claim:- 1. A naacliinecl-in pivot for scale levers comprising ai-i exp,,insible pivot holder ocket of a seal ,tdal)ted to be seated in a s e lever, aiid 9, pivot b,,ir seated in said holder nile s ,irld for d with face whicli are respeetively parallel witli and inclin(,cl to the longitudii-ial axis of the pii,ot bar, whereby the' ivot bar forces the holder into binding p 3 eiiga(-('mei-it witli the socl@:et of the scale lei,ei- and iiiailitains its -working edge in fixecl i-el,,ttlon t6 the scale leA7er. 2. A i.-emovable pivot for selile levers comprisilig an exl)ansible soelceted holder adapt40 ed to fit a liole in 9, sc,,ile levei-, and a pivot b,Lr fittiiig the soclcet. of said hold,ar, said holder and pivot bai- being formed with corilesl)oiidii-ig eiigyaging siii-faces arallel p witli the lon(yitudinal axis of the pivot bar 4-) -,Lrid otlier e-@igao-iino- surfaces which are inclined to s,,tid axis. 3. The combination with an expansible pil,ot liolder formed witli ,t receii,iiig socket, &o one f,,ice of ivliieli is I)ai-allel with the lon(yittidinal a,xis of the holder wliile ,tnother flt'ce is ta,pered oi.- inclined t6 said txis, oi' a knife ed.-:e pii7ot I)ai@ liivii-ig a sur@face parallel wi.@h its loi-igittidinal axis qiid allother siirf,,ic,e inclliied to its s,@iid axis. 5 T 5 4. The. combination with ,Ili exi),iiisible e t holder f6i,;Ocli@ ted pivo iiie;d in coiiiple men'tar), sectioiis, a li:nlfe edge pivot bir fittiiig the socl@et of saicl sectional 1-tolder, correspondiiig enga(,ing faces of the holder and 6o I)i-,,ot bar beiiig inclinecl to the axis of the b@,ii- to cause the holde@r to expa-iicl whei the I)ar is forced therein. a. The combination witl-i a sc,,tle lever having a slibstontially cylindrical machined 65 I)ivot-receiv,l,ng soelcet, of an ext)aiisible socketed I)ivot holcler shapecl to fit and be adjlisted iii the socket of said scale lever@ and a longitudinally tapered pivot bai.@ seated in said holder. 6. The coiiibinatioi inith a scale lei,el- 70 li@iviiig a iiiacliined pivot-receiving socket, of an exp@irilsit)le piA7ot holdoi- adapted to be seated in tl-ie socket of S',Iid scale lever, lilid a pin,ot bai- seat d i e n said liolder aiid formed Airith faces which are reSpeetilTely I)arallel 75 iAItli and ii-icliiied to the loiigitiidiiial axis of the piaot bai@, ivhei-eby the lioldei- is exI)ancled into binding engao-emeiit ii,ith the socket of ttie seile, lei,er "tild the worli:ina edge of the I)ivot b,,tr is maintaiiied ii, tiie 80 desii-ed ingtilar relation to soid leiei,. T. The combin,,i,tion ivitli a scale leier hal,- iiig a iilacliined pii,oi--i,eceiA,-ill(r SOC]cet, o-l' aii adjtist,,tl-)Ie expaiisibl.e piiot liolder foi-nied iiit,]-i ,i loncritudi-nall)- tapei@ed socket, 85 ancl ,t loii[gitudii7,,tlly tapered l@nif e edge@ ])ivot bar fittin- the soeliiet ofsaid holdei-. 8. The coiiab natioi-i with a scale lever liaving a c3,lii-iclric,,tl pii,()t-i,eceii,in- soelket, of an expansible pivot bolde@t@ sliape@l to fit and 90 be adjlisted in s,,tid lovei, socli@t and forined ivith i lono-itticlinally tapered socket, a-nd 'It kiiife edge I)ivot bar tapered longitudi0 e ai n,,tlly t fit the socli: t of s d holder. 9. The combiiaation witl-i a sctle leier liav- 95 ino- a i@einfoi,ced section forined Avith a I illachiiied pivot-receivin(r socli:et of ,Ln expaiisible socketc-cl holcler adjust,,tbly moiintecl iii the socl;@et of saicl scale lea,er, alid @t loligitiidiiially t@tpei-ed piv6t ball fittilig tile 100 socket of said holdei.-. 10. A reiiloa,able pii,ot foi- scale le@,(@rs colliprising ,ii-i expansible socketecl holdei, ,tdapted to fit a liole in a scale lever, an(i a knife-edge pivot bai@ fitting tl-io, socket of 105 said holdei,, said holder aiid pivot b.ar bein. cr foriiiecl witb coi-i-espondin@ ,z eno,,,tcriiig sui faces inclined to the loD-it@lai-iial@ a"xis of t@lie z@ll pivot bar and tlle holder being clit. awa3, to expose the worl6ng kn.ife ed(Ye where de- 110 tn sired. 