claim as my invention: 1. In an aeroplane the combination of a -body bav.ing a noso and i tail and a pair of lifting wings moui-ited on said body that are arra,nued to rotate in reverse directions , a 90 rudder groul) attacli(,d to the t,,til end of said body, troughs i.n said group' 4iaving inlet and discharge 6nds, elevators pivotally connected to the disebarge ends of said troughs, means for di,iving said win(,is so as to lift said 95 I)ody vertically and also drive air through said trougbs, and means for moving said elevators so that the air driven througli -,@aid troughs will raise or loiver the nose of said aeroplane to balance it relative to liorizontal 100 lines in navigation. 2. In an aeroplane the combinatioii of a bodv having a nose and a tail end, a pair of lifting wilius mounted on said body, a rtidder n -roiip connected to the tail end of said body, 105 troughs in said -roup having inlet And dischar(re ends, ele,@:ttors pivotally connected to the (Pischarge ends of said trouglls, means for drivino, said wings in opposite directions to lift said aeroplanes vertically ,ind also drive 110 air into said trou(rbs so it will discharge olit over or under said elevators, means for actuating said elevators so as to control the aeroplane' relative to horizontal Enes in navigation, and a rudder arranged betiveen said 115 elevators for controlling s.aid aeropla@e relative to literal courses in navioation, and other means for maintaining the equilibrium of said aeroplane r@lative to side tilting. 3. In an aeroplane t-lie combination of a 120 =ghaving a nose and a tail and a pair of wings mounted on said body that are arranged to rotate in reverse direction, a rudder group attached to tlle tail end of said body, troughs in said group havino, inlet and 125 discharge ends, ele ators pivotall - v y connected to the dischar(re ends of s-,iid tro@ghs, means for drivin- said wings so as to liff said body vertically and also drive air tbrough said troughs, and means for moving said elevators 130

4 1,743,378 so that the air driven tlirough said troughs ''said bod that are adapted to lift said body y will raise or lower the nose of said aeroplane to balance it @relative to horizontal lines in navigation, and side ailerons carried by said aeroplane that are adjustable toward or from the vertical axis of said lifting wing@ for the purpose of stabilizing said aeroplane. 4. In an aeroplane the conibination of a body having a nose and tail end, a pair of lifting wings mounted on said body, a rudder group connected to the tail end of said body, trouo,hs in said group haviiig inlet and discharge ends, elevators pivotally connected to the discharge ends of said trouglis, means for. driving said wings in@ opposite directions to lift said aeroplane vertically and also drive air into seiid troughs so it will discharge out over or under said elevators, means for actuating said elevators so as to control the aero20 plane relative to horizontal 1'mes in navigation, a @rudder arranged between said elevators for controuing said aeroplane relativ@ to lateral courses in navigation, and other means for maintaining the equilibrium of 25 said aeroplane relative to side tilting, and a nose to each elevator that is arranged to control the air at the discharge' ends of said rudder group. 5. In an aeroplane the combination of a wmgs arrang e bod ed above and attach d to saiybody th'at are idapted to be actuated to lift said body in a vertical line, ailerons arranged on opposite sides of said body and adjacent the tip ends of said wings, an oper3.3 ative connection between said ailerons adapted to be operated by the pilot so that as one aileron is moved into the air thrust of said wings the other iLil6ron is proportionitely mloved out of it so ag to maintain the side ,@o e4uilibrium of said aeroplane, and mbans secured to the tail of said aeroplane for maintaining the equilibrium of said acroplane relative to horizoiital lines in navigation, and elevators pivotally connected to said ailerons for stabil.izing said aeropline. 