iiori-na,lly stationary jaw froiii the el-@ushin@ rol-I throiigh thq m6diii@m 'of th6 r@ @ck@ and@ pinions after the dok has be'e'n lifted out 6f eiig@t(,@ei-ileiit ivitli the-t6@eth 6i tli-@ coiiibliied hand and ratcliet lvhO@61. The @rovision of'a rap'idly r@6tatiiig ei-dqhin(y i-oll of siii,,ill di,,t@niete.i, pei-inits of its Cli@@ra@tion by direct e6nnect@ion witli a fiio@tor o@r line shaft witliout the: speed-chanuin 1. @@ t, 9 10 gearing nee@esse@ry in 6@ushiiio, machihes in Nvhich the crushin- roll is 60rhpartitiVeiv of lai-ge, dia@meter. H'aving tb . U-E@ d6,ser'ibed niy imprbv@d ertishing nia,chine I desire it niiderstood thdt 1.5 variations in' deiail.s@ o@f consiruction ahcl.thle' of the f@-.t@ts th6re f iiily be i@esorted to @vi'tlilTIL @il@ spi@it 6f invention MY as definpld in fo,lloivin- claiiiis:7 1. A crusliino- m@befiine of I the chara'ctei20 desci@ibed coftipi.-isin- a f-r@ftie, , i r6tary ert,ishin oi-oll ine,,tns,7fol r its@ i@ot,,tfiol-i,' O'cCeTltries moving in cohjunctio'n vvith tl@e roll a noi-m,qll'y stationary ja-,@ 6xt6i-idi-ng iipw'ardly ving an - oper A',v@ith saicl 25, ha @ii've conne'6ti,'On eccentrics, and an oscillatory conn'ecti6'n betiveen tl-ie @uppet, portion o@ f the loose j,iw :@nd the frame. 2. A ci,-Lishing, . n'achine of the character 30 described comprisin- a frame, a rotary crushinly roll eceentges moving in conjunetion th@reivith, a normally stationary jaw extendintipwardly. from the roll, a loose jaiv opposite the oth6r havin,& an operative 35 connection with said eceentriles, and a toggle b6tween the upper portion o-f the loose ja-w and the frame. 3. A crushing m,,tchine of the character desci-ibed comprisilig a, fran-ie, a rotary 60 crushiiig roll, eccentrics moving in conjuneLion tlierewith, a normally stationary jaw extending upwardly from the rcll, a loose jaw opposite the other baving an operative conp,ection with said eccentrics, and an ad65 justable t6ggle betiveen the upper portion of the loose jaw and the frame. 4. A ervishing machine of th@ character described comprising a frame, a rotgry crushing r6ll, eceent-ries movin(y in conji-ine50 tion therewitb, a normally stationary jaw extendin(, Lipwardly fron@ the roll, a loose jaw opposit,e tl-ie, other ap oi)eratiite, coinnection w,itli said eccentrics, a toggle betweeii the upper portion of the loose jaiv 55 and the.frame, and a spring holding the jaw in contact with the toggle. 5. A crushing machine of the character described comprisitig a frame, a rotary cru!shino, roll, eccentrics movin- in coiijune60 tior.i th@re-with, a normally -,tationary jaw extendin- upwardly from -the roll, a loose j a-w. opd@@te the other having an operative conne@eion with sf@id eceent@ries, a too--le between the upper portion of the loose jaw 65 and the frame, a rod pivoted on the jaw, an l@tom tho @oll, a 16'ose jaw opposite the ofhe'r, . 8. In a crushinol- iiiachine, 6f the cliaracter ,tbtiti-iiei@it Plite tiditisttble oii tl'ie rod tiidz a spi-ing b6tNiceii said pl-ite and the frariao' to, liold the ja-vv iii e6ntact w'ith tho tcllllglc-. 