11. The combination with a reinforced scale lei,er fornied with a pii,ot-i@eceiA7in(y socket in its rein foi,ced pa,rt and 11al7in(r sai(I reiiiforeed I Stifficielltl), pai,t ei.it aNN-a.) to ex- 115 pose the working I)il7ot, o-C in (,.xl)aiisibl(, socketed holder iiioiiiited in tlic. socl.--et@ of s,,tid scale leirei@ and ciit aAva.)T to expose. the pivot, al'id ,t pivot bir wedged in the socket of said liolder. 120 12. The combination ",ith a scale learer formed -with a ivot-i-eceivitig socl@et aii exp I)ansible socki-,ted pivot-liolder rotatably acljust-,Lble, in s,,tid lever-socket, a pivoi bail mounted in the socket of said holder and projectino, beyond the holder at one end, saicl hol(ier a'nd pivot bar having en(raging surf,,ices which I)ermit relative lonLriC7Lidin:il inove.-nent ancl lock eirctimferentialli,, Avbereby the pivot and bolder can be rotated 13(

1,527;025 a together in the lever socket to ,idjust t-lie pivot bar by en-aging the projectin(,, end of said bar. 13. The combination -with a scale lever formed )iith a pivot-ieceiving socl<et, aii expansible socl@eted pivot-holdeli@otatably adjustable iii said lever-socket, ,tnd a pivot bar wedged lonc),ittidinalli, in the socket of zn s,,tid holder the en-,io-in@, surfaces of@ saicl 10 holdei- aiid pivot bar peri-ii'tt@@ng a limitecl i-elative inovemei-it lon"it-LidinalliT and locking eircumferentia,113,. 14. In a device of the cliaracter described, the combination of a member h,,tvirig a 15 socket, a pivot holdei- rotatably ,icljust,,ible iii said socket, and -@ pivot bar NiTedged lodyitud@@nally in said holder, and iiedgin- means securinu botli the liolder aiid Pi.vot bai- in position. 20 1 5. li a device, of the cli,,ti-actei- described, tl-ie combinatioi-i of ,t meinber havin(y t socket, an expansible pivot lioldeirotatably adjtistable ii-i said socket, 9, pivot bar loncyltucliiially Nvedgecl iii s,,iid holder, and locli:- 25 ii-io- the holdei- and btr in position. 16. Tn a dei,ice o-f th(@ charactei- cl-escribed, the combination of ,t sli, od pivot bar h,,ii,- 111) ii-i(v lonoitudin,,tl ivedge stirfaces, N-vitli a pivot holder baaiig ,t longitliciiii,,tlly tapered 30 channel to receive said pivot btr, ,ind foi-med with an oliter cylindrical surface par,illel -\vith tl-ie -\vorking bearing of s,- @id pivot bir. 1'(. In o device of the charactei- described, tlie, coinbiiiation of a member having a 36 socket, a loiigitudinally t,,ipel-ed pivot bar h,,tviii(, a iyoi-l<iii- I)earing, -Nvitli a holder i-otatal)li, adjiistable in said socket, said holder I)ei-.io- chann(@led to receiie said tal)ered pin,ot bai-, and foi,med witli aii outer 40 c3,lindrical siirface pirillel witli the workiny beariiig of said pivot bar. 18. In ,i clovice of the character described, the combination of a. 1,-iiife eclge pivot bar having its knife edge partllel to its 101-igi- 4r) tudl'nal axis tnd its cross-sectioilal ,Irel smiller at one end than at the other, Avitli ,i holdei- block foi,ined Aviltli a i-eccivii-i(, channel to aectir,,itel37 fit s,.tid pivot bai@, Lncl an outer c,)711i-idric,,tl surface pai@i,tilel iiith the 5o kiiife edge of said pivot bar. 19. In a device of tlie, cliqr@icter clescribed, the combination of a tapered pivot balfoi-med ivith i knife ed@),-e pal-allel Avit-11 its longitt,.diiial axis, Avith sectional pivot 55 lioldei-, eael-i section of ivhich is formed ivitli an aii-tilai- cliannel i-i its inner face, one ivall. of eael-i of said eh@qnnels bein(y parallel i'vith the axis of tll(,, lioldei- sectloii ivbile the ot'jier wall of e,,teli cliaiinel is Ionitudin,,illy 60 t-I inelii-iecl t'o saicl axis, s,,Lid sectioiial pivot holder beino, foriiied iiith an extel-nal cylindrical siirface, ivhicli is parallel to the knife (,(Ige of sqid pivot bar. I-IUGO F. BRUG1\1-kNN.

