[1]Patented Sept. 1, 1931 1 9 8 2 1 9 1 6 9 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HARLEY H. 1,A VERCOMBE, OF DETROIT, MICI-IIC-AN, A-QSIGNOR TO A33RASI,VE .7:,NGINEERING CORPORATION, OF DETROIT, I!IICHIGAN, A CORPORATIOIT OF MICHIGAN ABRASIVE TESTING NACHINE Application filed August 28, 1925. Serial No. 52,974. This iiivention relates to machines for testii-ig griiidiiig wheels to secure definite data as to 'cheir Nvearing and abrasive qualities so th,,tt their adapt,,tbility to different classes of work jiiay be properly ascertained. These qualities are not necessarily dependeiit -Lipoii the size, nature or sharpness of the abrasive material itsel'L, but are Lisually dependent to ,t considetable extent upoii the io maiiner in which the @rains of such material are supported, it being understood that the niatrix or binder bv which the saicl graiiis are held touetlier iiia,y vary considerably aiid thus alter or inguence the cuti5 tiiig qualities of the abrasive iiiaterial itself, as well as the ability of tl-ic iiiaterial to withSL,and wear. Devices have beeii suggested from tiine to tijiie ' in the fori-ii of iiiachines adapted to 20 sub-ect a test piece of steel, or otlier material, to the action of a stone so that the eiTe6t of the stonp, on the ii-tateiial and the efrect of the mater'l,-LI on the stone r.,iay be observeOL, aiid a grading of the stone as to its 25 abrasive and -vvearii-ig qualities arrived at. Poi-- ex-,tiiaple, the iiiachines described in United States Lettbrs Pateiits granted to iiie,, Nos. 1 435 314, dated Noveinber 14, 1922, ,Ind 1,44-6,977, dated February 27, 1923, are 30 of this type. The present iiiveiition has for its object to eff2ect sl@-ill ftirther improveinents over the iiiachines hi-therto kno",n, whereby the gradiDo- of oi-indin(y wheels according to abrasive t@ tn r, 35, and Nvearing qualities iiia-y be iiiuch more clos@ly determined. To 'Uhis end the said invention further ain-is in such a i-nachine to ensure a constant 4o periplieral speed of the grindinu surface iri,espeetive of the eircui-iiference a the grindiiig wheel being tested tnd the wear of the stoiie or of the test piece, wherefore provisioil is iiiede for the rot@ting of a stone at a speecl invei-sely proportional to its diameter. 45 The invention has as a further obje6t to provide for the deterininiiig of uniforiiiity of %-,,-eLring quality in a wheel whereby uneven wear thereof n-iay be readily detecte(i,. aiid the exteiit ol' siich i-ineven wear asee:rbo tained; still further objects being to provide forvariationof thepressureof thetest , piece on the arindinowl-ieel, as ivell as providing a inethod of @'plying pressure to the test ap piece without inaterially inereasing'the load on the beariiigs in which the spindle carry- L,.-, ing the test piece is iiiounted. Still further objects subsidiary to or resulting from the aforesaid objects, or froi-a the construction or operation of theilivention as it n-iay be carried iiito eftect, will (@(i become apparent as tl-ie said iiivention is hereiiiafter further disclosed. In carryiiig the inventioii into eitect I may provide a testiiig iiiachiiie with a horizontally mounted and vertically adjustable ti.