Letters Patent is: . 1. In in aei-oplane, in coiiibination, ,t fuselage having a traction propeller at one eiid tliereof, 9, sustaiiiing plane extending laterally froiii said fuselage, a second stistaining plane spaced vertically from said first plane, a lift ing propellei- sp@Leed vertically froin one of said planes, means for adjusting sti@l liftiiig propeller to a position lateriilly disposed froni oiie of said planes, and illeans on one of said planes for @varying tlie@ r taiiee to.upwtrd or downward iiiove2. ]In combination with an aeroplane of ing planes, a fuselage, a flight propeller at one end of said fuselage, a lifting propeller adjace t ove lateral edge of one of said planes, iiieatis for adjustiiio, the directioii of effort of one of said pro;ellers, means for 7o tid propeller in adjusted positioii, locking s, aiid ineans on one of said planes to vary tlle resistance to upward or downward niovemp-nt 3. in coinbination witli aii aeroplane of 115 the biplane type, stistaiiiing planes f6r said aeroplane, a flight pi@opellei-. a lifting propeller, one of said propellers being adjustable so as to e,xert forward, backwar4 or vertical eff6rt upon said aeroplane, and so nieans iiiounted on one of the planes of said aeroplane to vary the resistance to upward or downward i-novement. 4. In an aeroplane, in combillation, a wing havin- a rioid frame including a longitudi- 8,-) nally d -ispo@ed 1-iollow frame member, a plurality of movable siistaining panels iiiounted iii , gaid frame and having operating extensiojis extendiiig into said liollow iiieiiiber, opei-,ttino- coiiiil,.ctions for said panels iiiotint- ot ed witliin said liollow franie iiieiiiber, tiid ol)ei--,Ltiiig iiiecli,,tnisin operable froiii the pilot,'s cockl)it for tilting said panels. t). In aii aeroplane, in coinbination, a wiiig li-,tving a i-i(rid fr-,tine including a longittidiriilly disposed liollow fraiiie iiieiiiber, aplui-ality of movable sustaining panels niotinted iii said franie aiid having operating exteiisions extending into said hollow iiieinber, pinions cal-i@ied by said operating extensions lot aiid disposed in said hollow franie ineiliber, a i,@ck carried in s,,tid hollow f raiiie meiiiber, an(I operating iiiecli,,inisiii operable froiii the pilot's co(@,kpit to control said r,,tek wlierebv to operate said sustaining panels. I oi5 6. In aii aeroplane, in coiyibiiiation, a e ' la(gre, liai-ing t tractoi, pi-opeller iiio-,tnted t eon, a sustttining wing extendinu on op0 ite sides of said fusetage, itiovable sust@iisning paiiels niounted on said plane a II( propeller niounted near the forward edge of said plane and adapted.to rotate in a pl.ane substantiaII3, parallel to that of said wing, iiieins adapted to ii-iove one or niore of said p,,tnels and tlierebv reduce or increase tlie, effective -Aistaining area of said wing, -,tnd iiieajis adapted to swing s-.Iid I)ropellor into a position stieli that its pl@ne of rotation is substantially normal to that of said wing. 7. In an aeroplane, in conibination, a ftiselttge liaving a tractor propeller iiiounted tliereon, a stistainiiio, plane extendiiig on oppdsite sides of said ftisela-e, iliovable sustaining paiiels ii-iounted on Z5 said plane, pi-opellers itiounted near the fornvard edge of said plane and on opposite sides of said ftiselage and adapted to rotate in a plane substantially parallel to that of said susf,3 tliebip lanetypehavingsuperposedsu taintainiiigplane,saidlastmentionedpropellers

1,498,412 king ad apted to swini so as to rotate in a plaiie spaced above said sustaining plane or to rotate in a plane at an angle to said Sustaining plane in a position laterary dis.-! s to rotate said gears, a drivthe same, includii2g swinging gear boxes and a properer shaft mounted tijlerein to swing with the same. 10 In testiinony whereof 11 affix iyiy signature, in the presence of two witnesses. HOWARD AUSTIN WMTESIDE. Witnesses: CMM W. WFEKS, 3URY CASMN.

