[1]Patep-ted Dec. 31, 1929 1 1 7 4 1 , 6 9 3 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I,D'WIN B, GILLINDER, OF FORT TEF.VIS, NEV7- YORK, ASSIrl@TOP, TO GILLINDI@:P. BROTI-IERS, INC., OF PORT JERVIS, NE-kV YORK, A CORPORATIOII OF NEW YORI@: REFLE,CTOR BOWL FOR ELECTRIC LAXPS Application filed Ma@-ch 26, 11.423. Serial No. 26457c9. The inventio-,i relates to lamp containin(r lio-lit Ctifitisino- bowls such as @ire used to prod-Lice bo'Lh a decom, tive, and pleasant illuminating effect, adtptiiig 'cliem for. interi_or ilr) luiyiii-i,,ttion. The obiect of the invention is to provide ,,i diffi-isi-@ig bowl of such const-.;uction as Avill gii,e t ivider distributioii of light on the floor pl,ine and a small ti,,.LoLint of lio-ht en-iitted to io 'Uhe c6ilin- or stibstantially alo@ve the I)lane of the bowl so that the ilILii-iiinati.on of fl-ie space iii the viciiiity of the light v@Till not es1)eei.,-tl,ly clepend on the reflected lio-ht rays from whi.te ceilin(ys or wolls as an added 15 -,@oiiree of ill-Lii-nination of the liglit source. In this ie--,pect, the bonyl is especi,,tlly adal)tecl to the illumiii,,ition of offices, f acto'ries ar-d stores. The aboi,e object is attai-ned by f oriiiino@ the diff'v@si-ng (Ylobe @vitli tivo iipj)er flangi.n(Ir alnli20 iar portioi-is in spa-ced relation@ to one anotl-ier aild sittia'ued above a central lo-wer boivl portio-ii. The configuration of the globe ancl the di'sposition of tl-ie li(,Yli@lu source within tl-ic (,-lobe i-elative to it ,ire suel-i that oiil a sjiiill y 25 ,irt of th, illtys froiii the light solirce p ii,ardly directed an(I ;iiterce-,)ted by the uloper ror-Lio-,is of the (Ylol)e is diffiise(,l in iipNv,,i@@cl'@lirections btit the 1--rger part of tli;--s liglit is reflectecl iiii downward direction .3ofiid,itl,,tr( ye,,tnglesfroi,iitlie,,@eportioi-is. 117it'll tn this arraii(ren-ient, ,)n il.1-LiiiiirL,,i t e d s p,@l,- c oj' c-.rea is obt@ii-,iecl ,)nd ,i greater efriei,n@@ .n the illiiiiiinati6Ti Of objects is- obt,g,lnecl by tising,,t greater iiiiiiiber of the rays 25 f ron-i th@- li!@ht'.q,)iirce tlirown iii a clownw,,ircl direction thes-, aclded rays beilia at the san-ic pr-)I-@@,-Iy (Aiffiise(i and evenly distributed-A,IE@o, t'ite @,eoincti,ic,,,l (.,Onflgtl'ration of tl-.e globe, .ind the relaiive disposition 4o @,t the li@2-ht sotir,-6 wi'u-laii-i tre szicli tliit tl,ie above ob-lelt is dceo.,-nplishecl with I)ractically -o effc-,-'Lls of coiitrq,sts to the eye, the i,ariations in the !-Igl-it intensity lipon a horizontal plaii,e froin ,t point directly beiieath the li& ,lit 45 SOtIrce varyipu as Liiiiforiii is possible outAv,,trclly along zn aid plane in ,Lll directions. s The invelit;loil ltlso comprehends a difflising reflector globe fixture which will present an ,tffreeable appearance viewed from the dee50 or,,,.tive standpoint. The fe,,ttur@-s of the inverti'on -will be macle clear ",ith tl-ie aicl of the deser,., tion to be (Tiv en in c-oiinection with'tl-ie acconlp,.Lnying draw ings which illiistrate the present comniere;@al form of the fixture and i.n ivhl-ch 5r) parts of ti@e follov,,ing figtires Itre designated by similar characters of reference: F ig. I -is a sectioii'.Vl eleATation of the reflector globe fl-@tlire sliowiii(y tl-ie-directions of the i-ays from the ligl-lt n source trtnsiiaitted 6o tlirou-Ii the diftusing gl6be. F io,-. 9- is a top plan view of Fig. 1. F i(,. 3 is a sectional elev,,ttioi-i of a fixture shoi viii(y a ,nodified fornli of cliffusin.g globe. Fi,- . 