Patented Feb. 17, 1925, 115279025 UN.,@ITE@D "STIATES RP,A@TENT '.OFFICE. HUGO F. BRUGDIANN, O'F MU'RLAND, VER.XONT, ASSTGNOR TO -HOWE SCALE COMPANY, OF RUTLAND, VERIMONT, A CORY,@ORATION OF VERXONT. @FIVOT FOR SCAL-B LEVERS. Application filed September 3, 1921. Serial No, .498,320. C(71''1(@lio;i,, it )1?@ay eoileern.. 'Be it.ltiiown.tl-iat;I, 1-1-uGO:F. BRuGilAN--@-@, :@'t eitizeii of the Uiiited States@, resicling iii Rtitlaii(.1, coitiit-N, of lliitl@ind, @ind St,,,Iu-(@ of ,i @AT rnlo lit, haATe i eiited certaiii iieAiT ,,tiid iiv iiseful @Illiprovenients @iii 'Piv6ts -for Scale -wh'cli4 the followiiig 's ,t specifica,T,ei,ei-s@ of tion. lji tli(,, coiistruction of @scale JENTP _rS, par10 -Li .ticula@ly sucli as are eiiiploye(--l iii the iiian C,,tcttir(,@o-f railio,%cl tr.,Lclc sc,,tles tiid scales @fQll,other@ heavy, ivorl@, considerable diffictilty is eileountere(I iii acelirtitely @locatinotli pivots which intist @be iii;exact locatioii u oi-i p 15 the scale lever tiid paa@allel ivitli and at proper dist,,tnces froii:i othell pivots cirl,ied .o @the, scale.;IeAei-. :Tlie -working eclge of ,t pivot lutist@be 'ui a h6riz,oiital position alid exactly p,,trallel and oi-i a@ con-iirioli level witl-L 20 eiTer3' other pii-ot @iii the saine n-iei-iiber. The ;oblect of the preseiit invelition is to pi,oi,ide ii).@ipioved se@ile lever pii,ots Avl-Licli can be ,idj-List,,ibl.1, ii@ioliiited in iiiael-iiiied h6les ill the levers @so @that tl-ie ivots -Nvill p 2;3 I)e intei,elitiiip,,eable ancl sttiiidardized, tiid li'lore re<tdily and accui,,,itely appli6d aiid i-einoi,able for repaii, or rene-wltl. TI-ie iiiaste@ locations of the se-,ile lever, pia-ots ,ire obtaine(l@by borii-ig lioles iii the 3o scale, leA7ei-s at pi,operly spaced points detpriiiiiied by liieans Of the micrometer se@eal, ,,i,djtistiiiej-its oi-L the t,,ibles of the bor_lilol ITI,t6hiiie. A pl@rot liolder is ch,,tnneled Co i,eceive a hti,deiied, finislied pii,bt bai.- aiid 35 theii qccurately@tiii@iied iiito cyliiiclrical foi-i-ii to fit the bored holes. of the se@ile levej-. In @lial)i.no- the evliiidrical stirfaeg, of tl-ie p-ii,ot liolcle,r, ihe iiiifiii.'Islie(I holder bl6ek is iiioi-iiatecl to tlirn upoii tii axis p-,.i,tallel A-vith the 40 ivoi-l@iiio- ecio-e of the fiiiished pivot, wliicli is collieiiieiitly aecoiiiplisl-ied by@ iijoiiiitilig it. Ltpon tlie. fiiiished pivot or upon a i-iiaster pivot oi, iiialidi-c@l of the s,%n-ie sh,,ipe @s t@lie -,iicieiit Avith7the sc,,tle lever by the ing engao;, actioii of @the ivedgilio- iileaiis. Tlle wedo-- 55 iiig,n-ielans coiiifirise T)referably coopei-atii@i'g fices upoil tlle. pivot b-,Ir aild holder, whicli -ii-e ta i,ed oi- 'ii6li ed to tl-ic \vorl@iiig eclg 0 lie 1 11 or loiio-itudi-nal ,txis of the pivot pi-opei@, ;-%vl erebi- tl-fe @liolcler is expailded by foreiil(r 60 I n the I)i-vot lo@ngitudii'lally iiato it. Iii oilder that iiiv iiiveiitioii intl7 be@ f ull)@ uiidei- tood, I ivill first :describe'the s@tn-ie ivitli to the a ccoinpaiiying.dra-Nvi,ia'- @s ztiid afterw,,trd point out tlie, novel 65 - tt,,ires ii-.t the aiiiaexed claiiiis. In sa-id F ' tire I is aii iiiside elevatioi-i of oiie.pai-t 19 of a section,,tl pivot holder. F igtire 2 is ali eiid vienv of the same. 7 0 F igui-P, 3 is a side elevatioii bf the