Patented June 17,.1924. lt49gt4l2 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICES HOWARD AUSTIN WHITESIDF, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. HF,LICO-PLANE. Application filed February 18, 1920, Serial No. 359,553. Renewed April 30, 1924. To all -zvhom itntay concerti: Be it kiiown that 1, HO-.VAiti) A. IV.HITFSIDE, a citizen of the Tliiited States, residing at New Yorli, in tlle cotinty of New York and State of New Yoi-k-, have invented certain iie-Av ,ind iiseful Inipi-ox-eiiients iii HelieoI'l.ines, of wliieli the followiiiis a full, clear, .iiid exact clesei-iption, sucli , -.is will enable otliers skilled in tli6 ai-t. to wliieli it apper10 tiiiis to iiial@eind iise the siiiie. I'Iiis iiiir'eiitioii i-elittes to -.tir@hips of tlte lie.,Ivi(.r tli-.in -.iir eliss, iiid with respect to sotiie of its iiioi-e -,pecific d(,tails to flitt tn-pe kiiowii as lielicoptei@s aiid tpi-oplaiieg. 15 ()ne obl(@et of this invention is to provide .111 It I el-ol)itiie -%%-itli iiiipiox-t@d ikie-.tns for dii-ectly liftiiig i! upwardlv ijito tlicair witliotit tiii! r6liminary riiii along the (ri-otind. . p Aiiotlier object is to provide qii ieroplane 20 witli aii iiiipi-oved iiieajis for sust-.tiiiiii(,- it in .stibst.intia]IN- statioiiary positioii ill the air. Anotlier ()bject is to 1-)rovide tii iiiiproved nie,ins foi, diject]N- liftiii(Ily -iii aeroplaiie iii fli-lit. iiito the air, foi- stisttining it i-n posi25 tioti iii tli(@ tir oi- for effecting substantially vet-ti(--.tl d(@seciit witliout any direct action of stist,ti iiiii(r,tir cui,re iits on tlle wings. Anotlier object is to pr,ovide an aeroplane witli iiieins of iiiiproved -constructioii for 30 liftiii(,@ the -.tei,oplane or stistaining it in flio,,ht or for'propelling it forwardly or rearwardly tlirougli the air. Aiiother objeet is to provide an aeroplane witli iinproved propelliiig means in which the 35 dii-ectioti of the propelling effort is readily a@l.iiistable. Aitotlier object is to provide a wing for -,iii IIPI'(@plai)e witli iinpi-oved me,,ins wli er@by little i-esistaii(.-e is offered to upward or 40 dowtiward iiit)veiiient tliroiigli the air -,tnd wliicli iiiay be ,tdliisted o as to form aii eflicient sustaiiiiiig . siirfice for in aeroplaiie ill flio@lit. Otlier ol)jpcts of the iiiveiition will be in 45 p,,irt obviotis and in pai-t poiiited out hei-einaftei- iii coiiiie(- tioii wifli the followiiig det,iiled descriptioii. The inveiition accoi-diiiglv consists iii tlie features of construetioii, coitibination-, of eleset forth, and the scope of the application of ,vliieh will be indicated in the following claims. Iii the accompanying drawing wherein sev55 eral illustrative embodiments of invention are shownFigiii-e 1 is a side elevation of a biplaiie with the invention applied theret-o; . Fig. 2 is a fi-ont elevation of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the iiieaiis for traiismittiiig power from the iiiotor to the lifting propellers - Fig. 4 is t top pltfi vie ' w o - f a portion. olf a Wing sliowiiig the tiltable panels aiid means 65 for,oper ating the saiiie, certa@in parts being shown in section to more clearly show the inveiitio n.1- Fig@ 5 is a front olevation of Fig. 4, parts beiiig broken away to show the operating 70 iiieehini siii for tilting the wing panels; Fi,&. 