4 shows caiidle po-wer clirves obt,,iine@t 65 f roiil -@ pliotometric test of the fixture -,L, o-vvn in Fig. 1. Lising a I 00 -watt clear tungste-'l Ian-ip aild also of- tli-- larip alone, the clisposition of the ri.ii-I), fiiame-,it relative to the cl-if-ti,@sinoglob e ii-@the test beii, identic,,tl 4Lo that sho-wn 70 iT-l Fig. 1. Th ere are many ways in whicli the difftisiiig globo 40 cin I-)o sliaped to cai,ry out the 01- )'eet.S ',@f M.@T inventiod, witlioiit clepat-tiri(- I however fi@oin its pi-inciple. I)r tic Ope ae al @5 einbociiiii,-iit, 'Is i'llus'u-ra'ued in Fi,(Y-,. I anct 2. A c,-@,n'tral lo,,- ver porti-oii A is shaped fts the oblong portioii of tii ovo,,cl tnd forp,-s the I-liajoi- P"),rt (-,f tl.io boiil throu,,h Avhicli tlic, li-@),,b,t isti-ai-isi-iiit' cl -nd O@iff ic , - tised. The iip.- so i,)o" cil-@e-Lii-iifei,e.it;al ec.I ge a ol' this po,.tion A is. for--.-i-ied with an flan(, i-@i9@ annul@ir po-@--tionBsli(ylatl i,iclinedtotheh6r; e@ y zontal'clie oijter eircul-pf(,reiiee of ,vhich is joined thro-Ligh si@,l@table curv,,iture C to in -Lipper an- 85 nulLri-,,ortionDof.-i il--rslopeastheportioti i-n B s() as to provide a sitiall iiniforiii sliacin.o' clistance'oetween s,,ticl @in.iiiiiar,,)ortlo-ns B aii(i D. The iiiiiei- end o-11 the Lili@er IDoi-tion D @ e I ots iiiiv,,Li-- cl,].y 90 P"oj subst anti,,tlly within the ;rc uiiifereiitial eclo-e c6 aiid then fi,,tres outc p ii-a.:,dl.y i-,o roi,ide tii otiter eirctilliferential 0 peril:iits the ',Ltt gi-ooved porti n l@, Nvliicli ael-iineiit of the globe to ,t reflector 50 by Ti'leans 95 of the screnvs 52 passing thro-Ligh tl-ie lo-\ver circuinf erential portion of the refi-ector 50 and extendiiig into the recess E. I The bowl 4 0 is preferably made of semi-translucent or opal glass but it inay be frosted however or ioo
[2]2 1,741,693 otl-j-,rA-vi,ge ti-eated to pi-ocl,,ice t'ile cliftusio,.a of the lio-ht The reflector 0-0, tl@e "niier whi-Ch is of siiit-,,qble eoiicaie c-t@xv,,'@--,ire aiicl iiicli:el fidished or o'her-vvise t.-cate(L to p,,eis a(.I-,pted to peri-iiit la.,iip socket 60, holcl a Iiigh wa'utage liiiip 70, by me,,tiis o', b,@,nO, 5'0, fittili(,, vvi'Lhin the noek pc-1--tion 54 of the retlector 50 tr@d secured to the latter b.@r ineans 0-1@ the rivet 55. The N.CCI@ porti.on 54 of the reflector 50 is f ormecl witla a rc,etangular tpei-tLire 56 aiid the si),Ice(I -0 ' g(.,d end portions 5'1 of' the bai-id 53 ex,@-encl Asc reivlu@8thread15 t Z" ed tlirough the fl@ti-iged eiids 57 serves to claitip tl-ie fle,@ible baticl 53 securely ti-ound 'Llhe Itirp sool@et 60. The dispositioii of the various parts relt2Q tive to one anoti-ier is stich as Nvill fur,.iish axig@l alinement of tb.e light source 0 proclticecl by the lai-iij), with the difftisiiio- alobe 40 aiid such that 'ulie centralized or riii(- fil" ii,lent 0 coi-in-ioi-i to high v,,att,,,Lo@e Ictmps lies Sul tably below the pl,,iiie passincx tiii-oligh the edge ct, the ptirpose of th,-.s loc,ttion of the 1-igh'u- source will be appareiit fi-oin the followi-no, I As ,t in.-ans ivhicli -will gii,e the fixttiret',"' 30 01'@qAiiie@it,,tl al)i)earance, the '@ower part of Ile curv(,cl poi:ti-oii C oi"61ie bowl is coi,-ered by oi,-aqtie .iniiular meriber 80 of stiita ble o'riiaii-ie-,ital desig@-i projectiiig beyojid the outer of t'ile globe ai-icl hold iii place 2,5 L-y E), pluraliltv ofelampiiir plites 81 pi-oover i,,pp-,i@ p,-,rt o'L tlfie --@,ed i)orti,,ii C o-l" tiie bowl aiicl se,,tir(,,Iy c I", ]@ fastedod to the opq,ciLi(,, iiieiiber 80 b.1, o-r scre,,vs 82. This opaqtio @)0 in 110 4o wa-T t',Ie oi-03",Il ole the b(,wi-, ts beiii@ide by the ilic)- desci-i@)tiie