[1]Patented Dec. 15, 1953 2@6622246 UNITJM@ @S.-T,AT;ts PATENT @OFFICE -@@q62)246 @IBRIQTE-TTING ROLL -Wtlklqne CXPM, h and George C. Perrine,,AnpA@- i!g g"" t, Mons.@@@tg Cheml,6al. Piifii,"PT."Ki-'L-o"@u@i-s'Mo.,acorporatio-'nof@D61a@w AO"6h,J.Une 1949, Serial No.,l-O4i628 (Cl. 18- 2X) This invention relates to an improvement 14 desigA:Qf b-riquettilig. -,rbllseffectixit l(W or i4itial investment cost,,deckeased.@maixktenaAce @exPP4$e, and advanced chare@6,@er-istic-qua@lit'y,@Qf Pr,Ddudt,as cor-ciparedwiththat.- hith@erto.Qbtaiuable@.in@a7Ail- 5 ,able equipment -for.--this @pur-pose,. While numergusinodiftotions of form design, and types of @rol-1 ;brkquett ,@4g pre@s - ses have been developed, biijlt an4 -@tried -dur-ing @ the -past half ce,ntury in var-ious,-- induztrial 4pplica@tions whe@re- 10 in such equipment is @n6.eded,, the. -productio4 and use in recent years @i4@-b,@en almost splely of a single conventioiial ty pe '. -TW- s eqnsists;in Pr@nciple of .:two dur)lic$ki6 rolls, @revolving @axially parallel in the same direction @t6t@- tbe-,Ppin-t of con- 15 tact, both being &iven the,same Tate and each haviag iaie@t-eheddeDrezs,@,.d poexets below the face of the.@-rol-1, - coacting- upoa me4tp@ial fed into the.: tangeutial c@litacting zone, to, form compressed aggregate@s, ot uni-form.-shape and size 20 thereby. A nulul?er -o@f m@ , gdifl@ckt@pnq qf the @@es shapes and forms of t-he, matchingOePressiOns or pockets ,@re@niAde, 4nd:einPlOYed i@r briqu@i@ing widely varying mate@iials for mk@IY fu 'OP Pcti S. 25 all folllqw t4,e.@5Ar4ip,, go4e@al mptched @,des@g-n pi@ pocket mechani,.opl . .. iarliple.. Despite its, su s anti4l.IY-.universp@l A.doptiop,, in b t. industrial applications.concer4e,a ihis,coiiven-ype,.:,pf 4rique@@#ig Toll tional matched popxgt, @t press has definite limitations in its functionpl .10 ance, in;economy. of inv 4@r)@ent perform @equi rement, in relative capacityi in mechanical mainten@@e s@e ei,and in operating eff ects. In any given -Pe of briqiietting ,.Pgir of this ty .1 35 rolls, the two ele@l@liti @lu@t, @-P 6i ex@6ii@ ilie same diameter, the forming pockets. require exact spacing, dupli ate shapp gpa-'p'ei-iect 66action @n C alignment. Th is requires accurai@ niiiiing machine tools and cutt!ers, ii@g condi- 40 sive mechanisms to put them in 6ikor.@i tion, The forming pockets Wiih coacting comt , vi6@i in service, mon spacing edges are.subjeet c so that obvipqql-y, the retooUiW pi @@@h 6i- the individual pockets demaiids;mp@ntl a o@'erati6n by 45 highly s@Uled raelchanies with special expensive tools. It is further obv t - i @iicii a briqiie ,,tgu.9 thp@ 13@ tting roll type unit the mat6rial fi,--d juto the, sp@ce above the tangenti-a,I,IY, di'sp'6sed-"C"Olita6ting. f@ces does not naturally fill the pockets by gravity since 50 the poekets are m anm ci.'-m@ed P'6siiion. This usually requires an aux pretqr4pression de4iary ckvice to force the cot4P!Cto:Rlling of tl@i@se po @ts in order to produce, a @briquttte of !tlie required density and stability.. This@coilabination of fune55 tional ietarding conditions. tends to p)rqduce,, a briquette of -incoherent. @tiucture. It is furthet apparei4t that when material is fed ii@t'o -ilie h matc ed pockets o@ thz coacting rolls, here is a z' strong cohering efrect to the surfaces of inner area ofeach:ppcke.t. Likewise it, is evident that if the coherence, tlo- gne @pqeket surface is stronger than that of the: other @n4tched pock6t, the tendency will be for the following edge of the released Pgcket to, shear the cohering briquette 'as the, rolls opq4 up. On the- other hand, when the surfaces of b6th matched -pockets effect: coherei@ice to tl-ie briqu -e-t-t -e d , cy, so formed, the teln en will be to shear the briquette in two, so that the respective halves pass around the cyfle@,aild prevent'furth:er forming until removed. In -such case, the kespective half briquettes h4vq their surfaces lev witfi tfi4t el of the periphery of the @plls, and thus being fully depressed below, the surface, there is no practicable means of removwg the so cohering segments during the operation of the unit. The breaking of the so formedbriquette,iri process of its formation in the pockets, is;gellerary di@e to its insufficient compression to, effect uniform an(i ad@-equate tensile @strengt-h -tQ ovp@.cop@p @4p: cohesion 6itert6d by, the