6 is a detailed sedtiofial enlarged view of a portion of the operating mechanisni fot the wing pane@s; Fig. 7 is a view of a hand-operating lever 75 foioperating the wing paiiels; Figs. 8 and 9 are sectional views sho 9 w"q portioiis of the mechaiiism for chan-aing the aii(rular position 6f the lifting propeners; Pig. 10 is a front el@evation showing a 80 n-iodification of the power connections ; Fig. 11 is.a detailed fragmentary view of the gear connections used in the m6aification of Fia. 10; and Fii 12 is a perspecti-Ve view of a tandem s5 biplane with thi@ invention applied thereto. Referring now to the drawings for a detailed description of the ifive-ntion, an aeroplane of the biplaiie type is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. As shown, this biplane bas upper go and lower wings or planes 1 and 2, a fliselage 3 havin- a cockpit or pilot's compai@tinent 4, a tracto@ fliglit propeller 5, a chassis or landing gear 6 and steering riidders 7 tnd S. All these parts may be of any standard or ap- 95 proved construction tbou@h in the present embodiii-ient a special typp of wings is employed. In order to enable the aeroplane to rise 'from the gr oniid without a prelir@inary run ioo 6o nieiits and arraiicreinents of pai-ts which will along t e surface tbereof, and to enable it be exeiiiplified in the coiistruction bereinafter to remain in substantially stationary posi-

vertically without a downwird gliding move-' meiit, direct lifting pi-op(,@llei-s or sci-ews are provided. In the embodiment illtistrated, two of these pi-opellei-s 9 and 10 are eiiiployed, being driven.throucrh stiitable power transinitting connections froin the driving motor. As shown in Fig. 2, these lifting propellers are mounted adjacent to the op10 posite ends of the tipper wing at the enteri-iig edge thereof on sliort sliafts 11 and 12 respectively. As the niouiitiiigs foithe -shafts 11 an4 12 are siinilar in consti@tiction dnly one need be desci-ibe.(l in dettil. As 15 shown in Fi-. 31 tlie, sliaft 12 is iiiounted in suitable beari.Dgs iii ,t gear casin(, or box 13 and carrie a bevel gear 14 rigidly sectired thereto, iheshing -vvith t sii-nilar bevel gear 15 rigidly seciired to a sliift 16 extending @o adjacent the forward edge of the upper wing. The shaft 16 is preferably iiiade liollow in order to secure the least weight consistent witli the -i,eqtiired strengtli. Gear housing 13 is stiitibly rigidly se(-tire(I to a hollow tiibe 17 wliieli enci-,(@s tli(@ (Iriving 'sbaft 16, said tube beiiig i-otatible oil said shaft and connected to t sij)illai- ttibe 17 by a transmitting coiiiiectioii 18 sliown iii detail at t]-ie left side of Fig. 3. 'I'Iiis coil,,O nection coniprises a liul) 19 ' sectii-ed i@igidly at the end of the ttibe 17 aiid liiviiig an arm 20 projecting radially tliei(@fi-oiii iiid connected at its oiiter end by'a 'ilod 21 to the outer end of a siinilar craiil@ ai@in 20' 35 whieb is coiinected iii siinilat- iii,,iiiiicr to the tube 17'. It will I)e,- ol)vioiis fi-oiii Fi(,s. 2 and 3 t]-iat the tube 17' is coiiiiected at it-, outer end to the . r 13', the -ear geai, (,,asing 4( casings 13 and 13' tlitts beiiig (7oiinected throtigli the tubtilat- casiiig 17 and 17' to rotate in unisoii. The sliaft, 16 and ttibtilar casiiigs 17 aiid 17' are cii-i-ied bi, siiitable bearings 22' aiid 23' carried by the forward truss of the aeroplane. 45 Intermediate the ends of sbaft 16 is a geair casing or box'24 suitably supported by bearings 25 and 26 wbieli are -rot@itably mounted iii the hubs 19' aiid 19. This casing houses a bevel geai- 27 rigidly iiiounted on the shaft 16 tiiid inesliing witli a second bevel ge,,tr 28 which is i@igid] ' y moiinted oti a hollow shaft 29; the latter being suitably connected to the driviiig motor of the teroplalae. Disposed on one of the tubular sect.ions, as 17', is -a hotising 30 eiielosing a seo,mental -ear 31 rioidly inotinted on st@d@ section @@nd meshii@-g with a worni 32 carried by a vertically disposed :sliaft 33 mounted in suitable bearings and cai-rying a hand-operated m6ans 34 at its lower end. For the pur ose of furnishing a stroiig .p and rigid structure for the@ sul)port of the lifting propellers and the driviiig meeba65 nism therefor a triiss fraine is provided' as tion in mid-air, or to descend substantially shown in Fig. 2. This truss fran-le lias upper aiid lower chords 35 an(I i36 i-e,,peetively, and struts 37 exteiiding tlierebetweeii. 