stiicl of the ii,,,i-it rays f--co,,ii y 'clif" 0 di-i7tisiig i t'iieboA-v-l. ri(,-'L@erri-rig to 1, iti,s se,-i-i tliit to disposi'ui,-,@@-, of the v '1,1" -i@arts, ti,l] of i,!)c, 1,@,tvg froin tli,c I'@c,,iii-ce 0 strike rc,,.Flector 50 )@s iiiie I are ieflecte,@l onto the lo-@),er ceiiti-,- 1 ].iow'j POI@'tl()ii A, t'liose r,,Lyg s'ui@il@iiip, the reille-,I@oi- 50 @ubstaiiti,,,Ily an -,n(-Ie of in,,,,icletice of 9f at degrees. I-Teiice re@qecteOL i-ay-, froin the r?f-lectoi,, stri.ii:lial- 'ctie con.tril bowl portioji A, ai-e ti-aiisi-rilttecl qiic.1 difftigecl throu(,,I-i tIlLi's portion, as indicttecl by the Iiiie ancl cliff usiiin svjlll)ol 1'. Al.so, direct fron-i the soiirce 6 stri.king t'lie lom,er cp-r,.'Ural T)oi-tioi-i A 01 tile bowl Lre traiismitted ,iild difft,,sed thi,ougii this po-.,-4L"Ioi-i, .is indlc,,tte,,l by tl-ie liiies and cliff usii-i- symbols 2. Th-, upper por'Llion of this t73 cliff tiso-,l '@i (,Tht is iii 1,)art tlirow--i onto the lo-v,,er polished -lass siirface of the i'Lower aiiiit,l,ir portiqii B ancl, reflec-,ted doiviw,,troly tl-ier6froin, ,ts indicated b)T the Iiiie 2', tliereby materitlly addino- to il-ie illtimiiiation of t@ odj,@cts ill clire@l.-ioii. Algo a seill, i i-ef-lectiiap, its -a',-tachja,,ent to a 51 of portion of the lio,lit rays froin the source 0 as illustrated by th@e' line 3 reflecl@- from the upper anii,,ilar portion D onto the loiver central portioi-i A tllrouo,,h -,I,Iiieh they are diflusecl, as inclicated by the line tnd s3,n-ibol 3'. A portion of the licyht diffusect in this ly4y refleets from the lower aiinular portion B,,,ts iii'dictted by tl-ie line 3", which also i.-,lcreises doiiiiward illtii-i-iiiation. Ti-ie liglit i-,,iy 04 indicates the IoNver ex- 75 trcme limit of direc@'u rays froin tile source 0 tlial inav strike tl-le tipper alinular portion D. The ray@s froiii the s6urce 0 at or above the line Oa Nvhlch strike the upper annular portion D are partly diffused tlirough this por- so tioii, ,is indic,,tted by tl-ie line apcl symbol 3 a,, i ci 'Llie iii-ics and s ymbols @ 4, btit due 11-o the anale of -iiiel-deiice of these r-ays, - ltrge i)ortio-n of tl-iis 1 . igl-it will be reflected from the rpper polislied portion D onto ei'-Iie@.- the flanging portiqn B or the bowl portioii A tiii-otio-li wliieh-they ai-e diff@ised, as i--Qdic,,tted by tl@@i' e line 3' as Iready discuss d, ail@L the @liid syii:ibols 4', tlie'lttte@ 41 1 so adding to the illiimiliation of objects placed below the oq gl()be. Fi-om the precedino- cliscussioii, it is seen I I t-,i@it the laro-er the aii(y]-e of incidence of the rtys 4, th,e tol@reater tl:@-ir tei-ideiicy to be refle ted btek from the tipper i@nular portion 9 c D oiito the low.,-r portioii B. Vvi@ull L'I'le COre'at;i7e disposition of the bowl and the ligl-it sotirce aiicl the directions of the rays julst described, there will be a miniinum ,tmouiit of ClilTuseoL light passip-g upwaro@ly toii,ard the ceiliilg ai-id sti@ ro,,inding walls at poin'Lls located sti.bstar,.tially lov6l with or aboare tlae solirce, 0. Hence, the illum,iiation of the Sui,rotii2c@.irg are,,t OLepends olal3T to t very sli,,,Ilt exf,ent on the reflect(,,-.1 lio',it frori the ceiiijig ,t,,id 'Lhos(, j)orti-oii o the's-Lirrouiiding ival'p, i,oc,,i',3ccl @@iiL)stpi).tially lovel iiT-' h or al)o-,7e t-,e light solirce 0, as a-,i addeot sol,,ree of illtiipiiiitioia T-oi@ )biects sitia'ced below ti@e 1-1-ic bowl. pla-Tie of 4 Oli the otlier liqid, liowever, the provisioill iceci 02 SP, a , n ul.ar poitions B and D, it is iiou-i-cecl 5 @-xalces possible a grea'Ler i'Lltiiiiiiilqtion of objects -1?1,,ced bel.oii, the plane o' 'he fixture, aiid ftirtb-.rinore t (-reater ill-Li -L u m tioii of objeel-s distir)tly removed from t-he vertica,l p,,issing thi-oii(yh the li-ht source 0 OW) D tO the light di@- tise0@ tl.