6. A ertishilig machinb of the character des@i-ibecl comprisina frime a i-6tary '(0 ei-ttsliino- roll eceentri6s iiioving iii conjlijic-@ tion thereivitli, a normally stationa I ry jaw ext6n ding ul,)ivardiy from the roll jaivi a loose j os'te the t,lier aii , a-Nv opp i 0 oli6i,at ive connoction with s-,tid eccentrics an 75 ,ibiitmeiit, adjiistable oii the frame, a toggle betwe eii the abtitn-ient ahd the upl)er poi-- ti op - of tl-ie 10OS6 j aw, aiid a s . priti(y to h(ilcl tile j'aw in conn , ection ivitli the, toggle. In .1 crushing machine of the cliaracter go e a 1, des6ri b'd, ,t fr me, a i-6tary crilsl-iin(i' rol tiv6 iaws providin(y to(yethor a passage for materi al to tli rol , one of said jaws having qt its Lipp'ei- end a pivotal connection witli the frarae, a racli: coniiectecl at the@' lower 85 portio n of the pivoted jaw, a rotary pinion iiieshino- -",ith the rack, and me,<in.9 for holdip,- the pinion against rotgtion. d s6iibed, e a fr@iii,@ a rotafy ertishi-n roll,, two j'aws providin,u, togethei@- a 1)assa@ge fof materi al t of s ict ja,-ws h,,tA,- o the roll, one 11 ing at its u@l@6r encl a@ @iNTotal conDecti6n @@ ith the fram6, a longittidinall@ iii6@@able rack, a yieldable coiinection betweei-i the 05 rack and the lower portion of the pii,oted jaw, a rotary pinion mi.-shing Nvith the rack, and means for holdin- the pinion against rot,,tti on. 9 ' In a crushing machine of the chara-c1 00 ter described, a, frame, a rotary crushing roll, two jaws providing to-etlier a passa-e 11 for material to the roll, one of said j'aws ha)vin g at its upper end a pivot,,tl connee.- tion with the frame, and provided at its 105 lowe.r end with -Ln aperti-ire-,l I-Lig, a rod passin g through said lug, a nut oji the rocl engagi ng the lug at one side thereof, a spring eng,,tgiiig the lt,,g ,Lt the opposite side, ftn abutment on tlle rod engauing th,6 spring, 110 a rack on the rod, a rotary pinion meshina with the raclc, and means for holding the pini.on aaainst rotation. 1 0. in a crushing machine of the chE-,racter described, a fr,,tme, a rotary erlishing 115 roll two jaws providing togethe,- a passage for material to the roll, one of said jaws having at its -Lipper end a pivotal conneetion with the frame, a rod havinu a longitudinal ' movement on '@-he 16wer p-ortio-n of 120 the pivoted jaw, a spring arranged to yi--Idingly oppqse said movement, a rack on the rod, a rotary pinion meshing with the rack, and means to hold the pinion against ro125 tation. 1 1. In a crusl-titig machine of the el-itrlicter described, -,t frame, a rotary erlishing roll, two jaws providinz together a passage for I material to the rorl, one, of said jaws having at its upper end a pivotal connee- 130

1,4 4,536 tion with the:fraine a rack connected at the of which has a iiig inovement,with 30 r e c i p r o c a t o - tie oi o the lower end of the ivoted j aw, a rotary I bher, tho lower e-tid 'f p pinion, meshina with the, rack, a con-ibined ieci@roca ing aw beino,-.sepai@.at'd fro the e n i har@d and i-atchet -,vheel in coiinectioii ,Yith face of @tl@e oth@, jaw@@ to orm a narrow the pinion and a pawl a6ting upon the throat for the passage,,o,f I coi-am'n 6d i ut , muratchet., -wheel to hold the pinion tgainst terial,, and, the other- r'elatively gt,@ti@@a@V 35 at to rotation. j aiv beiiig @- extended belov@ . @aid @th.@6' A@ crusl-iinu machine of 'Ulie chliracte@ provide ,@.@surf-ace for th6 furth6r diinii, ti 12. u on describod, co-n-i-orisin- i fraiiie A iotai@y of il,,e mat6rial,-@nd a rotary @rushing,@oller crusliing roll, a stationary jaw - ext,e@din@; dispos6d. t6 act upon the mat"cria p4s,@@ng tipwardly from7the roll ad-jacei@t tf-ie @erii)h:- across.s.aid- @urfa@6@. 