-) grinding lvheel arbor adapted for tlie.reception of a wheel to be tested, aiid a vertic,,tl rotary spindle positioned aiid adapted to support a test piece such as of steel in contact with the top of a wlieel iiiounted on said 7( arbor, said spindle being verticallv illovable and -weighted so that the test pieed ivill rest on the periphery of the said griiidiii- wheel with a definite pressure, driving' iiieans effecting the rotation of said spindle and, 7,5 tlirougli suitable geai-ing, the rotatioll of a fric'(,ion pinion vertically iiiovable over the face of a friqtion disl- carried by said arinding@wheel arbor, whereby upon the raising of said arbor to brino- a urindit-ig -wheel into 80 contact with the tescpi@ce, said pinion approaches the axis of sftid disk to ai-i e.,@tent governed by the dian-ieter of the wheel; and the speed of the arbor is accordinlyly inversely proportional to such di@meter. 85 Means are provided for determining the nuiiiber of revolu'uions i,-iade by said pinion or said spindle and for throwiiig the inachine out of oper,,ttion upon a predeteri-iiined iiuinber of revolutions beiilg attaille-,I. 90 All of which is more p,,trticularly described and ascertained hereinafter, by way of exan-iple, having reference to the accompanying drawings, whereinFigure I is a perspective view of an abra- 9@5 sive testing machine embodying my improvements; Fioure 2 is a side, el.evation of tlie:same, partry in section and partly broken away; Figure 3 is a fragmentary, sectional de- 01)
[2]2 - 17821,169 tail view taken on the line 3x-3x, Fioure 2; Fi-tire 4 is a plan of the Lipper portion of the m,,tchine, and Fi(yure 5 is ,t plan view of- the machine witli Z!l the Lipper cover plate removed. Siiiiil,tr charact-3rs of reference indicate similar p,,)Yts in the several figi-ires of the dr,,twings, alid FigLire I is drawii to a sm,,tller scale, tl-i,,t-n the rem,,tining fl,-ures. The body struct-Lire or peclestal I of the :3 ma-chine illustrated is sho-v@,n ,)s having n-ioilnted thereon an -Lipper structure 2 in .wh h the driving ,i-Ticl gear meel-ianism is IC arrakged, ,ind on tli-, sgid peclestal 1 is a vertically slid,,ible bearin@,- iiiember 3 which is acljustable iii its vertical mo%,-ement by me,,tns of ,, hancl wheel 4 threaclecl onto a fixeci feedscrew 5 whicb, extends Lipwardi y from the b,-tse of the pedestal throligh ,t boss 6 on the lower p,,trt of -,-he said sliclable be,,iring membei- 3. In this bearing mei-nber or slide is mountecl -. horizont,,il griiidinu wb.eel ,trbor '( acltpted to rece,@ve a grincliii; wheel 8 whicli may be securecl thereon in any convenient iiianner such as b,)7 t-lie -Lisual pl,,tte 9, coll,.lr 10 and seci-iring P-ut 11. Oii the opposite end of the ,@,,ticl arbor is ,t, friction disk 12 of slibstanti,,tl cliimeter. The said -Lipper str-Licture 2 is sl)own as bein,- in the form of a @_-ear housin@ and 9,lso forms the housinp, for ,t tes _ I t cup sp@l_ndle 13. tl-io Lipper encl of the said structurc,, 9, bein closed by ,t cover plate, 14 ivhich, sLipports a jack shaft 15 Lipor, -which is mo-Linted a, -iaft pulley 17, dri ving I)ulley 16 ,tncl a jack sl 'which, througli a belt 18, drives It coli@ter,I-iaft pulley 19 mounted oii a @pi clle 20 extending outwardly of the spindle holisino,. TI-ie saicl spindie 13 is vertictlly slidable in and rot,.tt,,tble witli a sleeve 21 wh-@ei-I is provicled with ,Ln operatiiig pulley 29- over wliiel-i a belt 23 extencls cq-'clecl' b icller , , 11 y pullevs 24 ancl 25, and on t'ne loi%,er eiicl of the @@icl sleeve 21- is nio-Linted ,t worm 26 Wbich meshe,3 witi-i a ,vorin WI-ieel 2@ iiiotinted on a shaft 28 extendine@ traT-iSl7erSely of the gei,- housinu. This sllaft --Ilso c,,@-rries ,t sproeltet wlieei29 wbich, tliroLigh t-lie mecl-iii-m of 11 chaiii So aiid s,, - )roei7,et wbeel 31-1 i,; eitects tl-ie rotatioii of ,t fi-irthc-r shtft 3q li'lountecl in the sp@id hoLisii-iff and Vne conseq-Lient rotation oi' ,t bei,el @-e@r 33 ,tiso moiintecl o@-i ti-ie s-,icl sbift 32. Z7' L'he gear '.