in,ner. surface of the respective oi bri4iieiiin'g --rol'l-s pocket. Designers of this ty p insist upon the j@ofke@t c@qatour of circular arc form in direction o e-6t "cr--e-e' t% -rot4tion to ,gg p'l or movemerit along, thQ cur ed p@@th to cause the briquette to, dischar e Wh@ requiremerii bviously eff ects coneorn@tant abrasion of tlie'@6ck6t surface and-spacing pdgjp4. All the above escribed inhere.nt c.o.ndi,tions. limitati6ns and defects iii Principle c@oxitribute to uneconorli6al in_ , , dustrial effects. The obi,ectiveof tbe, hi@kripin described invention of provi f ding torrec-tive means there or has be!en s accomplished w@@h f'u'i'l ''p'ypp in it api@@1,6@fi6ii to. coinm, ercial,practice. The 'description, wh@p4 follo.ws pro vides com i)tehensive infQrMatigA of the, disiin6ii@6 f6@tiiies of this iiAvQntiQ4;. its' fundament al princ' 'i- -p'l -e s, @prattical,alid tl;xiE@orQtical. @i'66iii@@r6d -,-vitli th@it de of the,pres ent state@ of the art, all a 4ii;atQ or its full use @by any. one eiii@6r@ siiii6d iii'thb @ii 6k n conversant witli mpeha ical aijdlication olvbd. nstration of the match6a,@66k6t Graphic deri@kp,, type of briqu@,ttin r 1 s, appe@rs i@6edies@ her-ein, since. any on a;ptivq)y or even academi6a!iY'in.0 terested in this function has. a c ear un erstanding of the structure. The atlov6 al6@,ciib6a 'de-iidis of the. Matche P.. pl@et @y,@e'of b@iq@6ttiiig rolls are o apparen y 4epeptpO as a s a s quo, without any ti t tu serious effort,]?A@ng pe@de to correct same. @kA @si howe@ve"r , de-s-i-r, 'bi -e -,m Grap)iie., @OQqe@ipti
[2]iiie cas6 oi a de@arture from the conventional matched pocket type, with detail defining of the defects developed therein. This design was used in a practicable commercial installation, so that its characteristic limitations were subject to fuU 5 test and proof. This is the, only known comniercial in'stallai@ioii df reco@d of this tYPe of briquetting roll that ig entirely different from the matched pocket type except that of the in*ention hereinafter described. This new depar- io ture type is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in .which the same reference characters refer to the same parts in these several figures. Figure I is a segment of a radially cut section through the pair of rolls in operating assembly 15 position. Figure 2 shows two perspective views of the briquette produced by these rolls. Figure 3 is a perspective surface development of the cross -@ grooved roll here designated as roll A. Figure 4 is a section of the tangentially contacting rolls 20 through line y-y' in Figtire 1. Figure 5 is a perspective surface development of the plain ridged roll here designated as roll B@ Roll B has angular projecting peripheral ridges a equally spaced about the cylindrical valleys b 25 which are uniformly distributed across the surface of the roll. RoU A has grooves c of same dimensional spacing and form as ridges a of roll 13, which elements mesh in operation. Longitudinally over 30 the face of roU A and thiough the grooves c, there are cut circular segmental sectional grooves d of the same depth, with peripheral separators e, which operate in close shearing contact with bottom peripheral surface of valleys b in roll B. 35 ,Material is fed into the trough space f, formed by tangential contacting of the respective rolls A and B. This material is currently flowed and drawn into cross groove d, which with revolving of the rolls is compressed radially by closure 40 through valley surface b, and is simultaneously compressed lateral@ly by closure of the sloping surfaces of the ridges a of roll B. The more effective pressure exerted upon the entire body of the briquette in formation by this 45 design over that of the conventional matched pocket type is obvious by noting the above described drawings. The above described functional weaknesses and defects of the matched pocket type are in a measure corrected by this 50 design. The natural' gravity filling of the briquette pockets, the coordinated multidirectional pressure effects and the open end position of the formed briquette which facflitates easier @ing items in the matched pocket types. In construction and mounting, this type has further advantages in that the peripheral grooves and ridges, and also the cross grooves of cylindrical 60 segmental form are subject to machining with standard straight line moveihent versus that of the below surface, pockets. The lateral alignment of this later type is automatically obtained in the coordination of the two rolls in service. 