claim is: 1. In a tool of the character described, in combina,@,ion with a suitable support, a tool body having a head portion adapted to project longitudinally in overlapping engagemel'it with work to be treated, a working element carried by the head and movable both longitudinally alid radially thereof, means inelliding a radially movable thrust inember for moving the working element radially into engagement with the work, said working element being longitudinally slidable with respect to said thrust member, and mearis for movin.a said working element longitudinally independently of said head portion and thrust mew-ber while i-n engagement with the work. 2. In a tool of the character described, in combinatioii with a suitable support, a tool body having a head portion adapted to project longitudinally into overlapping engagement with the woik to be treated, a working element carried by the head portion and movable both longitudinally and radially thereof, means including a movable thrust portion for moving the working element radially into engagement with the work, actuating means for said thrust portion and independent actuating means for said working element for moving the same longitudinally independently of said head and along said thrust portion. 3. Means as set forth in claim 2 in which said thrust portion comprises a combined catn and track element having. that face along which the working element moves contoured conformably to the work to be treated, whereby upon longitudinal actuation of the working element therealong it serves to guide said element in a predetermined work-forining path.

4 2,264,360 4. Means as set forth in claim 2 in which said thrust portion comprises a combined cam and ,-Uide element haviiig that face along which the working element moves disposed non-concentrically wicl-i respect to the axis of the tool, and 5 coiitoured conformably tb the work to be treated, said actuating means for the working element allowing lateral movement between itself and said @T@,orking eleriient, whereby when said -,vorking elernent is moved longitudinally, it may travel lat- 10 erally, guided by said con-ibined cam and guide element. 5. Means as. set forth in claim 2 in which sa-ld thrust porti6n comprises a longitudinally slidable wedge-like cam, said actuating means there15 for comprising a member keyed thereto for longitudinal moveinent therearith but laterally movable with respedt thereto, said thrust portion also being niovable radially of the tool. 6. In a tool c)f the character described, in 20 combination w-ith a supporting body, a head adapted to project longitudinally in overlapping engagement with work to be treated, means for rotatii,ig and reciprocating said head, a working element ca@-ried by the head and movable 25 both longitudinally and radially thereof, means for moving the working element radially into el-gagement with the work, and means for reciprocating said eleinent long itudinally with relation to both the head and the work, while said 30 working eleiii-@-nt -is in engagement with the work, said means for nioving the working element into engagement with the work comprising a resilient spring eleineiit, and mearis for changing the effective pressure of said spring element without 35 @nterfering with longitudinal movement of said elei-nent. 7. In a tool of the character described, in combination with a supporting body, a head adapted to project longitudinally in ov erlappin.- 40 engagement v@i6h work to be treated, means for rotating and reciprocating said head, a working element cai-ried by the head and movable both longitudinally and radially thereof, means for @noving the workin.- element radially into en45 ga.,ement with the work, and means for reciprocati.-ig said eloi@ient longittidinally with relation to both the head and the work, while said working element is in engagement with the work, said means for m(,,ving said element into enr)o gagement with the work comprising a spring element movable loiagitudinally with said eleinent, ,tnd i-neans for changing the effective tension of said spring element, comprising a laterally adjustable abuti-ent carried by the body and - slid- 55 abl@y engageable by said spring element. 8. lii a tool of the ebaracter described, in combination with a suitable support, a tool body having a head portion adapted to project longitudinally ii-ito overlapping engagement with work 60 to be treated, a,@ld adapted to be rotated and reciprocated, a working element movable both longitudinally and radially in the head, means for moviiig said working element radially into 65 engagenient with the work, and means for reciprocating said working element longitudinally with relation to both the head and the work while said head is being rotated and reciprocated and while said working element is in engagement with the work, to impart a compound motion to said workin.a element. 