'rie rods or wires 38 secured to tlle upper and lower cliords jyity also be pi-o- lo vided to more rigidly sectire the p:trts iii operative alignment. Men the plaiie is itioviiiiipnvii-dly or downwardlv under tli(,, iiifli.i.eiieeof the lifting propellers it' is desit-- .Iblc tll-,It the ail, 75 resistance to such movenient off(@i-(@(i I)y tli(, wings, or other parts, be rediieed to :1 iiiiiiimiiiii. For accomplisliiii(F this pit]-I)ose 'I win(, construction is I)iovi(led wliieli is pirticufirly sliown in the dettiled vion,@s of so Figs. 4, 5, and 6. As sliown in Fig. 4, the wing surface, or a large portioii tli(@i-cof, is made up of, movable sectioiis 40 tn(i 40' mounted in openings in the wiii-. riies(@ sections are mounted on pintles or still) 85 shafts 41, 42 which are disposed at olie side of the loiigitudinal center line of (@,teli see,- tion, the sections 40 being inoiiiite,(l at ozie side of the center of lengtli of the wiii,-, aii(I sections 40' at the otlier side tliei,eof. As go Fig. 4 shows I central 1)oi-tion of t wing, the cqjater of length beiiig iildicated at P, it will be noted that the tiltiiig -,C(-,tiolis of? opposite sides of said center of leii-th ai-e reversely motiiited on their i-esi)ective sttil)- 95 shafts so that -all th6 p,.iiiels ai-e ovei-bilanced on their edges i(@iiiote from the center of length. Stub shafts 42 exteiid tliioti-li :in(] ire supported in the wall[s of a il"Oiigitudinal lo( frame member 43, whiell may be ilie frolit spar of the wing, passing throtigli the iiiterior of the frame member -%Vliei-e siiitql)](, means are pro@ided for opei-,ttin(, tliv, seetion's. As sho-%vii this opei-at,iii(r iii(,,in,., jyi,,iv l@05 compi-ise longitudinal movtble 1),qil'.9 44, 45, disposed iii said liollow fi-aiiie - iiieiiiber and haviiig toothed sectioiis 46 eiicri(ring piiiions 47 rigidly nioiinted oii t.lie sbafts @49,. At their ad'acent ends, tile rack I)al,s 110 44 and 4.5 are coiinected by Iiiiks 48 to tli(@ opposite ejids of ,t double ei,.,tiilc ariii 4!) carriecl by aii operatiiig slitft, r)O. The slilift 50 is suitably iiiotiiited tnd iiiiy I)e iiialltially- operated by a. levei- r)l wliieb is II% adapted to be locked in ad.itisted I)ositioii by the engageinent of a, pawl wit.ii tlie, toothed sector 52 as slio-vvii iii Fig. 7, of the drawing. The sections 40 and 40' are provided it 12n their edges remote from-the center of lengtli of the wiiig witlif stiitable stops r)P, wliieli enlyaze the margiiis of the ape'rttii-eq to liold th@@ecti6ns firmly in the plillie of tlle Will(' nflu e' ii under the i nee of tlie-@lift ig foi-c(,, of i2@-) the air impinging on the lower siirftee thereof. The ope - ra.t,ion of tlie. al)par,,itiis tliiis far desei-ibed is as follows: Wlien it i-, desii-ed to rise fr 2n om the eartli for fli(yht into the l@-(

1)498,412 air,, the hand lever 51 is adjusted to operate the rack bars 44 and 45 t(> move the wing sectiqns 40 and 40' into substantially vei-tical positions, so that the edges thereof cari-ying tiie stops 53 niove downwardly as sho%vn by the dotted lines iii Fil-. 5. The shaft 33 is then operated by any suitable rpanual or poiver means to adjust the lifting propellers 9 and 10 into liorizontal position lo,as sliown iii Fi-. 