6. In an aeroplane the combination of a body,,wings arranged above and attached to salid body that are adapted to be actuated to lift said body in a vertical line, aileroiis a.rranged on opposite side@ of said body and adjacent the tip ends of said wings, an operative conriec,tion between said aileroias. adaptedtobe operai'6d by the pilot so that as one aileron i's r r' aileron is proportionatel . y mbved out of it so as to maintain the side equilibrium of said aeioplane, and meaii securecl, to the tail of said aeroplane for maintaining the equilibrium of said laeroplane relative to horizontal lines' co in. navigation, and elevat6rs pivotary connected to said ailerons, and automatic means for actuating said elevators when said ailerons are movec[ transversely to said body. 7. In an aeroplane the combination of a Gz; body, wings arranged above and attached to in a vo-rtical line,:bars extendiiag transversely to said body that are connected thereto, ailerons slidably mounted on said bars and arranged on opposite sides of said body, means 70 for reversely moving said ailerons toward or from said body so that when one is in the air thrust from said wiiags the other is out of it for lateral stabilization of the aeroplane, and other means for horizontal stabilization of 75 said aetoplane. 8. In an aeroplane the combinatibn of a body, wings arranged above and attached to said body that are adapted to lift'said body 'm a vertical line, bars @extending transv6rsely so. to said body that, are connected thereto, ailerons slidably mounted on said bars 'and arranged on opposite. sides of said body, means f or reversely moving said ailerons toward or from said body so that when one is in the 85 air thrust from said wings the other is out of it for lateral stabihzation of t-he Reroplane, other means for horizontal stabilization of stid aeroplane, and elevators pivotally connected to said ailerolas. 90 9. In an tieroplane the combination of a body wings arrang@d above and attached to saidbody ihat are adapted to Jift said body in a vertical lijae, bars extending transversely -to said body that are connected ther.eto, aile- 95 rons slidably mounted on said bars and arranged on opposite sides of said body, means for reversely moving said ailerons toward or from said body so that when one is in the air thrust froni said wings the other is out of loo it for lateral stabilization of the aeroplane, and other mean@ for l@teral stabiezation of the aeroplane, other means for horizontal stabilization of said aeropl"e, and elevatois pivotally connected when said ailerons are ios moved toward or from said body. - 10. In an aeroplane the c' 'bination of a om body, wings ariahged above and attached to siaid body that are adapted to lift said body in a vertical line, bars extending transversely ilo to said body that are connected thereto, ailerons slidably mounted on said bars and arranged on opposite sides of said body, means for reversely moving said ailerons toward or from said body so that when one is in the ii5 air thr'Ust said wings the other is out of it for late I abiliza.tion ol the aeroplane, other means for horizontal stabilization. of movedintotheairthrustofsaidwinotheother. said aeroplane, and elevators pivotally connected to said ailerons, racks secured to said 120 bars, pinions mounted on said ailerons that are engaged by said racks, and a connection between said pinions and elevators whereby the elevators are moved when said ailerons are slid on said bars. toward or from said 125 body. - 11. In an aEr6plane the combination of a body, wiiigs arranged above and attached to said body that are adapted to lift said bo4y in a vertieal line, bars extending transversely to 130

1,743,378 said body that are connected thereto, ailerons slidably mounted on said bars and arranged o:n opposite sides of said body, meaias for reversely moving said ailerons toward or from said body so that when one is in the air thrust from said wings the other is out of it for lateral stabilization of the aeroplane, ' other nie,,tns f or hoi-izontal stabilization of the aeroplane, and a propeller for navigating said 1 0aeroplane when it has been lifted by said wings. In witness whereof , I have hereunto affixed my signature. VALENTINE NEWBAUER. 15 20 25 so St 40 45 50 60 65

