claim is: 1. Process of separating a mineral ofl containing parafflnic and naphthenic type constituents into two liquid phases, one of which is relatively naphthenic, which comprises commingling tively parafawe and the other of which is rela- 45 the mineral oil to be separated with aparafdnic solvent of the group consisting of liquefied, normally-gageous hydrocarbons aiid petroleum ether, and with a naphtheale solvent mixture 6ontain50 ing a selective naphthenic solvent having as broad a solvent pgwer as nitrobenzene for. all non-parafawe constituents of the oU, and another naphthenic solvent which has a relatively limited solvent 'power, controlling the temperature of the 515 mwure at a point whe.re. the broad and limited solvents are miscible to but a Umited extent with the parafftwe solvent and cause an eff-ectiv6 separation of the oil Into layers, and separating.the layers thus produced. 00 2. Process as claimed In claim I wherein the limited solvent has a markedly Iligher n3jSCibilitY ParaMWe solvents, Is shown in Mg. 3 and bas@, 'Paraffinic and naphthenic solvents between the 70 bepu dicu&sed In more detafl hereinabove. points where the solvents are introduced. Ptom-the foregoing It wM be-Wm that an imHARLEY TUTTLE, than has the. S. Proc ess claim I wherein said 05. paraffinic solvent is liquefled propane.' 4. Process as claimed in otaim I wherein the oil treated Is a residual oil, and wherein the residual oil is Introduced to the,presenc e of both aflin , respectively, so-that a clean, clear separa.@ temperature with the paraffinic solvent and oil

Patented Mar. 7, 11939 2 @ 1 4 9 9 3 2 2 . UNITED STATES PkT]kNT - OFFICEOIL AMG PSOMFM brale" Hula Tat" Now BachA% N. Y. skl"r to N= IL & Co., ftc, Now TOR% N. T., a eorpwatim of lhkwaft 'AMUMUM B"Oembw S. 19.%. SUW No. NMI Xammmd Novembw 4, lU7 4 ClabiL (CL 198--it) This lnvenum perw= to an Imp mkm.al oil by Inems of =r= par&Mnic or lubricatim ftiwuongof a minmal all. Of reftft frora the nmpar&Mnic (naphthenk),.or tam narmenic swvents vhtch "mate the oU Into fractions of the 6il,. the wveral non-pasmnic relattvdy Par&MWc and napmenic fractions. conautuents beft removed In. a unitary opem-' 5 The Preamt appuestion. embraces matter ditiox@. 5 vided frcin 'my covending 'appue@ation Ber. No. The wmbinft of solvents should be done under M,483'Med'JuIY20,IM.entitlerd"Proomesand conditior;xsuchthatthetendencyorcapacityof. for mpamtion of'mine@ oilel-i 'C)ne, mamer of curying out tWa prgcm is dawzibed iu io mY United States Letten Patent 1,912,%g, imied MO SQ, IOU. Through my Invention it is possible to sepamte a residual mineral oU into its wvmml components, or w=Utuentm6 and ln(re PwUcularlY into' & 15 lubrimtbw oil fr%W(m cOnt&WM BubstanU&UY aM of the bigh-boiling par&Mm and into another fraction containing nubstantlauy &U of the nonparaffkdc'or a)@caued ',Imphthenic" values of the odginal oil. 7bb lost fraction may be bro&diy 2o termed a iam porum As " In my apPM*tim ObOve idenUfM-'s clean sepamtio4 Of the Psrafiftfle Rn4 NOILparaffinic -fftctlons of a; mixed-baw -oU may be obt4Lined by the. simultaneous trestmezxt of the 26 origiraal oU with a adtable paraffinic odvent such as propane ind a general solvent for. the naphthmic values such as nitrobenme, the reradual advent capacity of which for pe@@ce is compennaed for or reduced to ' a minimum by the 30 parafAWe solvent chown I Aocording to tble ;W@wt Invention, there Is i)rovided a proem 6f sftmthw a mineral ofl containing paraffinic and naphthenic cozLsUtuentsiato two Uquid Ph&Wg, idne of, which Is rela35 tiv3ly parallwe and the other'of wbich is relativelynaphthente, which ecinprim commingiiiw the mhm-al oil to be wpamtea with a paramwc, solvent of the rmp consistim,of UauefW, nor, nallv wwmus hydrocarbons, and petroleum ether, 40 with a napbthenic solvent mixture cont&Wng naphthenic. solvent havim as br6ad a ,iolvent, power, aA nitrobennne for &U