finislied piv ot bar. F igure 4 is@,tn eiid vieiv of the siiiie. : Flgure,,5 is a sectional, plan view of a poi @tioli of ,t scale lever havilig tiie improvec.1 75 ieiiioi,able pia,ot iiiotiiited theieiii. r 4igLire:@6 is a side eleiatioii of the saiiie slio Ni'l.ll(, the I)ivot in end elevatioii. F igui- 7 is a i,ert'cal, ti-@iiisveL-se sectioii Of ti@e saiiie t,,iken oii the line.7--4 of-@F' @ 8,0 19 ur e:6. F igui,e 8 is a view of tho, coiyibi'xiod pii,ot a-nd holclei, shoiviiig iii secti6ii the 1-ioldeit@iii tl-ie foi-iii of Figiii@,e 9. Fi-@tires 9, 10, aiid 11 @tre, respectively, 85 eiid A,ie\i7s cf different foriiis of [lie iiiipi-oved pia-ot and holder. Figures 19- aiid 13 ,ti-e detlil perspective views of parts of differeiit forins of scale lea,ers, llliisti-.iting the iiioiiiitilig of tlle iiii- I)o pioxiecl pii,ot iii 6, dotible;iveb iffordii-ig support at opposite eiids and exposi- g the piA7ot I)etween its ends. Fi.gure 14 is a side -elev,,ttioii of' the form of pivot ai-id holder in Figlives 19 95 aiid too. fii-iisli.ecl ])ivot aiid theii ttirniiig the ts- - Fig(ire 15 is aii eiid vievt of the saiiie. '15 senibled I)ii7ot aiid lioldei, tipo,ii centers in 10 is t side (@levation of a sliglitl), the piiof a,.xis arallel AVith the Avorkin(,- sliapc, of I)iA,ot and li6ldcr foi.- p 'Witli the clotible Aiebbec.1 seale, lei7er. 1 0 0 i - i s Tlie, pii-ot hold.er is iiiicle expiiisible in(I Figiii-e I tii end i7'eW of tlie, g@iig iyieanf -betnv-een tlae Iii'l@'lgures aiid 7 1 liai,e 41:ioivii (i -,c@eived ' i ,ti,e I)i-ovided I @ I .11, 60 h6ldei@'and pia'ot ba@r so tl-iat, ;@,-bei-i t]- ic. tio,@l ol' 1,)Ortioii of @i ki-ioA@-n tll)e of h6,ldei@ aiici pi@rot. ar'e mouiitecl and piopei-IA, 8ti@,iiaht lever for @i a d tr@iel@ seile. adjiisted iii 'the, i-n@i@.Iiiiied hole 6f tlie" sclif@ The IeN-ei- is iii@ti,oated at I and.is foriiiecl i,- - 105 le@er, the liol(l@er c4'tn be'expaiided into biiidwitli i ii ai .-ii body _@otitioi

1,527,025 streiigtliening ribs or flaiiges above aiad below as sliowli at 11, and lb aiid proi,ided at ,ippi-oxiiii,itel.@, the pi-opei@ locatioiis for the pj@l-()t iv.itli iiitegi,al c@ist h-Libs or [,,osses @-) exteiidiiio- Lilio-ii opl)osite f aces of ti iie Inaiii iyeb bodir of ttie scale leN7er. Iii the p,@@oper boriiig li'laebilie, ivitli the i) sit:oiis loellited as ',L )ssible 0 I ectirptely as pc stiitable holes or socketg are bored traiis- " 10 vei-s-11- tlii@otio-11 the reinforced hiibs or )-)osses of tlt(,. le@-ers 117here the pivots ai-e- to I)e located. Ttie c)- Iillclric,,tl holes referred to are iiidicated in Flo,-Lii@es @5. 6, aiid -i by, II Lillier-,tl 5. Wliel-i these holes, as shoivn at 'Oper P,, 15 5. ai,e (.Irill.ed, the p,- ,rts of the s@reiig,,tlieiiiiig bosses 2 are cut aivay to oxpose @l-I)e pi@-ots ia-liere desirecl. Iii the foriii of levei- slio)iii in the figures referi-ed to these Jjosses I-) ,ii,e ctit aAl,-a,@ as sl-iown at 3, 20 13ec,,itise, in this foriii of scale lever, the ivorking edge of the pivot is exposed oi-i opplosite sides of tlie. se-,ile lever. aiid preseiited -Lip-kv,Li-dly. fillislied, liardeiiecl piA,()t b,,ir 10, slich as 25 slioivii iii Figiires 3 iiid 4, is forn-ied ivitli ,t l@Dife edge beaiiio- loa o-f the clesired inclit(led angle. Iii illachinii-i(y this