springs 33, 33a and their connect-i.ons, lncliidln,- the sheaves 35 353 and cable 34, fiinction in the follo-%vin,,, inanner: When a road obstruction elevates a wheel, @iiilcl if a cable were positively connected at 115 eacli end to the brackets 36 witliout the preseiiee of ,tny spriiit,vs such as 33, 33a at all, the eitc;,t ivould be to raise the correspoiidin(,r end o 'L'the platfoi-iii exactly one-iiilf of the extent cl@'the iiiovenient of the said road wlicel thtis 120 i-edticing the possible moveiiic@iit of the platform by fifty per cent. Howevei-, since the sl)-I-iD(YS 33 33@l are present, and the inert wel(,,Iit of the body is iiiiposed on the platfoi-iii, the cooperative effect of these spriii-s 125 's such as to absorb the reiiiaining fifty per cent of nioveitient and to practically eliminate iiiy iiiovenieiit of the body. Furtherinore I @, inotlier coop(,i-at'nfy stabili.zer 'ii the foriii of a lieli,,@al spi-iiig is always automatically 130

6 1)725)378 actin- to inal@e siire tha'u the bocly n-iaintains aii e-@'eii keel, and more -,vill now be sticl of this third stabilizer. As sho-wn more cle,,irly in Fi(r. 1, a i-i(,ict strut or cross-piece 44 is gecured to thc,, triiss 29 and it is provided -with a I)raelcet 45 to which one end of the third helical spriiio- 46 is secured. The opposite el'id 6f helical st,,ibilizer spring 46 is secured to an,,irri,1-7 ivllllcll 10 is provided with a split coll,,Lr 48 ivliicl,, is claiiiped riyidly to the ttibtilar tr,,iiis@,011se shaft 2 bv li'lealls of bolt 49. By sliel-i rfic@,ins the@ spring 46 is i@lenderod adjtistable' Accessory cooperative features iNItli this stabilizer 15 sprinu 46 coiaiprise piiis 50 50a -which pi-eferably havet driie fit in the ends of the tubular sh,,t'ft 2 and the projectin(y ends of these pins may plty in trai-isiterse slots 51 in tl-ie hubs 24 of the side pieces 2'0. In the driwings tl-iese 20 slots are shoivn as at the bottom of the hubs' The ftilictioi-i of @these pins 50 aiid slots 51 in connection %,vith the pi-opeller wheols 7, 7- LI AVIien , is simple I)ii' importa-,it. i ro,,tcl obstrtiction elev,,t tes i, rear iilieel as for ex25 aiiiple wheel 7',,., Fia 6 the efi'ect is ,in (,-scillati-Oll Of the inain tr,,iiisverse sliaft 2 throiio-ii thc, meditiii-i of the pin 501, on the correspor.(Iing side of tlle vel-iiele, -wliich pin beails ,igainst the ondof the slot ,tnd tliei-eby sli 0-ilt30 ly @ oscillates the s,@iid shaft -2. Said sh,-tft, tlirougli the arm 47, in turn puts te-Tisioji upon the third st,,tbilizer spring 46, while at the same time the pin 50 on the otlier sicle of the vehicle pl,,tys f i-eell, iii its slot wi-thoiit iiiip,,ii-t35 illg any movemen , t to the adj,,Lcent re,,ir side piece 5. Incident t6 these desci-ibecl simultaneolis movei-nel)ts of parts, the 'n'i-st. described pair of stabilizer spriiio-s 3,I) 9)3a tlirolioh tlie meditiin of the Iitforiii i-esist the exp,,in-,ion p 40 iiiiparted to tlle third stabil-izei- si-)i@ino, 46 in isuch manner as to neutralize all th-Ise coiiibined movement,-,, ii7itli the result that the jol't, of the rear Nvlieel 7a (Toes not impart ,Iny noticeable n-iovement inhatevcr to the bocly O'f 45 'the vehicle or in any -%Yay chan(ye its const,,tilt (,veii keel. The saiiie evei-i keel coiid,,tion holds triie at all tinies, as when both rear wheels simi-iltaneously eiicounter a road obstriietion, or wh(,,n botli froi-it wheels do like50 wise the cooperative st,,tbilizing effect described absorbing all jolts comnion to i-oads. The body or the stil3ported structure is l@ept coil.st,tntly "floatiiio-" on an "even keell). Referi-.Iii,- to Ficy. I the enaiiie 52 is dit55 cyiammatic@illy