K-at.ented Jain. 14, 1930 11743.9378. UN.ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VALENTINE NEWEAUER, OV LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO NEWBAUER VERTICAL AIRPLANE CO., INC., A CORPORATION AEROPLANE Application flled January 14, 1928. Serial No. 246,768. This innention relates to @n irnprovement in the construction, ciperation and control of a vertically risiiig aeroplane; aii(I the 1)1,iiicipal object tliereof is to provide a siiiil)le and efficient means for obtaiiiin- and iiiaintD -tory tainiii(y a saf e and satisf a(, equilibriiiiii both in a stationary position al'id in flight. To that eiid I provide a pair of lifting wliigs attached to the top side of the body and ar10 range(I traiisversely tliereto ancl drin-eii to raise and lower the aeroplane in vertical lines, with the wiiigs so driven that they coact Nvitb ,tdjustably mounted si(le ailerons and also adjustable elevators in the rud(ler 15 -oup to maintain a relatively perfect equigi@ librium of the aeroplane that is fully under control of the pilot. That is the adjustable ailerons are connected to a stick control so that t-hey can be manipulated by the pilot 20 to positions best adapted to effect a satisfactory equilibrium. Another object of the inveiition is to provide a sin@ple and effective means for iiavigating the aeroplane in a relatively vertical 25 line both in -.iseending and descending. To Vnat encl I provide each of the pairs of liftiiig wings -with four blades spacecl equidistant apart with cael-i blade forrned witli proper curves and cainbers, and varyino, pitch an30 ,,Yles and vacuum etirves from the hubs to the outer ends of the " in s to effect the greatest liftin a power possi@legwith the wings rotated in op'p-osite directions so that their momentiirn in cooperation witli the mantially manipu35 lated side, ailerons and also the elev,,itors at the discharge end. of the troughs in the'rudder roup will colinterbalance ancl not cause the gody to lose its equilibrium and the aeroplane spin or go iiito a nose dive or tail spin. Also 40 this reverse rotation of the lifting -%vinos effects a compound tlirust to the air that aids greitly iii a quieli: verticil rise of the aeroplane in a relatively straigl@t upward course. A feature of the invention @s shown in the 45 construction and arrangement of the side - ailerons which are ,tdjustable so tli@it they e an be move(I bv the pilot to a neutril positi oii in which botli will be effected alike by th e downward thrust of the air from the liftiil cr wings or rnoved to a position whereby 6ne 5 0 ai @d not the other will be' depressed by th e tlirust of fiir, tliei-eby laterally stabilizing th e aeroplane; Llso a feature of invention is s hown iii the construction and arrangemeiit of tho ruddei- (yroup in which the elevators 5 5 a re adjustable Zo caiise aii upwarcl or doivnw ard tilting of the nose of the aeropltiie oi, - h olcl the aeroplane iii a baltneed horizontal p osition. le con Features of inveiition are shown in tl 60 struction, combination and arrangement of parts whereby an aeroplane is provided that is neat and pleasing in appearance, easy to construct, assemble and operate, and which is safe and durable iii use and effectively C,5 stabilized. A feature of inventibn is shown in the construction of the side ailerons, whereby thev automatically n-iove their respec'uive elev af@r wheii they are nianually shifted by i 7 o D ilot to laterally stabilize the aeroplane. ' Otber objects, advaritages and feattires of in vention. may appear froni the accorn-pan ving drawings, the subjoined det,,iiled des @ription and the appended cl,,tims. 7 5 The accompanying drawings illustrate the iii vention. Fi-ure 1 is a seniidiiorammatic view of a n aeroplane constructerin accordance witb th is invention. Fig. 2 is a fr,,tgmeiital dia8 o g rammatic plan view of the tail ailerolis and iudder. Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmental s ectinal view on the line 3-3, F;@g. 2, slio.wing th e aileron tail elevators iii neu@ural position ,i nd also indicatina by arrows the cotirse of 8 5 th e. air fron-i the fiftiiig win(Ts tlii-otigh the zn ai lerons, 1)arts shown semicliagroLit-nmat@ically. Fi o,. 4 is a plan vie-%v of a side Lileron, iis z@ it s support and operating i-neans. Fi,-. 5 is zn a fragmental plan view o@ the support shown 90