-iro@gh tlae lo-,iei, ceiitral globe portio-,-t A, being reflected it Iirge a-tigles froi-ii@ the under stirface of the lowei,iintilir poi,tion B, aiid to a IeQser extent owiiily to the light clifj'used tl-irougli the lo-",er annular portion B being reflected from t he upper portion D. Iii c nseqtience of this Niid r clistriblition 125 0 e of liglit on the floor plane and tl@e siil,,i,ll ai--Yio-,-tiit of I-.ght emittecl above the plane of the iixttire, the latter is reiiiarkably well stiited for use iii ofiiees aiid stores, ancl especiall y fact,)ries, tl-ie e-oiliii s 0-@f ivhicl-,i are ofter. I," 9 (,@5
[3]1,741,693 more oi- less formed vvith projecting beams whicli ,tdcl difticult@les to the locatiiio, of lio-l-itC, in,, fixtures usin(,;, reflec'-ed ii,,ht,froin the cel 'ling as ,tn ,tdcled source of illumination. Also, iihere the cei-lin(y or walls are either panell.ed oi- decoratecl, Lipwardly clirected li@yht becoires an aliiiost total'oss aiid ii-t these cases, my improved li.ghting fixt,,ire is effeetilte as iii ei'iqcient iiiotl-iocl of illumina-@'ion, the 10 larger part of tl-ie ligli'u being tr,,tnsriiittecl cloivniv,,troly over a large floor space Yvhile the sln,,tll. an-iount of ligl-it transmitted ul,)ivardtv is lievertheless stifqc'lent to illullqinate the p,,Lnelled o.- decorated ceililig or Nv@Lils. Als,) iii15 these cases, the lighting fixti-,.re procl-Lices both ,i (iecoi@ative ond I)Ieasc-.iit illuminatinu eltec' U. Wi't,'ti tli.is ivider distribtition of light over a lii-ge-r floor surf,,ice, d-Lie to the 6xtra liuht transruitted from the IoNver annLLIar portion ?o B, a i-nore iiniform clistrib-Lition of light over @t 1,,trger floor surface, is also obtainecl since n, ,,_ distant objects tre -3n Deed 0-f inore illumi tion than objects in closer proximity to the vertical. 25 In this connectioii, honvever it is noted that 110 direct rays from the s6urce 0 aiicl no r@- f',ectecl r,@tys from the reflector 50 caii reach the lo-"Ter aiinlilar stirface B owino, to @uhe co-relative disposition of the I globe t@, 40, the 30 reflector 50 and the centralized filamerit 0. In this way, too great an ill-Limination of o'o4 ects removed fr@m the vertical is prevented, wl-ii-ch is desir,,tble, siiiee, direct or reflected rays from tbe'reflector, if otherwise m,,ide to 3.5 pass tliroiigh the IoNver aiinular porti-on B ' -\voul.d produce centr,,Iized spots, removed f rom the vertical, of greater light intensity than o@t'lliers 'located betweeii tl-ie latter ,tncl the vertical, owing to the specitl confi(yu - n ra 40 tion of the bowl, ,tncl in coiiseq-Lie-nee there woiild result, non-Liiiiforinity of light distriblition and hence disI.-ressiin(y contrasts ,tnd sh,,tdows. In other words the absence of inciclent rays from tl-ie sol-irce 0 or from the re4a flector 50 on the ,tnnul,,tr portioii B resiilts in ,(,Yiving as nearl)T as possible a -Liniforin climinisliiiig o'L the liglit int,-,nsity of i-lltiininated objects aivty froin the verticil. Substa@iti,,tily no incideiit r,.ty reaches tho, 5r, curved portioii C of tl-io globe and coiisee,uently the orn,,imental opaque member 80 does iiot imp,,tir the ftincti,onal operation of tlio globe. The op,.ique m.ei-pber 80, as illusLr,,Lted in 'uhe drawing, is.arraiiged to cover as little of the globe si-irf ace ,ts possible, thereby onablin as