ngn-paraMWe can%, sutuents of the CH, and another naphthenic advent which bas a relatively limited advent , controlftg the tempmture of the naxture power at a point where the broad and limited solvents are misdble to but, & Umited extent with t ,@ie par&MWO solvent@"&nd thus Amuw an effective @eepamtion of the oil into jayers,,gnd sepmting 56 the layers thus produced. The proem is psrticululy iavantageous in cormwuon with the treatment of residxw 'oils which contain upwards of40 per cent. of nonparaminic constituents induding napbthenes, aromatlcs. and asphalteneslthe sdvent for pw&MWce to dimidve non-paramnies in addition-tc) the paraffinic values, normail diagoved 'therein, is compensat6d for, or 10 balan&- d by a like capadty of the advent for non'Paraffk nics,, to @dtadve ParafAWce U WeU as the 'naphthe nice or non-paraMMes. @ In the:now mbeet of the dmwing accmpan@ing the prew:dt ilpplication and -tormtu a Pait t4ere-@ 15 'of, tli@- re Is. abown@- In M , g. I a whematic r@-presentauon of the distribution of the conoutuents of,mineral oil In the different Wm of cmde mineral oUs. In'P ig. 2 there Is shown an ide0zed repregenta- 20 Oon of a Md-Cmtinent cmde, together, with a gmphical reprewnt&Uon of the solvent effect of" a @vaxiety or'individual solvents on the several co=Utue nts of the o.U. , Iii PU. 3 there is. CliWoWd@ gMphIC&I rep- 25-- resentati on of Bow sheet lndicatim the combm&- tion of prefernd perath2le and non-@a@c solvents' and th-e substitutes, or'equivalents, preferW31y, as UUised in the prodm of the idrewnt 50 1,,,ventlo n. Ref errft to the drawhx, there is shown-ih Mg. 1 a representation of iuustrative crude oil stocks in which the non-p&rWRWe constituents mayva . i7 from as little as 8 per cent. of thecrude oJI stock'to as much as 65 per cent. of the cmde oil stock. It is In the treitment of the latter type of oil tbst the present inventiou'la particula@ly uwfWI, Wfer rim to Pig.. 2,"there is shown dbgrmm&Ueall y how different . sol*ents, vary in th)eir 40 capadty to diwolve the sivOW tym of nonpAraMW e consutuents of crude oil stocks. -For instancei sulphur dioidde and furfuml a;ke 'both extremol y. limited solv;ents which only dimolve a 45 n a@nd a Umitect range of conminute PrOPOrtiO stituents. solventr. like nitrobenwne, nitro'toluenle and cresYUe acid dissolve substantiauy an the noji-paraffirde constituents, naphthenes, arorasties and asphaltenes, an:d, 50 when used iu a single solvent systein. also dissol@e a substantial -proportion of paraffinic oil. However ' in the double solvent. counterflow astem employing both par&Mnic'.and -naphthenid #6 comblin the dtrect and cleau sepwmuott of the s$vent4% the pw%Mnic solvent producqs i6 clem

separation ot'paraflhdc on fibm non-parafwc oil fraction. Thts Is best Plustrated In Mg. 3, where It Is shown tiiat the dil to be treated is Introduced, 5. in the preferred form of the in@,ention, at the middle of the system so that the fresh paraffinic solvent risqs, after washing the naphthenic extract, and-the mixture of non-paraf[Inle solvents settles, through the crude oil, after washing the 10 paraffinic fraction at the upper end of the system. In the drawing, there are shown various exampies of suitable solvents which may be combined, -according to the present invention. ]For Instance, when a smar proportion of a Jimited, 15 non-paraffinic solvent is combined with a large proportion of' a broad, non-paraffinic solvent, such as cresylic acid, a nonparEtffiWc solvent is obtained which may, be used with a paraffwc solvent, such as propane, to produce i6 good sep20 aration of the lubricating constituents of a residual oil from the non-paraffinic constituents, of the.oil. The broad solvents which dissolve all the nonparaffinic constituents Including naphthenes, ?j aromatics and asphaltenes may- thus be made particularly efeective.by, incorporating therewith suitable amounts. of limited, s6lv6nts