pii,ot 1).ii@ 10, t]@ie bai- is Sul-)pot-t6d tipoji centers ii-i its Toli@--itti(Iii)@il axis aiid tli(- faces Job ire cut 30 parallel i-vith this loiigittidiiiil ,,xis iyith the resiilt tliit the kiilfe edge ill also be pai,allel to the ixis of the b@ii-. The bottoiii of thc, I)ai, 10 is then foriiie(I bIT etlttilito. tll(- " faces 10c upon a. taper oi, ii-iclii-iatioii to tbe@ 35 c,,-,i-, of the bai@. TI-io resiilt of this opei-@itioll is the p,- @odilictioi-i of a piltot, b,-,r that is of siii@,illei, ei.,oss sectioiial tii@ea @it oi-ie eiid tl-i'lli at the otlier Avitli aii tapei- froiii the lal-ge eiid to the sll'l,,tll elicl Avliile, ,It tj e I 40 tiiiie, the kiii.T'e edge I)e,. . ii.-iii(y is trul-v ])ai-@tllel to the loi-igitiidii-ipl axis of the bar. To @idjttstably ai-id i-eiiio),Ilbly ii-ioilnt tl-ie ilyipi,oved ivot bar iii the iiiacb.iiicd 1-iole of p the scale lei,er, I foi-iii @iii e-.,,paiisible I)i@7ot 45 liolder ivliieli iiiav I)e varioiiglv consti-ticted ,is hei@(-illaftei, explaii-ied, biit iiiiieh is pi-efcral)l-v iiia(le iii sectiolls clianiieled to i.-ece i-\70, illic i)ii-ot I)a,r ai-id externall-v sh,,iped to aecitra,teli fit the ii'lael-iine(-l ol)eninp-@ iii fli(, 50 sc@'lle lever. 'The prefei.-red foriii of the, expiiisible I?Ivot holdci- ,is illtistratecl iii Fiaiir(,.s' 1. 2, (i a n cl 7 o -L' tli(, draAAin2@s, coiiiprlses t-syo C(lilipleiiientar,)- lia]A,(,,s oi, , etiol)-, 1r). se 1)5 17 in tlle pl@,,ne of sepai@,,itioii of- the see,tioias and the faces IS ajicl 19, the follm(@r of Avliieh is in a plane parlllel i@,,itb the loiigittidiii-.il axis of the liolcler - while the latter is @it an tngle oi, upoii a t,,iper to said 60 txis. The ai-igtilai- relation o@f the faces IS ftiid 19 is. oTcotirse, deteriiiined bv the ,iiigi.ilar rel@ition of the fqces Job ard l.Oc of tl-ie pivot bpr aboi,e referi,ecl to. 'f'Ai,o liolder -sectioiis, iiiade ii-i ex,,ict - (Itipli",.65 cates, ai -e fitted ovei, the pivot bar 10, or a iiiastc@l- pivot or iiiandrel of the sal-ile sl-i,,tl)e, ai-id (,I@impe(I iii position thereoii and placed iii ,t latlie tipoii the cejitei-s iii the longittidiiiil @ixis of the pivot b@ti- parallel witl-i the @vorkii-ig beai@ing edo-e 101. SLipported ii-i 70 this iiii,.iiier. the extc-rior stirfteo 6f th@,'seetioii@il holdei, block is ttirned do@vn to a eylin(li@ical foliii to @tectiratel - - @y fit the c3,lijiCillicti:l liole 5 itiael-iii-ied iii the scale lever as liei-eini)efore described. T5 117lieii the sectiolia-I liolder has beeli slial)ed to fit the hole iii the scale lever, it 1-i@is pol@-t;oiis cut aivtly, as iiidicatecl at 20 c6rrespopdiiio,- ivitli the, cut-a-",@t,.), p6rtioiis of the reii-iforeing bosses 2 of the scale len@eiso 80 tli@it -N-VIlell the assembled pivot b,,ii, aiid liolde,,@ are drivel'i in place ii-i the liole of the sca.le lea,er. the -N,@,ol-kiiig kni-fe ed(,e of tli(@ pii-ot bai@ iiill be exposed in-liere desii.,ed. 1,,'Iieii the iii-iprovecl I)i.vot is iiiotiiite(I ill 85 tlic, I)rep@ti-ed hole of a setile leitpr, its Posi- I tioli is aectirately adjusted by rotatino, tli.c@, I)iA-ot and liolder in the hole or socket of,tlic Iii ii-ilking this tidj ustiliclltl t-,Iio lioldei, ciii I)e sliglitlv @i,e(Iged iiito bliidiii(,Y 1)ositioll 90 s( ttia'u the l@older aiicl