claim: 1. The combinatiop ill @L hyclraulic turbine c,orfl7Drising a flow conduit and .t rtiiiner disposed thereiii haviiip_, a central hub portion 120 of -ener,,Ily conielil@foriii, a pltii-alty of Sepa rab le v-,tne sections detach,,Lbly titted i_n s,.i;.cl liub portion aiid r@6tat,,tbly adjusttble with relatioii thereto aro-Lincl a@es i@erpendicular to the eleiiients of the conicil siirf ace of the hiib. 125 2. The conibination IM , a, hydraulic turbiiie emprisin,t flow coiid-Liit ancl a runner disposecl th@reili h,,tviiig ,i cent-ral hub 13ortio-n -of .,,Yenerally conical form, t pltirality of sep,trable v,,ti-ie sections detachably fitted in said 130

hub portion aiid rotatably adjustable witl@ r6lation tl-iereto around,axes perl@endicular to the elements of the conical surface.,of the h-Lib and,i-neans for fasteniiig said vane s6ctioiis r, l@ioidly in adjusted position. 3. In a runner for a tiirbine tlie, combination.with a central hub portion having a generally conical form, of 6, pILirality 6f separable vane sections detachably fitted in said% 10 hlib portion and rotatably adjustable with relation thereto aroui-id axes, perpeiidicular to the elements of the conical - @urf ace of the hub, and means for fasteninc, said vane secti6ns rigidl@ iii adjusted position- compris1,5 ing pivot p,ortions on@ the vane se6tioi@s tnd ly of said pivot port-ions., 4. In a runner for a tti@bine the combina[on.6f a plurality 20 tion ivith a@ central hub p,orti tions detachabl y fit ub and tatt e . d i n @ a i d @ r o @bly @Adjustable, With relatioii thereto around axe@ iiielin6d to a plan -per-pendicular to: the axisof the runner an,d a s'eries of@ b6lts @passiii(r, th@oiigh @said sections and threaded -into 70 sai a@ @ub to clamp said sections,in a@djusted position, said@ sectio'ns beiilg provided@@ tl'l eloiigated -openiilgs ..for said, bolts.@ S. The combination in a hydraulic turbine i:-unner com ris@in- a central hub.portion o @f p 7 5 generally conical form and,provided with recesses Of a, series of - adjustable van@ sections fitte@l.in said recesses.@and rotatablyd' t jus - able with relation thet6t6 ar6und axes per-@ peiidicular to,the elements of th6. conical Sur- 80 c,f separable vane sections detachdbly fittect @s,,ifcl gections in adjusteible,position ip- saicl hub portion and rot Ltably adjustable, : 01@ Th6 c6i-nbination in a, hydraulic turbine t . , I f tliroiioh a small anule -with relation @t6 s,,,icl runiier comprising a cent@al hub por ion 0 itub @ortioii, aroundt@axes,inclinecl t6 a@flaii@e o,el.,i6rally conical i:oriii,.a series@of adjustable25 F.@eipendicular to, the @axis of the runner, s@aid ;,Llie sections fitted @n@ sai'd hub portion and 90 vaiie s,ections being disp@osecl the'saitie raci",tl rotatably adju@-,table with relati,on thereto distance from the runner axis for variotig actar oui-id axos perpendicular@to ti-le elements of iistmelits thereof @ and n-ieths f6r fastening the conical surf aco of @the h-uib, each vane seesaid vane secti6ns rigidly iii ad usted,positi6n carryiiig a. di@Ic provided:with elongated 30 tion by e ce oni sti,d openings tl-iereiii and clainpi!ily b@lts extend' 95 vane secti rection of ino- throu(yh,said open' a@,Ythre@ded:into dIngs the .ixis a etio i a @so,icihub@o ara said e t i o n s i n @ d i u s t @ t b l e c l p s e justed. positioll. 