i-Ilustratod. The housilig 53 0; the eltitch and fly-wlieel aiicl the transmission housing 54 follow the engiiao r)2,,in tli,,@ tisu-.il mani@6r of arr,.tn,,ement of those lioiis1 17 ings and the oper,,ttii,e pai-ts contained tliere60 in, and these operative parts, ineltiding the on(v ne, may be of any desired type, as tliev constittite no part of the present inventioii. I-I,owei,or, the housings 53 and 54 may be fornied integrilly with each otlier, as also 'th a 1 65 wi boii-s')ig 55, ivhich latter ii-nder the present inveiition preferably constitutes the differential hoiisino-. U-nder the pras@-nt invention, the di:fferential is pref ei-ably locatecl in the f orivard portion of the pl,,tttorm 27, etc., just behind the drive shaft 56 froiii the transniission, -,Vllich 70 sliaft his the bevel pinion 57 thereoll. Oiie of tlle diffel,ential o-eai-s 58 is Df coiirse in niesli with the driving pinion 5'7, and extendin(y latei@ally fi-on-i tlle differential assemb 59 bga ly 75 ai@ differential shafts -vhich are shown as mounted to rotate iii the striligei-s 27 of the platform. The differential sh-,tfts 59, 59a are P"Ovided at their otiter eiids with sprocket wheels 60 'which ai-e connected by minor 80 sprocket chains 61 with sprocket wheels 63, which are fixed on sleeves 62. These sleeves 62 aie mounted to rotate on'the transverse shaft 2, one at each side of the platforiii 27, etc., and additional sprocket wheels 64 ar- 85 also iaiounted t6 rotate Nvith sleeves 62. In order that the sleeves ivith the spi,ocket wheels thereoii i-fiay be propei-ly spaced a-way fi-olil tlle side mei-iibers for a, correct drive of the rear wheels, sptciiig collars 64a are arranged 1)0 on the shaft 2 between the rear side pieces 5 alid the outer ends of the sleeves 62. Major drive chains 65 ate tr,,tined upon the sprocket wheels 64 and connect thein with the sprocket wheels 25 ii-iounted ri(,,idly on the hubs of the 95 i-e,,tr wheels. It is clear that the axes of the sprockets 63, 64 at either side of the platform 27, etc., ai-e co-incident -with the lon(ritudintl a.,.is of the tlibular transverse shaft' 2. The outer ends of the ttibular shaft 2 are loo screw-threaded for the purpose of receivin(y n cap-nuts 66, the function of wliieh is to retain the side members 3, 3a Upo the s a t. n 11 f Uiider tl-ie present invention the steei-in(y @n wheel and its shaft, together Nvith motion105 trtnsinittiii(, - ",orm-gectr may be of the com1-flonly employed type, and the ttirnin,(,y of the steering -wheel ii-i one or the other direction @iill cause the desired correspondi.IlLy mol7ement of a steerin(y lever 67, whiell is p-ivotallit stippol-ted at 68 tipon the strut 31. The lever 67@ has a circular termin-,il 69 ikliieh exter.(Is tlirough an aperture iii the transverse sliaft 2 and into a slot 70 in the steerin(y i,od or meiiiber 71. Steerin(, rod or mem@'er 71 may be 115 tn shifted lonyitudiiially in the tilbtil',Ir tr,,Lllsverse shaft 2. It ivill be observed that the axis of the steerin- rod or n-ieniber 71 is coiiiciden@L With the longitudinal axis of the tubtilar shaft. Levers, 73, 731, are provided 120 ivliieli have circular teriiiinals 74 lvhich extoncl tlirough apertures ill tl-le outer e@-ids of the titbulaisliaft and into annular grooves 2 ii-i t e otiter en pol-tions t coup inff ro(-l 6r meml)er 71. The teriii nals 74 of tll@ 12-0 levei-s 7,, 73a are prefer,,tbly fitted so closelv in the (yrooi,-es 72 that when one side of -,i termin-,,.I bears a(rainst one ivall of its groove. the opposite ide of said teriiiinal barely es capes frictioi-ial contact ivith the adjacent 13o