0. In a tool of the character described, iii combination with a suitable support, a tool body having a head portion adapted to project intooverlapping engagement with the work and havii-ig a bearing upon the work to guide the tool With respect to the work, mearis for rotating and reciprocating the head, a working element carried by and rotatable with the head and movable radially and longitudinally independently thereof, means for feeding the working element radially into engagement with the work, means for reciprocating the working element longitudinally with relation to the head, and means for guiding the working element in a path arranged at an angle to the axis of the tool during such reciprocation. 10. In a tool of the character described, in combination with a supporting body, a head adapted to project longitudinally in overlapping engagemelit with work to be treated, raeans for rotating and reciprocating said head, a ivorking element cari,ied by the head and movable both longitudinally and radially thereof, means for moving the workilg element radially into engagement with the work, and means for reciprocatilig said element longitudinally with relation to both the head and the work, while said working element is in engagement with the work, said head being provided with a track along which said working element is longitudinally movable in a path inclined with respect to the axis of the tool, said track serving as a can and said working element having follower pbrtions bearing thereagainst at two longitudinally spaced points. '.I. In a tool of the character described, in cohibination witli a supporting body, a head adapted to project longitudinally in overlapping engagerhent with the work to be treated, means fbr rotatii-ig and reciprocating said head, a plurality of working elements carried by the head and 1-novable loiigitudinally and radially thereof, means for moving the working elements radially into engagement with the work, and means for ieciprocating said elements longitudinally with @e@lat@on to both the head and 'uhe work, while said working elements are in engagement with the work, and wh-ile said head is being rotated and reciprocated, comprisin.- an actuating portion carried by and rotatable with said head and operatively connected to said workin- elements, a coop,- rating actuating portion for driving the L-arst mentioned actuating portion and thereby moving the working elerients, means preventing movement of said second mentioned actuating portion with the working elements, whereby to impart the aforesaid relative reciprocation to sal 'd working elements, said actuating portions c6w-prising a cam adapted to be held against rotation with the tool body, and a plurality of followers actuable by relative rotation between said followers and said cam means, said followers being connected to the working elements to re,-iprocate the lat@er with relation to each other and the work, as, well as with relation to the tool body. JOSEPH A. CARLIN. CARL W. FLOSS.

Patented Dec. 2, 1941 '292649360 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,264,360 ABRADING TOOL Joseph A. Carlin and Carl W. Floss, Detroit, Mch., assignors to Honing EquiPment Corporation, Detroit, Mch., a corporation of Mchigan Apl)lication August 14, 1939, Serial No. 290,018 11 Claims. (Cl. 51-184.3) This invention relates to tools for grinding, respectively, of Figure 5, and looking in the dihoning, lapping and the like, and aims to provide an iinproved mechanism of this character which is adapted for both iriternal and external work, and which is capable of following and 5 working upon irregular contours, of a character which it has not heretofore been possible to hone or lap satisfactorily by mechanical means. A further object is to provide in such tools improved means for imparting to the abrasive, 10 or other working elements, a compound movement which greatly assists in securing a fine fin-sh, and wliieh considerably speeds the work. I Another object is to improve the adjusting and take-up mechanism of such devices, to compen15 sate for wearing away of the abrasives as well as to feed the same into the work, which adjusting means is more readily accessible and more quickly operable than previously known arrangements. A further and related object is to provide such 20 feeding and take-up means which does not interfere with reciprocation of the abrasives in the tool and independently of the tool as a whole, and which, further, permits suG.11 independent wovement of the abrasives in irregular or non25 concentric paths, to allow the device to worle upon a wide variety of shapes in addition to straight cyhndrical bores or holes and cylindrical surfaces. Still another object is to provide a tool of the 1,0 character indicated which is capable Of working upon the exterior of elongated rods and the hke, and to finish such a continuous suri'ace which is mtich longer than the tool itself, and in fact of ,any desired length, novel means being provided 35 whereby the work may be fed through the interior of the tool itself. . Other objects and advanlages will be apparent from the following description, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings illus40 trating preferred embodiments