5. iii a runner for, a turbine the combina- @ 10. The@,combination in- a hi&h spocific 35 tion with a central hub porti.on 6f -@ plurtlity@ spe6d sLibstantia-Ily axial flow pr@-peller:,t ype-lqo hydi,aulic turbiiie comprising a flo W, passage a runiier dis-bosed in said p@ssage a,-nd . havino- a hub car@ying a siibstantially small@number 6f @ Linshrouded blades which are -relatively flat in the @direction of flow thereover-@ and,@io5 @ii-le,,Ins for sqppo I rting said blade@ for ddj-qstment around axes inclined@to the runner axis', 50 tially in the direction of tlie qlxis oooiit,ivhi@ch-con-lprising a flow passage, a runner havingCI15 y i n g , , 4 @lisk: h a v i n u s m d b t h . . p e r i h t a l s u p p o @ t i n g p,e surfaces for contact With. the walls of its cooperati ng recess, and clampina bolts ext,endiii o, tlir,otigh said disk into ai4,hu@@ ,t6 614 S T n p . , , 8 5 boltino, nieans adapted to grip said pi@v.ot por-@. face of the hub, eacli vane section 6arr wherebyd u r i n @ v a r i o u s p o s i t ' s o f b l a d e ' a d 1 - i i o @ i o n justment tli:e' center line of each I blade rei,,Iins @sLibst"lntial lv the saine relative, p'ositloll to each other. 11. Th ec om bin ati oni na hvd rati lict ur bin e ortion ]list slifficieni@ io permit s@id angular@:each. @of p said @blades@ extendin@ subsiantially, motion and at least a portion of said ciear-, , @iong their respect-ive :iies @of a-djustment 762,124 t, tions in a clirecti6n having a component axial0 f separable vtne sections (letachably fitted liri said hub portion and rotatably adjustable, through an aiigle iiot oxceeding twenty dearees @ with relation' to said 1-iub portion, 40 ,tro-Lind %xes inclined tlo a flame perpendicular 11-o the axis of the runiier, clearance beino@ provided betwoen said vaiie sections and said hub the vane is adjusted. -nbinat' n n u 6 The col io i 'a hydraulic t rbiiie c-ompri.silig a flow pass,,tge, a runlier dispo@ed therein having, a ceiitral hub ortion, a. series 55 Of ndependenily r@iatable vane s6eti6ns detac fitted in siid hub. and rotatablv ad]U with - relation thereto around @bxes inclined to a I)Iane pei-pendicular to the axis o@f the runner, and a series, of bolts passing 60 through said sectibn@'and tlireaded into said htib to clamp said sections in adjusted posi-@ tion. 7. The combination in a hydraulic turbine 65 runner comprii-ing a.cei@tral hub portion, a@ series of inde-pendently rotatablo vane see45 iiiee being maintained constant for @vaiious adiusted - positiolis@ of,said 'vane sections, and means for f,@ste@ning s,@ici v,,ine sections i@iaidly in idjusted po@ition, each of said vane seet!6ns includingla blade ext@ending substanbltdes, disposed in said passage, aad@;means fdr supporting said blades. for adiustment ,lroLind axes inclined.to the runner,@xis @aid iliclined : otxe@ being 8@bstanti@Llly I in ali gnine-,it with th6 lbn,&itudinal @x6s o@ the bl S. t, ade @,@t2o, The 6ombination in a hydraulic tiirbine tiav' colyi@iising@ a flow passage a runner ing bl' 4es disposed in @said passage, m-ans@, for a s Lip I porting said blades for adiustment @round ,txes inclined to the runner 11 axis, and n-ieans(,'W5 for whirling the fluid flowing through saicl passage. 13. The combination in a hydraulid turbipe comprisino, means fo,rming a passage turning @from a"radial to an axial directioiii EUG@@