which dissolve, onl@@ certain small proportions of @ some of the non-paraiflni6 constituents. So While propazie has been described as a preferred parafM2ic solvent it is to be noted that It is most effleient when used with any of nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene or the organic tar acids and their I derivatives. Further, Its use may be extended by,,proper proportioning of the nonpa - r affinic or "naphtheniell solvent members. The higher bofling parafftwo solvents tend to ,lower the crltical solution temperature of I the duo-solvent system and when solvents are emoyed of the 11 class of pytidine, anjline, and 40, PI furfural resulting In high critical solution temperature with @ropane, the higher 'boiling paraffinic solvents may. be substituted to lower the. -C.@ S. T-. (critical solution temperature) 'and so lnereage the solubmty of oil in the naphthento 45 solvent. It wlU be appreciated that the present Invention comprehends as an integral part of the process theregf, that solvents of medium or average solvent capacity for either paraffins or Aon-par50- affim or sb-caued "naphthenies'@ of mineral 6ils may be used together In. suitable proportions. to provi4e mutually immigeibl@ two-solvent-layer systems. It WIR be appreciated further, from the -that the solveiit effect of the several data herein, tolvents of mediql solv6nt capacity may be dupucated or approxiihated by the proper combination of broad solventsi as presented above,,with limited solvents. It Jo to.be noted that the capacity of the so solvent materials, eit]2er for paraffln or nonParafdm, may be compensated for by the use of appropriate solvents for non-parafftns and partion of the paraMWe or lubricating constituents of a mineral oU may be separated from the nonparafflnie.oi tar-forniing naphthenic constituents. The various combinations of Individual solvents .to effect or glye rise to composite solventif apTo Proximating the preferred parammic and nonp@rtant feature of the present discovery resides in the. fact that non-parafmc solvents of progressi@ely greater general solvent power for all,of the constituents of mineral OHS as well as the non-paraffinic constituenis thereof, may be 5 combined with other solvents for non-paraffinics, or certain constituents thereof, to form restricted solvents which may be.used with para:Mnie, Solvents of restricted solvent capacity for non-paraffinics whereby to complement the same and 10 -permit the securing of effective and clean separation of the paraffinic values of an oil from the non-paraffinic values thereof. As an important feattire of this method it Is to be noted that thei composite solvents for the non-paraffinics must be 15 substantially immisible or insoluble in the solvents used for dissolving the para:Mnies in a mineral oil. Fmther, the said solvent for paraffinies and the solvent for non-paraffinics, or "naphthenies", must be characterized by SUCH 20 dJlTerences In their speciflc gravities that the formation of tw.o-layer system's is furthered and made possible so as to permit the ready and eflicient separation of the solvent systems and their respectively dissolved mineral oll fractions 25 from each other. Thus by employing a paraffinic solvpnt I'n com'bination with a mixture of non-paraffinic Solvents, one of which has 9, broad solvent capacity for all non-parafflpic oils, as we 11 as'some sol- 0 relatively Iii@ited solvent capacity, not only may 3 vent capacity for parafflnic oils, and one having a an efficient separation of the oil be obtained, but also the critical solution teznperature may be controlled at a suitable temperature for satis- 35 fact6rily rapid separation of the oil into layers. It is to be understood that this invention Is not to be limited by &O theory of operation expressed or by any example given, and that It ineludes modifications and variations falling within 40 the appended claims. What I