2 1,743,378 in Fig. 4 with the aileron removed, showing the rack and pini6n for autolmatically actuating the aileron elevator. Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section through one of the ailerons,showing the means for actuating its associated elevator. Fig. 7 is an end -vienv of the aileron shown in Fl 4 and 6 showipg I alt e IF Fig. ered positioias of th a, @ron elevator. 8 is a diagrammatic rear view of the aeroplane 10 showing the side ailerons in neutral position. Fig. 9 is an enlarged fra-amental reir vie-%v go showii inpi-. 8, showin analo iis to that, g the side ailerons shifted toward the' ri--ht so that all the ai'r thrust is on the right hand aileron 15 and not on the left. Fi-. 10 is a view analogous to Fig. 9 showin igy " ihe side ailerons in a reverse position, and Fig'. 11 is a fragi-nental vertical section through the body of the, aejroplane showing the means for drivi,ng the lift20 ing wings in reverse directions. The aeroplane includes the usual body 10 with a nose and tail end, landing wheels 11, slcid 12, ruddei- 13 aiid nai,i-atiii- pi-opeller 14, it bein understood tliat@nthe iropeller 14 25 is driven ty a us,ual aeroplane engine, not shown. Mounted; on the top and secured to the body 10 is an extension 15 that supports the liftiiig wings 16, 17. These wings are driven 30 in opposite directions to prevent spinning the body 10 as well as for the purpose of aiding in stabilizing the aero_plane. As indicated in Fig. 11, the wihg 16 is mounted on the upper end of the hollow sliift a5. 18 that is supported in the bearings 19 a'nd 20; and a bevel gear 21 is secured to the lower end of the shaft 18 that is driven by t bevel gear 22 on the engine shaft 23, it being understood that there is a separate engine for driv40 in- the wings 16, 17. The wing 17 is secured to, the upper end of a sl@aft 24.that extends up through the shaft 18. Th:ls shaft is supported in the bearings 25, 26.,,tnd has a bevel gear 27 ar45 raiige oppositely to the gear 21 that also meshes . with the gear 22 so that when; the shaft 23 is driven the.wings 16 and 17 will be i-otated in opposite di-relctions. Each of the wings 16 and 17 is,preferably 5o provided with four wings or blades, but t,here can be more or less if so desired. Each blade is formed with a heavy hub portion from which the blade extends to its tip end iii varying pitch angles,,curves and 55 carnbers such @s have been found in practice to give the greatest lift'mg power po,@sible. The contour, pitch angles and tl@ '-like are old and well understood in the art and are therefore not shown or described in detail. 60 As state(l, thd lifti@ng wing8 are arranged and driven in opposite directions for the p-Lirpose of compounding the downwa'rd thrtist ,,on the air. That is, the air displaced by the wii,i& 17 is again- acted upon by the wing 16 so 65 that the greatest lifting power is developed. The, great downward thrust on the, air, in addition to lifting the aeroplane in vertical lines, is also utilized to stabilize it. Attached to the tail end of the body is a rudder group including the rudder 13 and 70 trcitiglis 28, 29 that are ai-i-aD(re(l--.,@o that a portion of the do-,vn thr tist air from the wings 7 16 17 will, enter the'open inlet ends 30, 31 of the troiiglis and be deflected rearward to the open discharge ends 32, 33 adjaceilt to wliicb 75 a pair of elevators 34, 35 are pivotally i-nounted on a rod 36. The elevators are mounted and arranged so tl,6v can be hold in a n I otitral position, as silo'wn in Fig. 3; and so they can be moved 50 to'the dotted position a to elevate the nose of the aeroplane or to the position b to turn the riose downward, or to any intermediate position betweeii the positions a flnd b. Wheii the e,,Ievators are raoved to the posi- 85 tion a their n'o-ses will engage the floor of the tail -rotip aiid thereby cause all of the thrust aii- t; pass out abo,@e the elevators, which will cause the forward end of the aeroplane to be lifted upward into an ascending position; 90 and wlieii the elevators are- lowered to the position b the tbrust air is driven out under thein wllich will cause the aeroplane to tilt downward intp a descending position. The elevatoi@s are operated by a stick con- 95 trol located in the cock pit haiidy to the pilot. 'rliis stick control is well known in the art and tlierefore is iiot shown or described in detail. The stick control is connected by wires 37, 100 38 with the arms 39f, 40 secured to the elevators 34, ?)5 so that whe n desired the pilot can raise or lower them. The tail of the aeroplane is provided -with the usual rtidder 13 that is also operated in 105 the usual way to guide the aer.oplane laterally. Side ailerons 41 and 42 are slidably iiiounted on bars 43---44 that have their inner ends secured to the extension 15 and which extend laterally to ihe body 10. The bars 110 are braced by siipports 45, 46, that extend from the wheel fi-aine 47 to the bars. The side ailei-ons 41, 42 are constructed, as best sliowii in Fi(ys. 4 to 7, inclusive, and thev are operated as b-est illustrated in Pigs. 8 @o 115 10 inclusive. As seen in the former' figures the ailerons are provided witli transvetse openings tlirough which the outer ends of the bars 43, 44 extend aiid on which the3 qre slidable toward the ends of the bars or toward the 120 oxtension 15 on the body of the aeroplane. @The ailerons are moved by means of cords 19 50 that are attached to arms 51, 52 that are secu'red to the aileroiis on the top side and at opposite edges. 