2. When the liftiiig propellers are'nioved into this position it will be noted that the worrn and gear construetion particularly slioivn in Fig. 8 aets to positii-ely locl@ 'tlie propellers in adjusted 15 position. The poiver for adjusting the prbpellers i@ traiismitted through the hollow casina 17' t6 uear box 13' and through,holloiv casin- 17', connections 20'@, 21 and 20, and hollow casing li to -ear box 13, so that 20 the liftin@,, i)ropellers at both sides operate to adjiisted'position in iinison. The liftidg propellers inty tlieii be started to exert liftin(y foi,ce on tlie-aei,oplaiie, and tlie, propp-Iletspeed is inei,eased iintil sitflicient force, is 25 exei,ted to lift tlie, plane from the -i-otind. The iiiain pi@opeller 5 iiia,@y be started up as (lesired to l@i-ol)el the inacliine in a liorizontal dii-ection wlion the desired altitiide liag been i@eaclied, aiid the wing sections 40 and 40' 30 1-nay filso be, i-estol,ed to noi-inal positions. J3otli the liftino, and the drivin,@, p'ropellers t, el ai-c (Irive@n from the n-iotor tlirougli stiitable (,Itit(-Ii iiiecliaiiisiiis wli;cli inay be released or ,;et at Nvill. ]It will also be obvious that the 35 liftiiig prol)ellers may be operated if desii,ed ivitliotit tilting ilie ivin(y- sections, but iii this case, the air i-esistance Avill' be relatively great. The lift'in(, I)i,opellei-s may tlieii I)e inoved to vertical positioii, as sliowi), in 46 clotted Iiiies in Fi(,. 1, so as to assist the ma,iii fliglit propeller in driviiig the aeroplane. tlirotigii the ar. If desired the main P]7opellei@ niay be omitted entrely and the liftin(, I)ropelleititilized for performing the 45 functions tliereof. It is also obvioiis that tlie, propellers 9 and 10 may be adjusted to any positioii intei@mediate the borizontal and vertical positions.sho-wii iii Fig. 1- so that the effort, nia@, be titilized botli to. lift the acror)O plane into the air and to prol)el it laterally tlieretliroii-h-.tliey may tilso be adjusted so as to (-xert I)aclcw.@@d effort, so that rearward moverneiit of the plane may be effected. Inasmuch as tlie, filtal)le wiii- sections are 55 M6unted off ceni[er, the foree of the air ciirTents impinging the iinder si(l(@ 6f the win(y in normal conditions of fli(,-Iit tends to hold each section firmly in it.s seat, the stops 53 lioldina it from nioving beyond the plane of 60 tli.e wi@g. It will be, furtl@er noted that the sections 40 ,tnd 40' ai-e reversely moiinted at opposite, sides of the center of len(,tli of the wing, and that they are i-otated in opposite directions wben tilted from normal positioii 65 so that the balance of the plane is niaintained-at all times@ It will be clear that the lifting prol)ollers may b@ employed to lower the machine from tl@e air by driviiig tlieiii just, below the speed i-e(Iiiired to sustaip the iiiacliine in the air, wlieretipon it will (le- 7o scend slowly by gi,avit3r, or the same piopellers may be einployed to sustaiii the IDachine in substantially stationai-v position in the air by driving thein at the @rol)er spee(-l to siippl cc s s a 6 75 -Y itist enougli foi- to u t in tli we i,-ht ol the macliiiie -%vitlioiit aiiy resulting up ward or downward iilon-emejit. For this pu rpose the Iiiie of resultant effort of the I.ift ing propellers shotild pass tliroligh the ce nter of gravity of the aei-oplane. 80 In the modification sliown in Fi(,,S. 10 an d 11 the two liftin- pi-opellers 9a and loa are driven respectively throu.(,Ii inclined sha fts 16a and 16b extendin- fi-oii-i the main dri ving motor to the respecti,,-e (year boxes 8s or casings 13a and l@@' tliroticyli stii@tible gear co nnections in wliicli the I)rol)eller sliafts Ila an d 12a are driven. In this c -on,,ti-tiction the re is a pi-ojeeting box 60 oii the side of ea cli gear box, the III-pose Of wIli(@,li is to !