65 A further advantage is that only one of the rolls need be driven, thus 8implifying the mounting. Despite these obvious advantageous features of this groove type over that of the old conventional matched pocket type, defective charac70 teristics developed which defeated its economic service, and resulted in its discontinuance in production and further use. The eircwar form of the cross grooves was theoretically - considered necessary to permit "creep" movement of the 7-1 briquette in formation in order to effect its i6.; lease. This movement along the surface caused rapid wear on the lips or peripheral separators e. The grinding of the cross cylindrical grooves d, in maintaining their dimensions, demands use of grinding wheels of exactly the circular size bf these @groove's'@ @so that @a wheel can be used for this servide -only @until @it we I ars to a size smaller than the required dimension. This requires aii in6rdinate time for the grinding and also prohibitive.cost for this maintenance. Pliom the foregoing description of the two types of briquetting roll.' design available for industrial applicatio.n it is obvious that the defects impose an economic limitation upon this method of : agglomeration, . in some needed fields. This incentive for essential improvement motivated the study, experimentation, and development which resulted in the invention hereinafter described. - This new design is called the angle type, descriptive of its geometrical principle of forming elements which effect the advantages over those briquetting roll assembhes previously employed. Mgures 6-12 inclusive illustrate the novel angle type briquetting roll assemblies of the instant invention which @yield tetrahedrally shaped briquettes as indicated in Figure 10. . Figure 6 is a radial'cross section of a circular segment of the briquetting rolls C and D in tangential operating contacting position. Figure 7 is an axial section of the briquetting rolls C and D along the' bisecting plane of line X-X' in Figure 6. @ Figure 8 is a.radial cross section of a circular segment of briquetting rous E and F in tangential operating contacting position. This embodiment bf the inventiofl is similar to that illustrated in Figure 6 except that roll D of the latter is substituted bY a duplicate of roll C. Mgure 9 is an axial section of briquetting rolls E and P along line w-wl of Figure 8. Figure 10 is a perspective outline of the tetrahedral briquette Produced by briquetting roll assemblies shown in Figures 6-9 inclusive. . Figure 11 shows the assembly position of briquetting rous C and D in Perspective outline. Figure 12 is a cross section on line z-z' of the assembly of Mgure 11, through the pyramidal peaks of roll C and I groove of roll D. Referring more particularly to Mgures 6-12 inclusive, it will be noted that each roll has parallel plane angular surface grooves and ridges meshing and mating with each other. +.he adjacently formed ridges by symbol h. In 'roll D, the peripheral grooves are indicated by symbol i and the corresponding ridges by reference character j. Roll C has cross grooves k similar in form, shape and depth to the peripheral grooves, which are cut in spquential order around the entire Peripheral zone. These cross grooves intersecting the similar dim'ensional peripheral grooves @naturally develop quadrilateral pyramids in geometrically arra.nged pattern as shown in Flgure 11. The material under briquetting treatment is fed into the space z f6rmed by the tangentially contacting rolls C and D. Obviously this material naturally tends to be drawn into the angular pocket spaces by the movement of the opPositely revolving rous. The riaterial so fed into the open pockets is- compressed laterally from removal from the cohering cylindrical plane sur55 - In roll C of Figures 6, 7, 11 and 12, the peface are all superior functionauy to correspondripheral grooves are designated by symbol g and