4 1,762:124 aiid botinded by relatively smootl-i curving )valls vanes clisposed in said radial portion f6r w,hirliiig the flonv passing into said axial portioii, and,% disposed in said passage provid@d w@' h blades spaced from said vanes to.form a transition space tlierebetween, said @runner haviiig U'leaiis for adjustably s LipportIng said blades 'around @Inclined axes substanti@lly coincidino- -with -'Uhe blade axes. 10@ 14. The com@@in.,,ition in a hydraulic turbiiie rlinner '@o.. r'sing a hub ctrryin- blades, @-ind meaiis ip@heieby saicl blades @ar@',,tdaptecl to be rotatably adjusted iiieluding a tapered circular recess f orneci -in saicl htib and a cor15 reSpqP.Ldiilgly t@ipered circul,@ir disc carried by ,t blade for co.ope,@,e,.ioii:ivith said recess, and meaiis for holdi-,io, said disc within siid recess a@ri@d pe,--iuitti,.iu rotative adjustiuent of s,iid blades. @20 @,15, The oombination ii-i a hydi,alilic t-Lirbilie runnercomprising,-LI-iubea,i@-ryingblades aiid riieaii@@i.w-'Liere-by said blades are adapted to be rot-itably aCI4 justed incluc[ing a tapered eir-@25 (.tulir, i,ecess torii-led in said hlib tnd g cor7,esporLclin@,vly tapered ei'relila@ disc carried by -,t bl-,icle for coop-,ril,-ion with s,,lid ilecess, said disc Laviiig ti, series of ielong-ted openings @thereiii, -,)iid t series of bolts exteilding tlliough said disc and t'hreaded in spid hub. so 16. -ill a:h-vclraililic turbin . e runner, the con-ibi@,,tion co,- Lp-ising t hub section carrying a bl,ide see-Llioii, alid mea-.is pei@mitting rotitable adjustment of said blade section, ineltiding a recess I foriiiecl in oiie @ of said sections with a 35 I 1%11) th ceooth 13e -'-pliera. w e o@her of said s tions @ havinu a cooperating disc adapted to be @ reci@ived vvithiii said recess, and bolts extendii@g tiirough @saicl blade section for threadecl eiigaaeii-ier@t -with the hlib sectioii. I a t rbine: ha 4o 17. The con@bin,,ition in u ving meai,s fori--'-Iip-g a flow conduit nnd provi,@ion -for imparting let -@Nlhirli-ng component to the 7iiiflowing -fitiid, and a runner comprisi-ng L c6ntral hub poi-tion havino- a relatively 45 sinooth ancl uniforn-i -contour consuituting t s tib-staiitially smooth cor,-tintiatioli of the wall of sai.cl flo-w conduit, said hub having a series of iiidepenclently rotatable blade sections adstably fitted in si-'Ld htib aiid rotatably adu so justablo ivith Velatioii thereto arouncl axes incliiied to a plaiie normal to the axis@ -of the runner, said blade sections beid-g disposed the same radi-al distance from said condiiit wall ior @vairioi!@ adj-us-t',ments of the blade seelions, aiid' a, circular seri-Is of bolts extending throu,@rh sa-id sections -@iid engaging said liub tn to cl6,uip-said sections in fixed adjusted poLEWIS FERRY MOODY.