pivot bar . wi.11 iioi-. tlii-ii too i-eaciiIN7. The sli,@ipe of the prole(,,till(, o,.ild of the piiot bar a;ffoi@cls ii-ieang fol@ collA7el-lieiit eiig-,Igei-iient foi, the proper t-(()l l@)V A,,-Iiicli tlie, 4iiial adjlistiiie can be iiia(le. 95 II'li(@n the kiiife ed"e bearilicr of the I)ii,ot i,, i i-I @l(,-,ired Al'it]-i'referer)ce to tile 1("]L- I)i@-ol@s of the si,steiii of scale lei,(@rs, the is drii-en ul yllt, ill its I ioldeito ('Nl)i,llid tile liolder into firiii biiidinl(y (,il.. 100 (T,,io'eiii(,iit witli the socket of the Tt ivill be iiiidei@stoocl that in (i pia-ot b,,ti@ ill its exp,,iiisil)le holder the stti-- f,,,CeS Job of tll(l , PiNT(t coirie iii coiita(,t A@-itli tll(, stii-faces 18 of the -,ectioji@il lioldei- 105 the stirf,,ices 100 of the I)ivot ai-e iii colit@l(.t ivitli tl)e siirfaces, 19 oT- the lioldell. 'I'llis iiistii@es the present,@itioii of the l@iiife e(](,e beai.-in(, 10a of th(, PiN'Ot ii-i PI-ol)Cl' llol!izolltil positioli. The tapei,ed sill-faces of 110 pia,ot aiid holder c,,ttise the holder to Wilen the I-)i-v,ot is di-iveii longittidinal]Nill the ch,,tianel of tl-i(, liolder aii(I in iiig f-he holdei@ ilito this fixed I)osit:,ioi tll(-, accui-ate hoi-izoiital positioii of the 115 edf,@e b(,arii-ig- A-Vill. be iriLintiii-le(l. Fio,Lii,o, @tO of the di@,,t-,viii s@ I Si-IoNvil 9 ,t sliglit modification iii whieli tl)(' I)ivot hol(l(,.i@ 30 is forD-10d of a siii@) @le, I)i(ce of metal ivitli a pivot-i-eceiving chaiiiiel 120 an,!Lriiltii, side -Nv,,tlls 31 I)allallel witb the loiio-lttidinal axis of the pivot lioldei@ aild @l si(l(' wall 32 which is tapered or ilielii-ied to s,,Il(l txis. The 1-iolcler 30 is ciit loiigittidin,,Alli, )t33 to forni expaiisible f itS t ( 125 sl)i-in!,y jaivs o A,- sicles. 35 is a pivot bir ,]!,,iped to rit tlle chai-iiiel. of the holdei, 30, the -knife e(l. e betii-iiio- '05a of this b,,ir I)eiiipi-eseiited. iii the 9 iertical plane of the cut 33 ex])osed It opposite ends by th@ c t--- LNvay porti ns (1' 130 11 0

@'ie lioldp as iii t,lie preferred@foriii abon-o @,j i, oo0@ - clescribed. li-Nvill@be@undei@st6o.d th,,i@ti iii this forili of@ holdeiaiid pi-@,ot bir, the bottoiii ivall of the pivot bar is tapei@ed to coi-resl)oiict witli the tapei-ed stirface 32@of the liolder. In, Fig-tit-e 1-1, I halte shoivii a fi-irtlier ii,iodificatioli, in ivhich the holder 40, iiiade of a, siiio-le piece of iiietal, lias a chaiinel@oisoc@]@:et 4T,, the ei-oss sectibii@of -which i@ pai-t10 ly eircul,,ir @Liid I)-,irtly aiio-til@ti-, aiid the ol)posite eiids of the s6cl@et beiiig of diffc-reiit dial'i'letei.s so that the surface %valls ttpei, ot, incline to@ the, longitudiiial axi-,. Ili this form of the device, the pivot bat- 45 is sliapc-d 15 to accurately fit tl,ie chiiiiiel of the liol(l(,i40 ivith its ;urfaces, t@iperiiig fi,oin one'eiid ,to the other aiicl liaa,ing its eclge beai,ing 45a pi-eseiited iii a plllllle parallel witl-i itC@ loiigitudiiial axis@ iii this 20 foi-m, the liolde,r 40 has a loligitiidina,l ei-tt 42 to present the tivo sides.- of the lioldell as expai-isiblc, jlltivs Nvlilch ii-e forced otit,Nyardly into eilgageiiieiat with tlie hole in the sca]G@ lever -Nvhen the pii,ot is driien ilito-pl@icc@. 