[3]t)pposing sid s @ simultaneously by closure of the, P. sloping surfaces m.of roll D against the cross grooved formed pockets k in roll C. @This design provides;greatly simplified means of forming the functional parts of these rolls 5 over that of the conventional matched pocket type of briquetting roll assembly or over that of the type illustrated by Figures 1-5 inclusive. The grooves in rolls C and D, being essentially duplicate in form, are subject t,o cutting, - milling 10 or grinding by means of a standardized tool or wheel. The cross grooves k of roll C are subject to cutting by standard @gear cutting machine tools and with a standardized forming tool. With proper relation of size of the forming 15 coordinate grooves and ridges with the roll diameter, the ultimate conipressive closures will be complete with gradient pressure exerted multidirectionally upon all surfaces of the briquette. This results in a briquette having the - density )0 and strength required to overcome the cohesion of the surfaces. It will also be noted that the formed briquette, after passing from its compression position, has two full sides exposed, thus providing the conditions for continuously and 2.5 automatically ejecting the briquette if it is found necessary to do so. This provision for continuously removing cohering briquettes currently with the production operation is obviously not of practical application with the depressed - matched -0 pocket type. The functional compressive action with this type of bri-quett'T-ig roll is obvi-otisly exerted in wedge IIke action upon the material under treatrne-nt r-ather than by the creep sliding a,,tion as 35 in the two other types above described. This tends to pi-oduce less wear and flowing 1-ate of the metal used in roll construction. The simpli,@lied a-nd more economical fabrication of the functional forming pf this angle 40 type roll design permits a %7ider range of selection of mater;@als of construction than with the expensive tooling required for the matched pocket type. The costly initial pocket tooling and e,,pen- 45 sive re-tool-ing when worn, in case of the niatched .Pocket type, demands a high cost abrasion resistant alloy metal. In the angle type, the initial forming and refol-ming after wear is so ma,V be used, Nii'Lh relatively inexpensive repairs or replacement. In the design and assembly described, only the cross grooved roll need be driven. The plain ridged and grooved member may float freely in 55 lilts coord-inating compressive function. The coacting corresponding ridge and grooves of the two respective rolls avoids the necessity of mechanical lateral ali@;nment as in matched pocket type. Thus, the eliminated erpense items of 60 synchronous drive and alignrnents are a contri:bution to economy in this service. The bricluett-"ng roll assembly illustrated in Flgures 8 and 9 operates in a manner similar to the machine shown in Figures 6 and 7 except 65 that both rolls E' and F are cross grooved and driven synchronously. This results in the production of briquettes on both rolls and thus substantially doubles the capacity of the briquett'inlg assembly. 70 In roll E, the peripheral grooves are designated by reference character n, the adjacently formed ridges by o aiid the cross grooves by p. In roll F, the corresponding peripheral grooves, adja,cently formed ridges and cross grooves are in- 75 ci dicated by @reference charactert 4,, -@,,,and s,. I:espectively. If the cross grooves,on,rolls E-and@F are:placed closely adjacent to each other as illus trated in roll C, it is necessary that the relation of the diameter of the roll to de th of the groove be ,P adjusted so that the closure of the corresponding pockets of respectively adjacent elements is substantially complete, and also, that t-lie dimensions of the grooves and resulting forming pockets be of extreme acouracy. If the closure of, the material u.nder briquette forming coinpression is not completely tight, a portion of the rnaterial will be extruded through the sinall gap frori the pocket back into the feed bed vjith the I-esult that the briquett,e does not receive adec,,uaf e conip@-ession to effect the: required strength, for its discharge against the cohesive influence o-f the I)ocket fore and aft surfaces. In such tlic. br.quab6es te, d to break and leave a port-ion in 'he Docket. '!'he forego@',ng difficulity,may be overcome by SDacing the ei-oss grooves @so that the enclosing sides of the rerriair@ing section of the peripheral @rooves will lap over the@ edges bounding the foriiiin- pocket and thiis hold the -material in place- jintil the full compression cycle is comY;'ieted. This L--iodification of the instant invention is illustrated in Mgures 13-15 inclusive. Figure 13 is one full size -sectional view of an @'I'lustrated case, showing the fori-n of the cross @-rooves which are so spaced as to,..provide -overlapping closure with the two coacting rolls ,in funct4onal serv-ice. In. this embod I ime I nt, it will be noted '6hat the an I gular @sur@faces forming the interrupted peripheral ridges.:intersect each I @other in such a manner as to @form, a line u and not a point h as in Figures -6-9@ and@ 1.1@12 inclusive. Figure 14 shows the contactin . g rela@@on of-the cross -.