of our invention and wherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view 45 of a honing tool constructed in accordance with the present invention. Figures 2 3 and 4 are cross seetional views therebf taken substantially on the lines 2-2, 3-3, and 4-4, of Figure 1, respectively, and 50 looking in the direction of the arrows. Figure 5 is a view similar to Mgure 1 showing a modified form of the invention. Figures 6, 7 and 8 are sectional views tak-en substantially on the lines 6-6, 7-7, and 8-8, 55 rectiou of the arrows' Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure I showiiig another modified construction. Figure 10 is a cross section taken substantially on the line I 0- IO of Figure 9, and looking in the direction of the arrows. Figures 11 and 12 are side and longitudinal sectional views, respectively, of anotlier modified construction; and Figure 13 is a sectional detail taken substantially on the line f 3-13 of Flgure II, and looking in the direction of the arrows. Referring now to the drawings. The tool shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 is adapted to be either fixedly mounted upon the bed of a machine (not shown) or rotatably molinted upon a spindle or @other suitable driving means (also unshown). A bracket I 0 is shown, indicating means for fixedly supporting the tool, while the work, W, is arranged to be rotated in engagement with the abrasive 15. The shank I I of the tool is tightly secul)ed in the bracket as by means of a nut 13, while a continuation 12 of the shank constitutes the body of the tool and terminates in a nose 14 also shown as integral with the body of the tool, and shaped to fit into the work and to act as a pilot. The abrasives, which r4ay comprise stones of suitable characteristics, are secured in holders 16, 17, which al)e in turn attached to a cantilever leaf spring 18 which, with the abrasives, is slidable in a longitudinal slot 20 in the body of the tool. The rear end of the elongated spring is fastened by means of a sciew 19 to a sleeve assembly 2 1, Provided at one end with a peripheral slot 22. The sleeve assembly is slidable along the body of the tool to move the abrasives in and out of the work and the slot 20 is of sufficient depth to allo;@ them to move freely radially in following the contour of the work. The feeding tension of the spring is adjustable by means of a radially slidable plunger 24, projecting throu,gh an aperture 26 in.the body and having an inclined outer surface engageable with the frusto-conical inner surface 21 of a sleeve 25, the farther end of which is threaded to fit a complementarily threaded enlarged portion 28 of the body. A set screw, 29 enables the sleeve to be I.ocked in any adjusted position. By adjustment of the sleeve, the plunger 24 may be made to exert more or less pressure against the back of the spring 18, thus controlling the working pressure of the abrasives. The spring is freely slid-

2 !@,264,360 able over the plunger at all times, honvever, to permitreciprocation Df the abrasives. The lower surface of the slot 20 will be seen to be shaped conformably to the contoiir of the N@,ork surface, to allow the abrasives to move freely in following the work. The embodiment illustrated in Fi,,ures 5, 6, 7 and 8 is adapted to hone internal tapered surfaces, and with very slight changes which will readily be apparent to those skilled in the art is adaptable to work of widely diffeling contours. in the shown embodiment the work, W', is provided with a fi-ustoconical inner surface. The nose 14A of the body 12A of the tool is shaped to conform to the opening in the work and to fit acciirately but rotatably thereinto. The abrasive 15A is secured in a carriage I'VA rollabl6 upon the inclined surface of a tap6red track irei-ilber 2,@@A, which also constitutes an adjustable feed element for the abrasive, being longitudinally slidable in the slot 2 DA in the tool body in which it and the abrasive and carriage dssembly @@re ,tecommodated. The slope of the track surface will be seen tb. correspond to the shape of the work, and in view of the opposite taper of the bottom surface of slot 20A, the carriage may be fed radially outward by sliding tlle track forwardly, and may be allowed to move radially inward by retractiiig the track. Such control of the track is eff ected by longitudinal movement of an axially disposed plunger 30, flattened at its forward end and fitted into a slot 33 in the track cam 24A. A pin 35 extends through a slot 36 in the shaft, and through the rear extremity of the track cam, to allow the latter to move up and down with respect to the axially movable plunger 30 as it is adjusted longitudinally along the inclined bottom of the slot 20A. At its rear extremity the.plunger is provided with an enlarged extremity 37 through and from which extends a pin 38 enga.