@3 is housect in tl-io @@ipper el-icl of a liollow ,trm 34 sivingably i-nounte(l. on the sticl sha - ft 32 , exte-@ids ctitw,,.ird.ly of the strlicture 2 for t@-iqt -Prtri)ose, aiicl 9,5 is t rotary spiiidle joLiri-ialecl -in th(, sticl ,trin provide(-l ,it its -Lipr@er ellel bevel ge,,tr 36 ineshing wi-tb- tl-ie qforesaid bevel gear 33, arcl at'its lo@ier end with ,L friction whee,. 3@ Nvliieh eii@,,a.,Yes tlie face of the friction clisk 12 unoer @ho nfliioiiee o-i' ,, i7@@ight 38 wliieh ex-rts pressure of the C,@@ frici',icn i-,,heel 13't ,igaiiist 'Uhe disk 12. It will be apparent t-l-iat iii this w.,Ly the grinding wheel arbor 7 is rotated a'u the sai-iie tii-ne as tiie test cup spinclle 19, I)I@0vided that the friction wheel 31-@' -,Liid 12 .ire in contact, althoiigh 'ulie arill 3zi iiiLl'Y do be swtin,,r olitwarclly of the sai(I disk 12 @ Iinst the res,@'stance of ,t spring 39 sitiiatecl bet-,veen 'the gear housii-ig an,-l a stop 40 carried by a projection 41 or. the upper part of tl-ie TI-ie stop 40 be justable, as by being in the form of a ri-Lit 'i5 motintea -Lipon a thre-,Ided roci 42, so t'la@L, tlie pressure of the spri-ng m,@t- o var @ b i -@ (T. This arraiigeitient permits of aclj-Lis'Ui-nent of tl-ie press,,ire of the wheel 37 a(yalnst disk 80 12. '@"he. testing of :,D-rindstones with this (levice is eff-ected by bringing ii-it(,- coiit,,.ct wi-tli th-- peripherv of the ptindinu wlieel ,t test piece of steel or otl-ier suitab-@-e ii'late-L-lal iibich I prefer ',O provide in t'iie --form of inverted test cup, s-Lich ,is 43, seciiiecl oii the lower eiicl of tl-ie test c-LLp spindle I' by t iitit z-L4, this etip beiii- rot,,ttecl iTi coi-itact wi-tli tlie periphery of tl-ie wheel wheri 'Lhe 90 machine is in operttion aiid the (yrindiilg wheel rotatecl at the saine time by the fric'u-ion wheel 37 .),nGI tl-ie disli: 12. Upoii the m6Liiitiiiu of the griii@tiii(y iilieel t-6 be testecl oi-i the arbor, ti-ie slie[e 3 is theii 9ti r-)i@sed b)T the oper@ition of the hLTid wi-@eel 4 tintil the peripl-iery ol' the vheel engi(res the test 1)iece tnd r@tises the s,,Line to,-ether with t@-ie-spindle 13 to a stifficied-t exten'u to eiisure ,) full pressi-Lre of ti-,e test -i-)iece LIPON t-l-ie 1--rindin wheel, this pres@ure'be-ng deg terliiii-iecl bv @uhe ,tppl- j'.Catiop- of wei-bts 45 to a -,nieinbp-r 46 preferlbly pointecl at 4'i at its lower end which rests tipon the upper encl of the sl:)indle 13. The member 46 is t,lii-e,,tcled ,it 46a for adjustment iii ,i s-Lipportin(-, meiiiber 48 ex"- ei-idiii(y above f@lie s,,@id tes'@ 105 LI cup spinole. When the grindstoi-ie is raiseci into coiitp-ct with the test clip ihe disk 12 is als,) 110 raiseci as will be obvioiis, and it will be readily iinclerstoocl th,,tt the smaller the diametei, of the grinds'u-one, the hip,,her it is necessary to lift the disk 12, ancl the closer tl-@e fr.'Letion wheel 3@ api)roacles the -,txis of tle 115 s-,,.id clisk. Therefo;e, the sn-ialler the (liap.,- eter of the grinding v@,heel the faster it -will be rotatecl, so th,,tt the peripheral speed o-i' t:be o-rinding wheel -vvill be ,-)ractically tli(, same, irresl)ective of its size.