Patented June 1930 1 7 6 2 1 2 4 : UNITE:D-:S'TATES@ P@ATENT-. @@'OFF,@ICIE :LFWIS FERRY KOODY, OF. PHILADFLPHIA., PENNSYLVANIA RUNNER FOR TUP.BINE@ Original applicatioil :Filed 15 1922, Sirial@ No. 553j294. 3)ivided a3id thii,ap li@@tioi -filed '@S@ane 1 p 1926.@ Serial @]@to. 115 761 This invention relates4 to l@-vdraulic tur-, '@Tlie surfac@:54 of the hub 52 is spherical binesaiidtothefo,rmation@of@therotaryele@aroundacenterfornieclb@th6inter@edti6n6f,,@ ment or runner of tlirbines or pumps and theveitical-;axis@of@ihe;run'@ner-iwiththea-xl @ f t h @ P"Lrticularly to runners of the unshrouded of the pintl'e 55; @7:Th6 ini@er @ ed,&,es 0 6 blade type. In prior piactice it has@ @be en: usual @ to form the runners of turbiides Or -Puml-)s ivith the blades 6r vanes in one integral casting or inseparably 6onnected, to the hub so that it:is necessar-y to.Provide for re10 moval of the whole runner as a u.-@it@@or repair ot replacement. In maiiy installations@this grea,tly increases the cost @Of @ the @ turbine or pump, and it is highlv 'desirable t6- be able to remove the rtinner vaiies sepairately and @ihen 15 if necessary, to removethe hub. If a, vane is in-jured by striking,an obstacle if 6orr6si6n occurs if th6 vane shape, is to be chang@d, )y ch' ing to alter IPP or correct tl@e op6rati characteristics in any 6f these contingenc 20 iti&the.vaneswhichre ire@rem -@a and qu o tIlewl-loleri-inner. On6 object of the;invention is t6 provide a ruiiner in which,the blade sections,are ad-, just,,tble so as to vgry the blad@ angles with 2r, relation 'uo tlie@-flow and permit the operating characteristics to be ch'ai -iged.: In the accomp@nying, dra,"Tinas illii@tratiiio, the inventionFig. 1 is a vertical sectional view.o;f a tur-! 30 bine struct-Lire showina a @ritniier forined@ iii accordaiieewiththisinvention. Fi(y 2 is an enlarged sectional@view@of a blade of the runn6r of Fig. 1. Fig-s. 3 aild 4 ire a plan ancl s6etional ele35 vation of @ riinn@er illu@trating a modificati,Dn. Figs. 6, 6 and 7 are secti6nal views illustratino, a fui-ther modified fo rm. Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are s6etional vie*s illustrating tn6ther forra of runner, and 40 Figs. 11 and 12 are elevational and sectioniews ti I of furthe al V' respec ve yi r modification. In the embodiment of the invention.@sho'wn in Fio-s 1 and 2, the flow enterino, thrOU01h the e vanec, d 45 adjiistable guid 50 pass@s downwar and inwar-d thro,ugh the blades 51 of the, runner R and out throu'gh draft t-Libe. d. The hlades-51 are d6tachable and adjustable and are rotatably held in the'. h-Lib 5@ by a jour-. 5o nal or pintle 55 en aged- by, the set. ser6w 56. 9 blades 51- E@re sha-ped t6 @onform to the@spheri- r)6 Cal surface 54 of@@the,hLib'@59's6i'as:to c6ntact thereNvithinalladju@tin6nts'. The'ft6ntface f- of each bll%de 51- is qpproximately 'flat as @hown @in Fi,61,.,2 *hile t@e back surfa6e b @is arched tq fri . ni@ thidk@es@s to h blade at it@ juiietion With the pintle to avoid breakag6 @t thi poiiit. Under the @pressure o'f ilie go@v :igain@t:the@ f-ront surf aoe -f of the blaa-e -. the front' el6in6nts at@ the area of 'attach;@ent to tl@e piiitl6-55 @re 7Li 'nder@teii ion'@i 65 t while the'reai. elemeiits are'und et con@pr6 sion,at c. 1-71 th@e moclified@form sh-owii in Fiii . 3 9-ncl4'there are:,fou@@bldd6s'66 eiteiidfni@in a @ctly'D@@@oss the d'iago-@ diagonal direction d,ir( -70 nally inwatd flow@"lines. The central. ; '@@hub p6rtion 60, ad@ipted foi@ Iceyino, to th ft@' e . a is:.