11725,378 7- wall of said oroove, so that steering force appliecl througl the described connections and I.inlcagewiirresult in prac@ically no lost motion -%vhatever. It ivill be observed that the nianner of coinnecting the hereiii.,,tfter described steei-ing cables is likewise d'evold of lost iiiotion common to the linka(,e systenis iioiv. prei, ailing for steering automobiles. i@-t eitlior side of the veliiele are dispose(i io brackets 75 which-are rl(,Yldly fixed to the front side pieces 4 in advaiice of the transverse sliaft 2 ,tnd projectin(y throuoh apern zn tures 77 in the plates 22, 23. These brackets carry. pivots 76 for the aforementioiiecl levers 1 5 73@ 73-1. The disposition of the lever,,, 73, 7@')a ,ind coiicomitant parts is siieh tl-iat the levei-s may oscillate eacli in a hoi-izont-,tl pl,,tne aii(I tlieyextendforwardlya-w,a froiiithetubular sliaft. 20 The forwai-d ends of the levers 73, 7,I)@,l are pi-ovided witli anchorage arn-is 78, 78a, pi-ef er.,tbly of arcu,,tte form, extending inwardly tli rou (,Ii openin (rs. 78 b in the front side pieces 4. Aiioliorige arm 78 is providect with enci 25 I-Ligs@ 79, 791, wliile arin 78a is pi-ovl'ded witb end luos 80, 80,1 - these Itigq- of t'tiese tw, o aritis serviii to receive the ends of steering cil)le.@ 81, Sla or otlier stiita@le connections. The steerin(reable 81 is attheleftside ol'tlie vehi.- "O cle and cable Sl@l at the rioht si(le the cal)le or the like St bein seeiired to tlie, -,tneli,)i-a-e 9 arm 78 by passinol- the ends of the saiiie tlirotigh- the Iii(,Ys 79, 79@'. The pi@-oj(@ctlii,,,, ends of the cable are solidifiecl. in ivell-kiiowii, 35 mannei- to p(-,ri-ilit of thi-etdiiiy, -,ind iitits 82, 83 are seciired onto said ihi-eaded ends. In a similar manner the cable or otliei- connectioti 81@l is secured bv nuts 82,1, 83a to the lever ai-ii-i 78-1. 40 Mounted iii the openings '.,S b ii-i the -froiit side pieces for a rota,tory iiioaemeilt ai-e, (loiible o-i-ooied ptilleys 84, 87, the sii-ne, pi-efei-ably ttirning in alioi-izojit,,tl pl,.,,ne. Cil)les 81, Sla or eq-Li'li7ateiit coniiections i-espei-4;-) tively (,tilded tlii-otio-li ('Llide-tul)es 88, 89 fixe(l, to t@ie left-han(I fi-oiit side piece 4 ind tubes 85, 8C) fixecl to the rl,-Iit-],ancl --'@roilt si(le piece 4, and tlielr apl)]@-oxilliate @iiiid-len@-,tlis 50 are trained ar0llDd steerin'. piillevs 1('). One, end porti6Tl of t,lie cai)le 81 is in one of the grooves of. the plilley 8'1 ,tn@l passe,,@ in one direeclioii awa)@ froin the 1)i.ille-v an(I ancliored to one end of tlio ai-iii 7,9 I)v jitit@ 82, and t-lie other ciid j)ortioii of s@ili(I @55 cal)le, i,,@ en(ya(yed in the otliei- (Troove of 1)iillev 87 ind I)asses in tli(@ other dii-ectioii, I)eiii(y apeliorecl to.the otlier c,,n(I of@ @al(I i,rm b-@ tl nut 83. The other cible Sla ],,,, siiiti!ai-ly o-i,,i(led -at itg end I)ortions 1)v ttie tavo gi.@ooves of 60 the ptill,ei, 84 aiicl these e,-id poi-tions are similarlisee@ii-ed 1)y tjie niits 82i,, 83". It sliotild b(, siated tli@it t@,ie iiii (Idle portions o I the cil)le ot- tl)e like, 81, SI, are positively secured to the (yi-ooi,-e(I ptilleys 16 by means of ressure, Z-1 p 65 platesl6@wliiehai@epref erablylieldbyscr(@AAs to the riiii-, of the pulleys, so ,is to cau'se a bindi ng acainst said intermediate poi-tions of the cables. Th e (,rooves 72 extend into the couplinc, rod in a (reneral direction away froin tiie - terini- 70 nals of the rod. Tbrough.tliis foi-iiiatioii of the grooves the steering of tlte -rront roid. v,- heels is so differentiated that ivlien the veIiiel e is rounding a etirne, the inside ivlleel ttiriis on a lesser radius than the otlier. Fur- -5 ther more, the side walls of the groo'VCs, instea d of beiing strai(yht ai-e curved, aiid as @n I hcre inbefore stated, these cui-ves are so plotted that the slid differentiatioil iii steel-incr is scientific,,tlly correct and tcctirate at all 8o times . Th's dearee of a uracy . i conn cc is n tr,,ist to the i-ecoonized "error" present iii the trapeze form of steering linkage wliieli is no NA, iii uiniversal use. The said cui@vature of coui-se varies more or less in accordance with s-5 the diinensions of the partictilai.