- This enqblc,,,, i?u grinding wheels of different sizes to be tes@- e-d to all inte-nts and p-Lirposes tinder precisely the saiiie etitting conditions, ancl two -,rinding wlieels of equil abrasii,e quali't-N, should 'uherefore eitect a@@i equal -,iear of tli'e i@15 test cup in a test e@Lrried over equ@tl period,,@ of operation of thei-nachine, ii-respective of substantial differences in the diameter of the grindstones. 1 In order, to make proper comparisons of i3o
[3]the abrasive qualities of grindiiig wheels at-id to.aseertaiii defiiiitely the amount of@iiiaterial (yi-ound froi-n the test cup for a (Ylve-n ntil-l,,ber of feet of griiidiiig sur'Lace applied to 4uhe test cup, indicat-ing aiid tiiniiig mears are provided, adp-i,'@t@',ing of the prede@,ei@-ii-iil-ii-no@ of tlie nuinber of revolutions of the test eul:) and of the i-iumber of surface, feet of the grinoiiig wlieel to be applied thei-eto, together -with the autoi-natic discontinuance of the testing operation whe--,i such ntimber of revollitions has been attained. Thes-- means include a cam 49 mounted on one end of tl-ie shaft 28, which exten(-Is througla the gear holising, and an arm 50 swingably mount-Id oii the sa;id housing at 51 and provided at i-tg outer end with a panvi 52 engagingp-ripheral teeth of a dial plate 53 so that upo_n each revolution of the worm ivheel 27 the cam Nvill actuate the s-id paivl 52 the yieldin(, resiftance of a ])a,",l kspr;lno- 5,1 and eitect partial rot,,Ltion of the said dial plate to the extent of the pi'Llch of its per;.pheral teeth. The diall plate, is provided on its -Lnuer side witli a, pin or projection 55, aiid I.,6 is a dial poin't-ler indicati-ng the position of 'Uhe said pin 55 relative to ti trip meiiibei- 57 hingedly carried by thp_ eiid of the clowt-iwardly del)ending ai-in 58 of a bell crank lever which is fulerumed @Lt 59 to the cover plate of the gear housin(Il. The ui)per arm 60 of the bell crank lever is forke(i aiid enga(-es the underside of a coll,,tr oi@ aiinulaiprojectioii 61 on the test cup spindle, e Th trip inember 57 rests upon a stop 62 ai-id is provided with a shotilder 63 ivitll which the said stop eiigages, 64 being a @-'Pring teiidiiig to effect the iiiovement of i'he arm 58 of the bell crank lever aivay from the dial plate ajid to thereby eitect the raisiay of the upper iiiember 60 of the bell crank @7, lever, this tendency of the spriii(,34 being restrained during the operatioii ofthe machine by the e@@igageineiit of the sa-.d stop 62 ivith the ',- houlder 63 of t-,ie tr ip member. The object of 'uhe projection 55 cii the dial plate is to eftect the release of the said ti-ip inember froin the stop -wheii @uhe projectiol-I as a reslilt of the rotation of the dial plate by the pawl 52, enga _ges benea,L-h the ou'L-er end of the, said, trip meniber ii-fts 'tt, ,qi-id the di I pl@-.te is provided wilh'a kii, -)b a 65 by meaiis of which it m- ay be iiianual. ly rotated to set the projection 55 in si-ich po-sitioii ti-iat it ",ill reiease the 'Urip member 57 f t-@oiii its stop 62 tipon tl-ie ct-,ii lialti@ng le C a prede@$-Ierpiined Puii-iber of I-evolu'U-10,-),s The st'd dial p 1 late is preferably iiidexed s at 66 so that the pointer 56 ivill show tl nui-nber of revolutioiis rcqttired to ettect t diseiigagemeiit of the tr-tp iiiember 57, whi disenga(rement is accompanied by the lifting of tl-ie test cup spindle due to the upward swinging of the arin 60 of the bell craijl-, lever under the influence of th6 sprii-i- 64, whereupoii the test etip 43 is lifted out of co--iitact ivith the grildi-Tig Nvheel. In 11-estin,r i grind;.ii,,r -v,-he-11 it is pl,,icecl upoii tiae arbo@.