125 Tlle cords 49, 50-extendover proper guides or pulleys 53 to the stiek control in the cock pit and ate arranged so that when the cords 49 are pulled in the cords 50 w-ill b,e played out and vice versa. 131)

1,743,378 When the cords 49 are clrawn iia the side ailei,ons will be moved in-wardly and vice versa. However, these cords are arranged to be actuated reversely to one anotlier. That is when the cord 49 of the ri(rht hand aileron 5 t, is actuated inwardly the cord 49 to the left hand aileroii is pl@yed out and its cord 50 drawn in. In other words the cords are arranged so that -when the ricyht hand aileron 10 is moved inwardly the left hand aileron is moved outwardly and vice versa. The side ailerons 41, 42 are each provided with an integral extension 54 that is substantially the sanie lengtli and general form as its associated elevator 55 except that the extenSIO]A is only about one-third the width of the elevator. These extensions are to increase the area of the ailerons that are more directly affected by the air thrust from the wings 16, o 20 17. That is when a side aileron is shifted t a positi6n in which it will be affected by the air tl-irust the force will -bedistributed over the inner surface of the aileron, including its integral extension. 25 The elevators 55 are sectired by strap hinges 56 and a rod 57 to their respective ail6rons and are arranged so that when the ailerons are moved in-wardly the elevators are raised to aid in lateral stabilization of the 30 aeroplane and when the ai , lerons are moved outward the elevators are tilted cl-ownnvard to also aid in lateral stabilization. This tiltin(@ of the side elevttors 55 is aecomplished automatically. That is ul)pei35 and lower arms 58, 59 are secured to the upper and lower side of the elevators and cor(Is 60@ 61 conliect these arms to pulleys 62, 63 secured to shaft 64 that are attached to their respective ailerons. @io The ends of the bars 43, 44 hre i,ecessed at 65 and providecl Nvith elongatecl slots 66 t-hrough Nvliieh tl-te shafts 64 are extended and in -which the shafts move 'when the ailerons are reciprocated. Rack bars 67 are secured in the recesses 6 5 and arranlyed to engage pinions 68 secured to the shaft 64 so that when the ailerons are reciprocated or slid alon- the bars 43, 44 the pinions 68 will be turned to actuate the pulleys,62 an(I 63 and tliereby wiiid up one or the other of the cords 60, 61 and play out the other to move the elevators 55 eitber up or down. Tl,ie pulleys 62 and 63 are arranged so ttiat r3 when the ail0rons are moved inwardly the corcls 60 will be wound up to raise the elevators, and when moved in the reverse direction the elevators will be lowered. Guides 69 on supports 70 ar6 provided for c3 holding the cords 60, 61 so they will wi-nd and unwind on their respective p@lle ,@S. In operation the wings 16, are driven tb r,,iise the aeroplane vertically and also wben desired to permit it to descend in the C@, s.ai.ne way but gently and gradually. In other words when an ascension is to be made the lifting wiiigs are driven at a re at vely Iiigh speed to cause the aeroplane to qu ekly rise vertically'to any desii,ed lieigl-it, after which the speecl is greatl reduced or to a @o y speed that -%vill not fully overcoifie gravity and by means of inereaslnc,r or decreasincy the ZD speed of the lifting iviiigs the de@cent c,,in be made as slow or quickly as desii-ed.. After the aeroplane has readhed a desired 75 navigating altitude the forward or navigatin- propeller 14 is actuated to propel the aeroplane. After the propeller 14 is put in action the speed of the liftiiig wiiigs c@a-@i be sliglitly i-e- .80 dticed and driven for the purpose of stabilization, which, as previously indicated, is aecom@lishe4 by a proper manipulation of the s de ailerons and rudder group in cooperation with thelifting wings. 85 I