-ing at each end a threaded rhig 39 , the outer surface of which is threaded conformably to the inner threaded surface of an adjusting collar 40, rotatably mounted upon the body of the tool but held against longitudinal movement, so that by rotation thereof the track cam may be moved inwardly our outwardly of th-nose of the tool, to radially project or retract the abrasive or other working element. The extent of rotation of the adjusting sl@eeve is normally jimited :by a stop pin 71 secured to and projectin.@ downwardly from a stop ring 70 in such position as.to,be engageable by a cooperating pin 74 projecting t@pwardly from adjusting sleeve 40. Both. pins may if desired project into a slot 75 in the upper end of the adjusting sleeve, so th@Lt the pins are concealed when the stop ring is in its nbrmal Abutting r6lation to the adjusting sleeve. The stop ring is normally lield against rotation with respect to the body of the tool by serrations 71 encircling tlae tool body in position to be engaged by complementary serrations carried by the sfop ring. The serrated portion of the stop ring is provided by serrations formed upon the inner end of a screw 78, which is not screwed in tightly enough to set the parts tightly, but allows the stop ring to slide longitudinally, the compleirentary serrations acting as splines, allowing the ring to slide but not to turn upon the tool body. The arrangement will be seen to be such as to allow the serrated parts to be disengaged, to permit the screw 78 to travel freely in a slot 79, thus allowing the ring to be turned to reset the stop at any desired position when desired, to compensate for wear of the abrasives, etc. A spring-pressed ball detent 80 iormally maintains the stop ring in locked position, but is releasable when sufficient effort is exerted upon the ring to move it away from the adjusting sleeve. The abrasive is reciprocable along the inclined top of the track cam independently of the rerriainder of the tool, the track cam being shaped to maintain it in engagement with the work. ReciDrocati6n of the stones or abrasive is effected by me,@lns of a sleeve assembly 2 1 A, slidable upon lie tool body and connected to the cari-iage by a iink 45 articulated to the sleeve assembly and to the carriage, and arranged to travel freely in tiie slot 20A. Being swingable in the slot and pivoted at both ends, the link does not interfere ,,;ith radial adjustment of the carriage during r@iovement of the track cam. The means for reciprocating the abrasive is s.'L'Iow-@i as comprising a hydraulic cylinder 90 v;ithiii which is a piston 92 having a rod 93 cbnr,.ected by mearls of a yoke 5 0 to thesleeve 2 1 A, the yoke being fitted in a groove 22A ther6in and acting when the piston is reciprocated by laydi'aiilic pressure from a suitable source (not -,-!).o-%vn) to reciprocate the sleeve 21A and so the abrasive 1;.A. The hydraulic fluid is supplied through a feed pipe 95 and a twoway valve 97 which alternately directs the fluid on opposite sides of the piston, the.valve being triliped aut6matically by valve rod 98 actuable by movement of the piston to change the flow of fluid and reverse the movement of the Piston as the latter approaches the end of its stroke. :il-) The tool body is shbwn as provid6d with a tapered shank I IA having a cro@s @in 52 adapted to project into a c6riformably shaped sock@t 54 formed in the spindle 1 55 of the machine (fragiiie,.itarily shown at 100) which drives the tool. ',I The spindle carries a nut 57 engageable with the pin 52 and which @vhen sc'@ewed up 16cks the tool in the machine. A further modification 'u@ s 9 .@howii in Fig e and 10 is adapted to h(ine the external surfac.e of 4 5cylindrical work, designated W2, which may be fed continubusly or in any desir&d lengths through the hollow int:erior of th6 tool. It w- I be understbod that the spindl6 of th' ' II e machine by wwch the tool is driven may iik6@rise be of 50 hollow cbnstruction to p6rinit sueh c6ntilluous feed. The enlarged head 14B 6f th@6 t6ol is provided with a plurality 6f radial slots 20t, extending longitudinally the@ebf. Th6se .@lots fi@e radially aligned with the a@r'asiVes, 1513, which 55 are individually carried in elongated holders 16B. '!I-ie holders ext'end rearwardly aiid @ll ar6 @6cured, as by means of screws i 9B, to a @le6ve 2 1 B, slidable along the body of the tool and actuable, as by means of the Srolce 50B, to r6ciprocate the 60 abrasives along the surfa@ce of the work. The out-turiied rear ends.of the holders' 16B which r,eceive the screws 19B proi6ct t,hrough slots 62 in the shank iDf the tool. The holders 1613 are s,,ffi-iciently flexible to permit radi@l 'adjustirfent 65 of the stones, and are l(i@gitudinally s 4 lidable wh--@'le in engagerrient with the thrust members 65. One of the thrust membeis 65 is tra ped and I P radially movable in each of the sl6ts 20B, behind the abrasive hold6r 161@. Ea . ch member 65 has 70 a tapered outer surfac6 and is movable inwardly, to force tl-ie stone against th,-- wol:k, by mbans oi' an adjusting cam 24B. The cams ai;e @horter than the presser members, and lo@ngitiadiiially slidabie in the si(its 20B. E@ch cam i@ k-ey'e@d to 75 move longitudinally with the adjustihq -doll@r 40B,