- vehicle and of itssteet-ino- pai-ts, but such cill-vatilre is re,,idily plottc@l witli mathematical precision to siiit anv particiilai., case. Referring to Figs. 2 and 5, tlie preferred go iiianner of mounting the iiiain suspension spring 10 and connectin(y it with the front side pieces and the rear side pieces of the side n-iembers 3, 3a i s illustrated. A pin 90 is mounted in suitable bearings of each 9-i of the rear forks 9 and cari,les a spring-seat block 91 having a downward tubular extension 92. A plug 93 is screwed into the ttibular extension 92 and may be adjiisted as desired through the medium of its wrenchhead. lo( Supported upon the.upper end of the block 93, is a c-Lishioning block 94: preferably of elastic material, such as rubber, or other resilient ineans coniposed of any suitable material. The spring-seat block 91 is furtlier105 niore provided with an upward tubular extension 95 s-o that the said extension and the downward extension 92 are in ali,-nment. Each main siispension spring-10 has it,s coDvoltitions properly spaced from the cylin110 drical tubulir extension 95 which recei-ves said spring. The tipper convolutioiri of each spring 10 is fitted into a cap 96 wliieh is provided with a plunger 97 which is located A@ithin the upper convoltitions of t-he sl)ring ii5 10. This cap 96 is centered upon the spring by means of an adjtistin- screw 98 whicli is threaded into the eye 20 of rear extension 11, and the operative end of said screw is tapered and its poiiited ext-remity bears in 12o the conc,,t-%,itv 99 forined in the spi-ing cal) 96 iTi siieli way as to render the cap self -centerinl-. This arrangeiiient of main - stispension s@rings 10 and the parts coiilplementary thereto, to-ether compose n-ieans@for the ready i25 adjustment of compression to regtilate the lon _gitud'nal relationship of the main parts of the sid@ members 3 3a, and tlirouah the cushion or the like 94 ind the Iiinitino,%Iocks zn 93 there is pi,ovi(](@(I in t(ijiista,t)](@ iiieins for i3o

1,725,378 terininatin@, the flexing of the sprinos and the oscillation of the side pieces witliin aiiy detD sired limit of moveiiient; there beino, no equivalent for these ,tdjustmeiits in the spring stispensions now in common use. As for tl-te oscillatiol-i in the otlier-direction of the front and rear pieces of cael-i side mei-iiber, witli respect to each otl-icr, the lower ed(,,es of the apertures 7'@ in conjuiietion witli the it) bases of the brackets 75 al-,o sei-ve as positive stops to Iiii-iit the degree of suell oscillation. Whilc, the leaf spring suspeiisions now in eollliiaon tise involve extensive and expensive lutbricatiii(v arr,,in(reineiits, in the case of the t@ 1.5 iii-iproved veliiele, it will be seen that as all of the spi-ings sl-ioia,n iii this preferred embodiiiient are of helical foi-m ,tncl so mounted -,is to preeltide tlae coiitact of any pai-t of an., spriii- Avitli any otlier part of the sai-ile sprino-, 20 lio oilin(,- wh@)teier is necessary because there' are no frictioi-i conttets. A vital characteristic of the iiiiproved veIiiele lies iii tl-ie f-,ict t]-iat the longiti-idinal axis of the main transverse sliaft 9, is at all tiliies, 25 regardless of the configlirat'on of