n-iuch of the diffused light as 1) @ssibl@ to 9 be projected otitwardly to adjace-.it surrl)undiiio, walls. Fig. 3 shows a modified foriii of globe con6c) striietion. The Tipper and IoNver annlilar portions B ancl D.are still retained bi-it the lower part of the central portion A is of greater curvature than the globe shown in the other fioures, and the upper part curves inwarcllv @o ,Is to 1)rovide a greater raclial widtl-i to the lower anniil,,tr portion B. This forin of globe achieves the san'le functional urp pose of illuininatio-@i as dcscribecl ,tbove. It is clesi.red to have it understood that the position of the ceiitralized light source 0 70 )Aitllin the globe portion A may bo varied, ivith6ut departino-, hoivever, from the principle of tlle invention. In tl-iis respect, the loaver the location of this source iitith respect to the eireliiiiferential edge a, the less the 75 ii-Limber of ligl-it rays which strike the upper ,Liinul.,tr portioii D of the globe and hence the less the light emitted to the ceiling. The centralized filpm-,nt 0 is shoivn loc,,tted substantially bol@o-w the edge a, in Fio, 3 for p-Lirpose of clearress,.al.thol-igh this locati6n colild also be sliowia i.,-i the iii@iin ei-iibodirnent of the in@ontioii as !.Illustrated iii Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 3, the source 0 is positioiied substlntially at the center o'L etirvature of the lower 85 cenf@ral poi-tio ' ii A ,tnd the direction of the -iall nliiiiber li@y It ray Oa ndi ini etites that a sii o'L d-irect r,,Lys from the source 0 may strike the upper aiini-ilar portion D. Iii this - NVay@ less ligiat reacli.es 'Lhe ceiling and correspond- 1)o iiiz(,@ly t oli,eater imouiit is tlirown on the floor plane. Thi@, lio:l-it distribtition from my iinproved typo of -i-eflec-"or , lobe is illustrated by 9 the comparative photometric candle power CLXves iii Fig. 4, a 100 Nvatt, 1350 liimens clear ti7@ngs'uei-i lai-iip of the filament riDtype beii-ig used. The dotted line ciii.,ve shows the i!IUL',Ilill',ItiD.g radiatioii of the lamp alone, LI n s the ra- ioo ivhil,e 'he solid lii-ie etirve B i dicate cli.at-,-.n of the luim-,i.iair. Botli curves indic,,i'L-,o the ftpparent candle ponier at a distanef-, of teii feel.- from the li(,ht source. From the zn solid line clirve,, it is .ioted thtt there is a miiiimum alnotiiit of d'fftisecl light above the 105 plane of the iiglit sotirce, while below this pl.ane, the etirve iiidicates a maximtim amo I Lint of l@gl-it distributecl at large all o-les. Belo1v the hcrizoiital -olane, the variatioii in can(Ile poiller V'@, s f rom poiiit to poiiit is conipar,,ttively !'U is also P-oted that there is pi@ac tic,,tlly no sliarp be.nds iii tl@e curve beiciv, tl@e lighi-@ sotirce. Coiisequently iny iinprove d coi-istrtiction of difrusin(, o'lobe not oi-iiy,- tlT'or@L3 a iiiax-Lmuln ainount of light dis- 115 t,. ib,,ited ,it 1,,trge aiigles in a downward diree@ tioii bi-it at tlic- 9,,tme tliiie a o-radtial dinaiiiislii.iig of tb-. liglit ijitei-isity of illiiiiiiiiate(I obj,c'Ls is obtaiiied, which i-naterially eliininates. visual contrast effects. 120 from 4,he test shown iii Fio@ 4 t@-ie ratio c-f t,Lic liglit fftix valtie of the iillir below 90 de@,,rees (669) to the total ILiinei ,,,3 value of the bare laiiip (1,9)40), is .5, iiiclicatiiig a lar--o ainount o@f light tra-nsmit- i25 ted @Lo the lioor @lane. T he test clirves sho-",ii in Fig. 4 were obt,,iined for a disposition of the various parts, pti@ti cul,,trl .y in regard to the centralized filai-nei-it 0, as shown iii Fig. 1. Li vidently, for i3o