25 Figtii-es 8 and 9 slio-Nil a foriit of@ pivot, bar 10 shaped exactly lili:e thtt shown iii Fi@-,tires t o 7, tiid @il expalisible liolder fittiiig said piirot. bar but, illacle iii ,i siii(rl,,@ piece of 4 iiietal. '30 In @Fio r @ii es 12 to 17 iiielusive,.l have slio-\Yji a f utrtfier sliglit iiiodification ol' tlic, ii-it pi-oi,ed renioi,able pivot- liettrilio-. foi, sc,,tle Illvers, iii which tlie pivots tre, nlotiii@tec[ ill doti-ble webbe.d poi-cions of leners ivith, tlic' l@l. IY,,ills :@5 ends inclosed iii' the support' nd their bearino:s expos.ed l@etweeii tlie;i.- and lPi s'il SLII:)Port-ed eiicls Fio--Lires 12 0 s s e ,)art of (@.@le. lev i-s of t@I'le typ,e oenerall,),- i-efei-red to as "pipe. lever -seiles, l@), 40 shonvs aii eiid of oiie of such ]eN@ in which the casting 50 lias two NiTelis 51, tliroii h whicli tre bored the 71- 9 iiad@ical openiii(,s 52 to r.eceiNTe the PI'@'Ot lioldei,s 53 stippo@ting pivot bars 54-. Tn 45 Figtire 13, I@ b.,@ve @]@oi@,ii a sectioi-i of 1,111otbeiportion of slich a sc,,ile levei-,,iii Ailiiell the .%vebs 60, joine,d@ by the r.eiiifoi-eii-i(- ]lltegi-al I)oss 61, hai,e 'bor,ed tlii-ouo-li tli(,,@ir re,.inforced portioiis a hole 62, ii-i \Vliich is .50 st,,,,ttecl the, expaiisible pivot liol I clel- 63,- cai-i,vt I i@(, 1),,ir 64. In (,,,tch of tli.ese ],Iliis c, ations ii-i Fio-iii-es 12' ind l@'). ttle kilif e.do-e beai@ino-s ()7t' tl-ie PiAot bars,are e-,\posed beiweeii t-l-i@'iveb I?ortioiis 50). or tiid iii 55 Figi-ire ll-), sucl@l. I)ii,ot. bai-s ai-e, shoaviisei@ted botli ll'p,@,a,i-dli, aii(I doii7iiwai-(IIIT si-lo,@@iiio- that it is siiii@le to place, the pi,-'Ot bearjilgs ii-i ai-iy desired 1)ositioii in @,in-,, i@oi-i)i c e "'The f6rm'- of@'liold Qf s @l leier. er ind 1)i@,ot 60 b,@Lr ill-Listrated li'l 14'ip-Lii-es I'-),aiad I'@ i's - ol.-O el,early sl-to",n th il'i -@ @,cletail@ Figiii@es, 14, aii(I 16. This pivot bar aii@cl hol,d@@ of "'Fi o-tij-es 14 aiid 1:,5, is of tl-ie same colistriietioii t@that illiistrate@l iii. the inodified@ foi-m of Fi'(@ui,e 1:0 above described, 'W'itl-i 'the, exceptioii@ 1-bat l@)527@025 a poi-tion of the liolder 53 is@ cut a-Nvay- to expos e) tlie, knif(,, edge beal-iiig betweeii@ the (Ajicls oT the liolclers, as@ ilidl'cated at: 5,5.. I-,i Fi(,tii-es 16 Liid li-, I li,,tve - sho-,NvTi@ @,i -,v)'iot 'k),i I 1, alid liol(ler witli a centrally, dis.- 70 Pcsed @ bearing ()f the saiiie geiieral type as j@ist desci,lbed, in ivhioli the cliandel.of the lioldei70 aiid the slial)e, of the pia,-ot bLr 7@l are@s tibstantlaII3, the siiiie as shoivn iii Figtti-es.6 85 and 9 of tlle diitnyings. 75 T he iiiside stirf@ices of tlie, liol(ler ai-e tlic, s.Liiie tipei- and @iiigles as the otitside stiifaces o-l' the I)ivot @ind coiiie iii coi-itact oaer tlic- Ay-liole@sLti'face. One acliraiitage of liavilig @tlie@pivot liol(lel- in two pieces is"that so it can I)e aiid@ecoiioliii,@,ally machii ied the cliliiiiel siii-fitees iiliieh coliie in contact AA-i.tli the pIA-ot. This is necessary b(,cause, tinless these coiitigtious stirfaces. iiiacliii-ies, the I)iN7ot iii@ty not bettr the en- @8@5 tire lingtli of its siipport, lvliieli ivoill(I restilt in zi deflectioi-i, ii-hich@wolild iiiil-)aii- the aectii-acy of, the lever ind iyiiglit result iii bre@ikt(,@e of the pli,ot. Furtheriiiol-e, the f,, ' tet that the insicle suli@f@ices ,ti,e macliiiaccl 9.0 o,-iA-es a bettei- fi-ictioiial contact to liold.tlie pivot in place 'Ailien it is drii@en lioliie, for the reisoii tli,,It thc@ slilootliel- the siirfacc4, tile (@L'e.,i'L-er Clie co-citicient of friction. Pi@@-ot bc@ai.