- Pr';)or adjusteOL -L'o ",he tos'U clil,:) i@i lu-he li(.,rc,,;iibcfo,.e describpd, the 'L.Pip jiiember 57 firsu eiigaged wit-'la the s@'op 62 for -v-,,hieh p-tlrpo:7,(' IS d6 a liaiclie 67 -is tild the set in opoi-,t@t loii if @ e-, "he d;.al pialu-,-, has bee-ii set to 1,)Yovicle for tlie iiul,.iiber of revoliitiors of the spind,'.e req,,i,"i-ed. The oi)er,,ttic,-q of tl-ie then coiiti@ities i-in-uil siich @ nliii-ibei- of i-ei-oluti-ons o'L the sl)ii-i@tle 01) lias be,-ii effecte-J, the revoirt-iolis of tli-, grindiiiwhe-ol bein(r o,,)i7ei-ned by the size of t'.1c Nvheel -,is has ilso be,@ll d,'@se,@,ibe(l,; ,:., 11 wh,-.n the I)ii-i 55 tr;@ps the ti@il3 57, t,-ie tesk@ cul,, 43 -is 1.,:"@ed out of coiitac,@@ -v,,,itii tlle -rii-id,ng -whee-I b@, 'Llic ictioi o-fthe spi!,.,.i@4. The 'Lles'u c-c.@p is tlie@,i i-neislired 'co ti,iii to -vthit exteiii, it liaz@ bto--i abrt,',eCt b-)T the w'lleol, @@iid the gi-iiidii)(, v,,heel @@j i-s also iiieisui-ed to to extei-i', it h,%s been i-vorl. an-.I -,,s ,. iluiliber of stir-L",tce feet of the (y@iiicis'@,o@ie 'i@ive becii brouglit -'Lp-to abi@aCliT-ig w;ltli the. of the test up Otefiii tely cup, the weal- c indicate t'iie abradi@i,- qi,,,i,litv o-IL the gi-ii,(l iii@g -@v-heel, a.-,id 'Llic (,T- @'-Iie grindiii(r Z, vvlieel wli.1 it,, qlipliuv. If a-.iother @,,Yriii@Asto-,ie be 4L'i-,n for thtt previoiisly 'iested ti-t(l t'lle (!;-.,I pl,,.,Le 0,7 @ 'ti -, -ti-@ -i 4 -ie coiiipl -@et '@o the I)rei,i ',Ls @-et- n,) 11 'et;-on of @ furLIier tcs@l, t'lle same Pi)-iotiiit ol" wear oii 'Lhe test cup -is a-n ii-.Lclica'L"- 'Loii th.,-it the qecoijd gi-iiidij-@g i-,,I-.eel is of the, sai-ii@ -bradin,,- qi,,ali@)T as tl,-- p,-,- ,viously 'ested z,)6 - z-' wh--e'i, irre,@;I)ect-.ve of aii.17 di,@'iereiiee ii tlc size of the A17heels, till.d of cotirse ti-ie qttall'ties of tic Avlieels ii'l,--ty be I-tkewise comparecl. It will 1180 13c alpai,eiilu- tlilt tineieii wear - "eQt if o,"t'ul-,-e ai-iridstoiie ivill m,,ijli;- ., -self iii a no iceable ii-,.d fill;-Ilg of tes'Ll Cup spiiiotle. tf@-er tlte tesf it is quite e,,isy to adj-List 'the, stono so t'--Iat its 'I-ow spot 4is diiect,'-y beiie,,t.tii cup -,ii-d thei,.- iiieasure tlje e@ient to whi@ch 'u-he spiiidle i-s !',I,-sed iiheii the hi-c,rjl spo" of -@he @vheel- is brou,-I-it n beiieatli 't-,Iic clip. Thi-,,3 ivill sliow the uneven sliil-,)e or ecce' 0-C 4- 11 he sfoiie. Ttie clp shpl)ed -@,@est 1)i.ece is pre'ici@abiit so d;sposecl toivircls the tbrasive iiheel tli,,it its rirri I-ies i,.i ,t taii,,,enti,-l to the I)eriphei.al f,,ice of ti-te saicl iiheel,. Coii,-z:eab,,@p,sii,e wlieel cloes iiot alter @'-Iie -5 of- t'iie, L---St pece of 'U-'iie 17010c-,.ties of the iiieell-iii@,- i'aces of- @-he wile-,! tid -u'jie test piece. Accordingly i-t is a@ -,,orv simple mati-er wi@@h a ii-iachiiie of 'u'ilis 'bype to tes'u la,ge qi-teiit.y w(,.a,.tiii,,- ol' t-,st I)iece by -'Uhe