)Portions of the co!!Ar overhanging each end of each cam. The collar is threaded and rotatable upon the body 13B. It will be seen that when tlle collar is rotated, therefore, the cam 24B is carried lengthwise along the tool, its inward 5 movement serving to force the abrasives into bl-ie work, while outward movement thereof relieves the pressure upon the abrasives. The inner end of the adjusting collar carries a lock ring 66 threaded or otherwise secured thereupon and 10 overhanging 'Lhe inner ends of the adjusting cams 24B, between which and the lock ring a bearing ring as 67 may also be interposed. The shank of the tool is provided with a ball portion i2B from wliieh pins 52B pr<)ject radially 15 to engage a suitable coupling (unshown) carried by the spindle of the driving raaellne (also unshown). In the modified constructior. shown in Figures 11 and 12 the body 12C of the tool is secured to. @o a centrai shaft 200, rotatable, through the coupling portion I IC, by any suitable machine or driving mechanism (not shown). The body is sectired t6 the central shaft by a screw 84 extending through the head portion 14C of the body by a set sc-iew 84, and provided with long-"tudinal slots 20C through certain of which ex@uend longitudinally reciprocable stones or other working abrasives 15C, these being also radially movable. The stones are arranged in sets, the @,3 stones designated 15C secured to a sleeve 2 IC, while the stones designated 15D are secured to another sleeve, 21D. The sleeves 21C, 21D are concentric with and independently slidable upon the tool body, the stones being mounted in individual holders 16C, IGD, prdjecting rearwardly inside the body, and individually secured to the sleeves 2!C, 2iD, respectively. An additional set of stones, II.E, are longer ond held in the slots against longi6udinal moveir.Lent but movably ra- 40 dially thereip. The stones 15E are mounted in holders IOC which are radially movable, thru thrust blocks 65D, by the same adjusting cam 24C which controls the radial positioning of the stones 15C, 15D. The tool body is both rotatable and reciprocable by the machine, so that the stones 15E are rotated and moved longitudinally while in contact with the work. Endless springs 202 encircle the head of the tool a,.ld bear inwardly upon the stone holders 65D to retract abrasives 15E. I )O The sleeves 21C, 2iD are provided with follower portions 85D respectively, adapted to engage a cam 88, encirciing and free upon the tool, and adapted to be held against rotation therewi-thbymeansofastudgo. T hesleevesandtheir,,.),,) followers, being keyed to the tool body to rotate therewith, are driven longitudinally by the cam 88 when the tool is rotated and the cam held against ro'uation. Springs 89C, 89D serve to return the sleeves and followers and keep the latter (io ,.n proper engagement with the cam. Between the actuating sleeves aiid tool body is an adjust-Ing sleeve 30C, also longitudinally slidabie aloiig the body, but keyed to rotate therewith by means of a pin SBC projecting through (;,,) the body and through slots (undesignated) in the sleeve. A fi,usto-c-,nical cam portion 24C carried at the end of the adjusting sleeve bears outwardly against thrust blocks 65C, 65D, one of which is 70 arranged beneath each tool holder. The tool holders 18C, IOD are flexible, and adapted to be flexed outwai,diy wheri the blocks 66C are forced outwardly with sufficient force by the adjusting cam 24C, while when such pressure is 7,5 3 relaxed, the stone liolder8 tenct to keturn to indrawn position. An adjusting collar 40C is rotatable upon the tool body, but keyed thereto againstlongitudinal movement, and threaded to engage the complementarily threaded extremity of the adjusting sleeve 30C, so that by rotation of collar 40C the cam 24C may be moved longitudinally, to adjust the feed in the manner descri-bed. A stop ring 70C may also be provided, the arrangement and operation of which may correspond to those of the stop ring 70 described in connection with the embodiment of Figure 5. The cam 85D is of undwating contour, and followers 21C, 21D are preferably so arranged that the stones 15C, 15D are moved in oppositedirections by the cam, although it will be appreciated that the followers may be positioned in any desired relative positions with respect to the high and low portions of the cam, to give the abrasives any of various different relative motions, while a compound motion is imparted thereto by rbciprocation of the tool as a whole, which gives a still different motion to stones 15E. We are aware that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and we therefore desire the pregent embodiments to be considered in all respects asillustrative and not restrictive; reference bein.- had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention. It will be understood that the words "stone" 9,nd "abrasive" are used herein in the usual trade sense as meaning any of the commercially available and suitable "abrasive sticks," which are made of natural or artifici,.),l stone; usually the latter, although the type of abrasive may be varied as desired. What we