-iiigs coi-isti-ticted@ 'i accordanee @95 this IIA7elitioii ai,e reiiioi,@i;ble, ,tdjiistible@-,tiid@liitei-(,-Iiaj)geable. The consti-tictioli ari(l: i-ii(,tliocl o-f ti-e iyiipol-ttnt f-rolli St.,InClp('Ilt ill lTi(,' a; iii )y of tlle (I -s cin be l@00 (,t tlitt ttie I)ii,ots aiid liol ei iii qtialitity iii relidiiiess ]'(11 -i(iii(, iii the s(@,ale IeN-ei-s. 'Flic iiiotti "'A-elliellco l'oi- Lcctti-.atel@,- - adjtistli-ig tlle colilotiliting tllct tl-ie Al_it;ll _@llie, li 1.)@,,i,,ts iiia@- 't)e i,eiioi,ed foi- re- @05 1),I,11' 11'0 Of great iiial)ortiiiec@. Tlte pin,ot liol(lei-s ai'e pi'(,fei-@Lbl-v inade of soillesilit@ible, non-cori-osi-,-e iiac@,tal to facilitate i-c@iiiovtl a@ftei- @loii(,- tis@ige aiid (,,xpos,Lli-e blit t@lie illa@eitloii is, o-f, cot,i@,.@e liot to 110 I its tise Av;tli a,-iy pai-tictilar iiiite-i-iii. -i"0111:112 of kiiife edge @beariiig is ii-iiI)oi-@t@int -iloineai-l,)r all cl@isses of seaje -wlii(-,Ii tl@,o consti,tictioia iie,-essit,,,itos the ai,i@angeiiiel@it of ltliife, (',(Ige beat-- l@15 @lll(,Ys Ayit@tt to the levei@s ea(@li It is pti@tictilai-1,@, iiiipol-tajit, lioiten,cr, i,ii@ @tlie@ coiisti@iietioii oL' ho,,,A@y s(,ales. stich as tised foi- i@-,,,ilwaA, )voi,kl iii that it a,ffoi,ds (!oiivenleii-t i-,ieajis for@ accurtiitelir J@-10 1',10tiiiting the se@ile, pl@-,ots aiid foi- acljtistin(tlieii, i-el,,ttion aii(I i@el.)a@.ii@,ing pa@i,ts in case of- acciclent oi- -1-iieli. lieavy scales I)eiiig iiioi,e or less p(@i,iiiinentl,),, installed iii tiiicler(-,I@01-111(l A,-"tults, Avitli a IYLttforiii cov- 125 e i r'jigl Aylilch it litis@lieretoT-ol-e;beeii iiecessai!,@, to i@eiiiove for the p@ii.-.I)ose od' takino-. tl-ie scale leiei-s o@tL of the i,-,Ittlt aiidsendiiii.(, t-hem to @n a rei)a ii, shop for the ptii,pose of iilotinting i-ie)v l@ill'l'e edge pivot beariiigs.

1,527,025 It lias beeii foilincl th,,tt when the improvecl pivot is clriveii til) to a pi@actical degree of tightness in the sc,,tle lever., the knife eclge of the pivot is held in fixect rel@Ltioii to the .5 lever, but that it is possil)le, by drivin--- up the pivot a bit tighter, to sliglitly raise the kiiife eclge iii the pii-ot holdei@. It lils been fouiicl b37 experiluerit inith the preferred fol-in of pii,ot as illusti-ated iii Fio-ures 6 6 10 and 7 of the dra-wings that fi,olili the poiiit of beo-innin@)- to di-iA-(, in the pivot in tlie liolder to the I)oin'u wliere the pivot -",as considered ts "driven lioiiie", the knife edge of the pii7ot Nvas actually raised .009". This 15 slight cliaii(,e i,,i elevatioi-i of the knife edge betweeii extremes iii the driven-in conditioii of the pi-v,ot pei-iiaits some latitude of practical iiiiportance in deteriiiiiiing the final adjustiiieiit of the pivot in the scale lever. It 20 will of cotii@se, be -Linclerstood that, in designing a scale levei-, tl-ie position of the holes in the lei,er s]-ioiild be arrano_-ed witl-i regard to the stated iariati6iis so that the knife edges caii be pl,,teed withiii practical 2r) limits of-where they ai-e wanted. I