@ y ni dof gen6@hll co I.c,@4@:f6ri@ @@7n4l'is@.,p@o-vid6 @ireu ar recesses @@6 i with foii incli -w ic are 7 h' h rotatably fittea the @intles@62 of, 51 e vane se ons. Set-bolt@:63 ar6 provided @-th eti having t@@eir' inner e7nd's'en' ' o,' ir fa@ ing iii,,grooves 6 pintl s e efi e @62 aria th, as @66,unters Link iA @ ree - e I sses'65 al@ the top:6f@ the -hiib 60. Th o 6ii ds 67a@nd@68 of the V@,,tiies 66 a--re fo d rme so so as io poriiii-t @ slight'aiiglilat iotbtion tho vane:to@either sicl-i,-",Of a d6@igi@6 d central- posi @tion the 'V@ane and piiiiL'Ie;tur@iii& as a -@Vliole itround@,the axis of the, pintle 6@@' These,pintles litve thei I r @xes inclined@ 'a; t@ an'an,16 to -A -85, ar ax e @runner plane perpendicul t6 the is@of -thand th6 pintle akes -,ire@.substaiit:i@lly, perpencli6ulAr@to@tlie@'elemeiits@.of the@conical@@' surflic6of t@ehub.iiitersect6clby..them.@ In order. to adj tist tl-iese vane- s - it @i 6nl.y n6ces- 90 @sary t6 loosen@th6 @et@bo Its 63, turi-i the -.valies, @.@nd then re@eu iheset-bolts@t@o liold@the vanes in adj'usted @o@ition.@. In. Fi@ys. 5 to@ 7 @the@ -run r hub 70 of conne. idal forin @as four@ er' ed @@ eir-cixlar recesses 95 @'7.1 in *.hich @ are@ fitted @tap6red eircula,r @72 caryin@@@vanes 73 which@ar6 thus rotatable about an inclined axis 74. To hold@the@vanes in adjusted pqsition@@bolts T5 @aro@ proviaea passing: tht@uo;h @@lots T6, of:t-he disks.-72 @and- -100. give,@ a -Su, Cie , t e,:oo

1,762,124 s ern@ing when tightened to clamp said disks t.i,htly in said recesses. In the n-iodified form of runner shown in Figs. 8 to 10, the hub 78 is provided with three cirC'Lllar recesses 79 in which are - titted ,inntilar-clamping rings 80 within ivhich in turn are rotatablv fitted clisks 81 of vanes 82. Eacli clamping rina 80 is in separate hllves. Each disk 81 his an enlarged head portion 83 engaged by th6 inner eda-, of the clamp10 iiig ring 80 and bolts 84 are provided tG 1:)ress the clamping riiig au i la nst said head 83 to grip ,the lattei- against the bottou'l of the recess 79 And thilis - zecurely hold the rlinner 1,5 section ,iainst rotation from it ddjiisted Position. The enlai--ed pintles provided by ithe disks 83, 81 not only -ive the ex@iendinly i@.Stirftee for the fiti, -ing oT @he rotatable ptri7s @but also provide a, la@(ye area -,it the surfice of coniiecti6n of the dislc -with the blade so as 2 to attain % strong consti-uction. In the ruiiner sho-wn @in Fiz . 11 and 12, a shaft 85 carr.ies a centtal hub portion 88 of gene@-ally conical form keyed @to th6 taper2 ri, ln(,,y end of the shaft. The h-Lib portion 86 his, t series of four eirculai recesses 87 i-n Nvhicli are @otatably fitted the disks 88 of the blftd6 @ectio,-ls bavino- vanes 89. A lower hold-ilig.rilig 90 is fittecl to the lower half. of 10 the hiib portion 86 and has it.s upper edge liorizontal@,,tnd c t u ou t in semi-eircultr form fitied to,the periphery@ 6f tl-ie secondary disks 91: of the blade secti6ns and overhanging the ed t6 lower halves of the main disks 88. Fillt .3t;.