the 1-oid upon whicb. tl-ic vehicle travels, co-iiicident illith tl)e axes of eve@yi-6tatii-ig and every ose.ill,,ttiiio- ii-ieiijbei- or part i-fiountecl tilereon. n @viso it will be observed that -@vhlle the 30 distaiice--, betiveeii Nvlieel axes Sa and 26 and all fixed points of the sutpported sti-uctui-e stieli as plat,forn-i 27, bod37 1, etc., are subject to vti@,iation the said axis of the iiiain transver.se shaft '2 serves as tn axis in coinmon 35 T.Or said Niheel axes aiid -1-tieli suppoi@ted struetiire. The axis of this sh,,ift 2 therefore constitutes % ATei-itable "clearidg house" throuuli Avhicli mechanicil movements dre received aiid traiismitted with scientific accuracy. 40 It will be app@rent that dii-C to the novelty o.f the in-iproved vehicle a a whole, thbre s are prictically Linlimited possibilitie of va. riatioji in tlie forms, arran--ements and number of pai,ts Nvl-iiel-irnay be Li,-zed to obttin inore 45 or less like fuiietions and similar results, ivithout departinr in the least from the fundamental principles which are the bases of the inveiitions covered by the appended clain-is. 50 There is no "shiniiiiy" and none is I)ossible uiicler the l@)resent ii-ivention for the follo-vving reasons, Ih the first place no road -%vheel can be tilted -without at the same time positively t@ilt-ino55 every other road wheel, and likeivise to the same degree and at the same time tilting the body tnd every other pai-t of the machiiie, as all p,,ti-ts are so positively connected that later,,tl m6veiiiejit. of any. one pai@t witliotit mov60 ing all pai-ts is iinpossible. Under the present iniention, there is iio tilting of any wheel as it passes over road obstr@iction.s becaiise the o-.Vroseopic, effect oii tl)e four ivheels -in a plane it ri,(,Yht 65 an(yles to the rbad is to inake the wlieels rebel at being tilted into. any different plane; this f oi@ce plus the inertia, of, the w6iglit of the eiitire machine, -which must likeivise be tilted if any wheel is tilted, i,-@ such a great resisttll, ance @lt the restilt is thit the helical - sprin- 70 (oii the side corresponclino, to thez-@hock) nattirally a-nd entirely absorbs the shock, so that no tiltincr ocetirs-hence no "shimmy" and ii6 sway. Moreo@,er, this correct mee-hanical conclitioi-@ combliied ivith such pi@oper sprinfl 75 action eliiuinates the stresses, and uildue friction o-,i bearings, -wbich occur in common ,tutomo iles -wi every a unevenness, becatise the tiltin- of -whee s and axles is Z-1 practically constant and the sprinfr supf)ort- so ed bodv is thei-efore aINvays quii,erincy in resl)onse to the unevenness ol the road, @@ivever slight. Under the preselit iiavention, the eonstant parallelisin of the important rotating - parts, 85 and the proper connectin(y to(,ether of such liarts in the manner descr--@ibe @d' and claimed. makes it the eqiiivalent, in all main respects, of an ordiiiary stationary machitie assembly of extreme sill'lplicity. 90 It is to be understood th,,it in the claims referrili(,r to the distances between wheel axes ind all fixed points of the supported strueture, the -vvords "all fixed poiii -ts" mean 111 fixed points of the supported structure Nvhieb ()5 stri-icttii@e @.neludes the body 1, and the plat-,orm 27, etc., stipporting it, as well as all ri(,Yicl i-nountings supported on the platform and body. For example the expre@_lsion 1 "fixed points" is not intended to inclu(Te ioo ,prings, cables ,tnd the like elastic parts, btit does include the, rigid motintin-s for suell parts. Likewise, the movine, ptrts of the motor are not directly included, but the rigid moun.tings, stich as the cylinder block, are 105 included. Whtt I