-rooves of bri-quetting rolls G @and H which are in tangential operating l@ontaeting position. Figure 15 is a perspective O.Utline of one of the bricuetting rolls, the other roll beingof th-e@same effect for this view. The fur@ctioiial performance of this einbodiinent of the iivention is the same as that for the sing7,e forming roll. In this case, both rolls wi -11 be driven in synchronous rotation and relation of the miltually coactin- forming elePockets of G al'id H are alternated on their Per-pheralcompression sequences. It is not L Possil)le to illustrate this relation of coacting forming sections and surfaces on a two diniensional dra,@,iiin@.,,, but the a;bove description i-ii connection with Figures 13-15 inclisive appears adequate to apprise one skilled i-n the art how to Practice the present invention. Another variation consists in the sari'le peripheral ridges and grooves with sanie re'iative siope angles adjace,@itly a'Agned across the face of bhe roll, bat w;@th the - cross grooves hav-ing a regular trapezoidal cross section instead of triangular as in previous descriptions. That is, instead of these cross grooved pockets sloping; to a sharp edge ot the bottom, the two inwardly slopin- triangular sides are @separated and terminate on edges of a rectangular plane. The briauette formed by this combination is a symmeirical pentahedron, with outward.ly sloping triangular ends to an elongated apex. With thi s modification of the cross groove cross sectional form, a briquette of over twi@De the voiume of that with the same size irian ular cross, groov is made, an yet wi @ 9 d th abou the s me@, cross secsimple and economical that low cost materials 5o ments. I'he rolls are set -so. th'at the forming
[4]7 tional dirnension. This latter dimension Is important in thermal treatment of the briquette product to obtain favorable heat transfer rates. This variation is illustrated in Figures 16-19 inclusive. Figure 16 shows a cross sectional view of single cross groove of one of the rolls of the briquetting assembly. El.@ure 17 is a partial section of the tangentially contacting rolls I and J, showing how the cross grooves and ridges intermesh with each other. 'q'-igure 18 is a perspective view of one of the briquetti,.ig rolls, the other roll being identical for this view. Mgure 19 shows a perspective view of the briquette produced by the briquetting assembly of Figure-- 16-18 inclusive. In these figures the base of the briquette forming pocket is indicated at a', the end sloping sides at bl. Other than these designated dimensions, the roll cutting remains the same as in the previous descriptions. This variation with the elongation of the briquette forming functional item rnay be employed with only one roll Nvith cross grooves, in which case, the cross grooves would be cut closely adjacent in peripheral sequence; or it may be applied to both rolls in which the cross grooves would be spaced to provide for the overlapping closure by the respective coacting forming sections of the two rolls. In all of the foregoing modifications of the instant invention, the preferred angle between the surfaces of the briquette forming elements, both in the peripheral and cross grooves is 981. This angle may be effectively as small as about .05', but this obviously does not permit grinding with plain cylindrical wheels as is the case with an angle in excess of 901. T'his angle may be extended to 105, without iinpairing. the briquette compression efficiency. The improvements herein set forth are not limited to the precise construction and arrangements shown and described since they may be embodied in various forms and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. What we