@he. @i.l@per half of tlle hub section 86 are 2, series@ Of seaiiiental plates 92 each of which ,has its lower e,dge eiit out in .1. semi-eir,-Ie @;lneeti-ng Nviih the @,orrespcndi-,ig semi-circle of the lbv@,er ring 90 ani@@ttin- the ; @n @ing @ialf of @he secondarv disli: 91. A caP 40 , I -nber 93 havinz@a det)ending fiinge 94 fits mei -of over th-e top the hu . i)ortioii 86 and r@?tains the pl.ates 92 by their en@@alremeiit under the fl,,tiige@ 94. @ Lockiiig bolts 95. are provicl.ecl 45 passiiio,- throuch slots in disk@ 91, 88 and ser-@ing to clai%p the disk and blade sectioll l@ in ,idiii@ied @osition. In all of the inodified forms the exposed stirfaces of the van6 sections are rolinded off Bo@,to@corregpond to the c6riical -forliiatioii of the hub @and -to @,,rive smo6th unobstructive flow lines.1 @The-feature of ,tdjLis'uability 1)ern-iits the runner characteri@-ties to@ be altered to c'6nform @to particular co-@l ditions of indiv;-dn 0 e sta lations. In case of chbnge, f h ad or quantii@ of water aarailable the bl,,tdes inay be shifted to take advaiitage of the clian!2@e ancl at the same time maintain the effic-'LencY of thp- ttirbine. The adjiistabilitv of the rtinner@vitnes may also be used to test out the per@@formance of ihe ttirbine for various inclinations of the blaclesi and for various settings of the tiirbine gates. The adjustable bladed runners of this iii@-vention are adapted for a new method of testing turbines and a new nietb-od of developing improved turbine designs. The large number of variables entering into hydraulic turbine design and the large part playe-d by hydralilic s-Lirface friction pai-ticularly in the performance of turbinds ) of the high speed 70 type here involved introcluce uncbrt-,tinties and make it difficult to determipe the best design of turbine. The nletliod of this invention co.D-si.sts in eqi-iipping a sm,-)Il test r5 turbi_ne with rliiiner blades of @ a given design and then malzing a complete test of the tlirbine ivitli the blacles in each of a number Of Clifferent ii-igular positions by rotatably -in lidjust g them in the hub agibove de cribed. so It lia bee 'lie majoritl, of s n founcl that iii L cases a. m axiiiium ano@ular adjustment ofabout twenty de(yrees is ,,,mply sufficieiit to cover the useflil @ange of performt nee. The w ork of experimental dei,elopment c,.in be.-,gconvenientl37 co ducted b@, fii, n st placii@g the blades in one position and cletermining the performance of the ttirbii)-e f or v,@rious angles of the giid6 vane- from I elosecl to wideopen position. The runn r blades are then -oo e adjusted by rotating throu@_yl-i an interva I I of five deorees froi-yi.t@e first'i-osition and the en',-ire test repeated. A@simil,,tr procedure is f(llo-wed fbr each five de ree-interval 9 through the @ i-ange of lbilit -i 95 adji-ist, y. Fro-n these tests, complete ci-irves of performance can be drawla sllo*in- the range of performance to be seelired, fi7o,-n the given clesign 0-il blade. @ The ri-inner fo,., any reqi-iiredinstallation caii be desi ed by'selecting the MOSt'.100 gn stiitable aiigle of inclip-ation of ihe runner bltde-q froiq these data, the runner for the instqllatio b ii r w acl-ii ei g then bli'lt eithe ith jtistable. or non-acl ' justable blpde,@, and witli either ,tn intecyral or sectioi,@,@tl ruilner con- lo5 structi6n, as the conditions may require. Iii the@forms of runner illustr-,ted herein. the vanes ai@e of the gepei-ally diqcyonal t,ype, extending direc'cly across the cliao@onally inN@ard and dow.-invard flo-w Iiiies . a-nd haviiig i io their -,hape conforminu to substantially traic@ht s line directrices. Tll.is application is %divisi6n 6f the copendi 'ication of L. F. Moody, Serial NO. p@ for Runner 115 I ' " l@2 4 filecl April 15, 1922@ 5 9 for ttlr@ines. I