@l l liot ise tivo intei,iiiesviing geai-s 61 and 62 i@i gidly iiiouiited i-espectively on iiicliiied slia fts 16" (oi- 16") aiid a slioi-t sliaft 6ii, wh icli is inotinted in siiitable I)earin-s in tlle geai- t)ox. Tlie6e sliort sliafts cari-y U5 be vel -eai-s Ir)@ iiiesliing Nvitli I)evel (,,ears 14a rio -idly' iiioiiiite(.1 on the pi-ol)eller sliafts. Th is eonstructioii 1-.)i-ovides ineans foitllowing the gear boxes 13;1 aii(i li'i" to rotate witli the propellet-s in i-ertical plaiies witlioiit. any i(Io bin ding of tl-ie di,ivin(T (-eai,s. As,sliowii iii Fig. 10, gear I)oxes 13a aild 13b Witli tlle lifti -ol)ellel,,-, -i-ied tlieren g I)i @ai by are rotated in vertical 1)1,tiles by niean8 similar to that slionvii in Fi(,-s. I aiid 2. i o,5 This n-ieans inellides a sliaft 33;1 in driving relationship with a (,rear in.tlie liousing 304. Thesecoiiiiections beiiig siiyiilar to those showii in Fig. 8 iieed not be described in det ail here. An operating bar 64 is con- iio ne cted at opposite ends to wear boxes 13a an d 13 b, and interniediate tl@e ends tliereof it is connected to the gear mechanism which is operated by meails of sllaft 33a. It will tliii s be seen that the I)ar 64 is iiiovable ii5 bo dily pai-ttllel to its loiigituditial axis to rot a-te the gear boxes aii(I tlie, lifting propel lers. As sliown in Fig. 10, a siiital)le triiss fraine inqy be fiirnislied foi- siil)poi-ting the power i-o tra nsmitting,, gear for the pi,opellers. Tllis ma y coiiiprise an iipper sti-es.9 iiiember 6.1 aii d lower stress ii-ienibei,s wllieli inay be in the form of tubiilar casin(ys siirroiini(lillfr slia fts IC)a and 16b, or the sli'tfts inay tliem- 125 sel ves be employe(] as lower sti-ess illenibers. Str uts 66 exten(I I)etween the iipl)er ail(] lo wer stress membei,s to i.-igidly bra(-e the fra me. I n the modification of l@ig. 12 tandem i 3o

wing,s 70 and 71 a.ie arranged on a common fuselage 3 b , each wing being constructed as described in connection witli Fi-s. 4 5, and 6 above, and tlie.movable sections thereof 1) being coiiti-olled fi,oin the pilot's cockpit 4b by any suita,ble operatin .g n-iechinism. Aecordin- to this modification lifting prorpellers 71 'i3 are inourited adjacent the'forNvard wing and similar propellers 74 and lo 75 are iiiounted adjacent the rear wing. The propellers adjacent eacli wing are adapted to be rotated simultaneously in vertical la,nes by an operating geai- similar to that Nes0ribed above. Tiiese propellers may 15 therefore act to lift the aeroplane or to propel it horizontally in fliglit as particularly described -above in connection with the modification shown in Figs. 1 to 6. For the purpose of securii@o,, stability in 20 all the modifications of.the invention, the adjacent lifting pro pellei@s ai,e connected to rotate iii opposite directions. This is indicate(I by the al-i@ows in Fig. 12 wliieh sliow that the adjacent pi-ol)ellers botli littei-ally 25 and fore aiid tft rotate in opposite direetiolls. The operation of t.lip- iiiodifictt,ion -,Iiown in Figs. 10 tnd 12 is siiiiilar to tli,.tt of I"igs. I to 6 wliieli has been p@ti-ticultil-@y desci-ibed 30 -.tbove. This operatioii will tliel-efoi,e, be clear to those skilled in the art, ti,nd ii(@ed not b,e described in detail. I As ii-iany clianges could be iii,.ide in tlie' above construction and iiiany apparently widely differeiit eiiibodinielits of this iiivention could be inade witliout depirting froiii the scope tliereof, it is intended t.liat -,ill m,,ttter contained in the above description or sbown in the accoiiipaiiyiiig dranvings shtll 4o be iiitei-pi-eted is ilitisti-ative -,tiid not iii aIiiiiiting sense. It is ttlso to be understood that the Itnguage used in tlie. following eltinis is intended to eover all of the generic and spe45 cific features of the invention herein described, and all statemetits of the scope of the invention ivhicb, as a iiiatter of language, might be said to fall therebetween. Having described ii-)y inn,eiition, what I @,o claiiii tis new and desire to secure by