40 r of, a loose he- otl- 15. A erlish'@ng ma6hiii rac'er 6ry the e j,,tw oi)posite: ici- L@ 6f,i@e Cl@a 6ceentric@ sup'porting tlle loose j'a,iv at its desci@ibed com-DrisinL), a fra'me, a Pair of lower encl and a t-oo@o,le betiveen ti@@ ot)i)osite dpwi@@7ardly c@n @ve crtish i[ie 15 end ot tli@ same an@l tiie frame. O,f whi6li h.as, a reci.,proca@tijag nioveiiieit 13 cr-Lishin,-:. machine of tiic el-i art6ter wifh, relation to the 6ther the lower en'd''of 45 'described , coinprising a, frame a rotar the recipro(@ating -ja-v@ beino- sep@rated from y (@ritshi-n,,- roll a nol-mally st-@tioiiary jt-%v- the fa,ce of ithe othet jaW@:Co f6@ m. a narrow extendiiig upwardly from the roll conti--Lithroat fDr the pas@age 6f comminutect ma20@ ous to.the lower p@6i-tion thereof, anct, a iiio@,- teria,,l 'and the other- r6lativelv st@tionary h@ @ I ing@j,aw,co-operating@ii,i , thestatio-nar j.a@@vjaw b-eiiig. exteiided underne,,ttg said thr6at 50 y fot the din'liniiti,on of material betweeia: Lliem to provide a, surface at an angle. to its ivork0 Om -f and bai,ino- its'l wer elid spaced @fr' the Ing facle -'Lor the -urther, diminution' of the -te saine to roi,ide a pas- d a rot@r@ -6ru@hin@,; ro'll@r -dis-. IoNver. portion of tl material, an 25 ;,- 6 :. @:@ for material fed.bet-ween tlile i aws, t r.@al- passino, across sage o. posed to. act up6n the.raate the (,,rushing roll. said surf@ce. 56 14. -A Prushing inacliine of. the character Ili te@iin@onv.@wlier6of,-. I ha affix6d@-iv Ye @p de!4cribed com-prie;ing a.-fi-ame,. aa r of signature. h' downwardly@ converging crus ing ja@ws,:one DA D J.:NEVILL.

Patented Aug. 14, 1923. U 1\\I@R T ED STATES',PATENT OFFICEI DAVID J. NEVILL, OF DE111VF@,R, COLO--,ADO, A,SSIGIITOR TO THE STEARNS ROGER MANUI?ACTURING COXPA1\TY, A COR-FORATION OF COLORADO. CRUSH@ING NACHINE. Application filed Au st@ 27, 1920. Serial. Noi 406,295. 9.1@ 7'0 it-,?izcty coneetl'b: tiie line 2-2, u@jid at the 6ther side of the 'i3e it kiiowii . that 1, D@tviD @Nt@ -VILL, same along the line 3 3 Fig re 1. u vt siibject of George V Kiiio-.of Eii,(,@land,, Referiilig to tho drawings by numerical 55 1 zn residin(Y ,it Denver, ii@ the coliiity of DeD--,, reference chara6ters 2 designates the frarne '2' ver and Sttte of Coloi-ado,,ha@-,e in@f6hted cert@tin new ancl iiseful I vroveinents in Critshiiig Machines, of whicli th6 follo-wiiil@ is a specification. T'h'IS inITention rela:.t6 to c I i@u I shin6 nia10 chiiies and iiaore par@t-ic-Lilarly to IIL'Iachiii@s of ti,e type in -whicl@. coal and other similar in(ttorials dre rediic6d to i --Linif-6rni siz6 tl@r,otigh Lhe mediiii-ii of a i@ot,,itin er-Lishin<,y roll. 9 It is Lin object of the pr6sent inneiition 15 to simplify the constriietion . and -inereaso the efficien@y of a, rnachille of tl@e typo mentio-ned, by th6 Lis6 of a, - e@Lls1iin- roll of sfi-ialler diameter thdn those usually found in n-i,-Lehines of the s,,tme character, but- ro20 tatilig at slibstantially the sai'lle I)eripheral -si)eed. A further object: of the inventi6h is t- o I)rolride in donj Linctioji, with a r6tary ertishing roll,. tw6 cooperating jaws olle of which 25 hcts a circular reciproca-ting, movement with i-el,ition to the other for the ptirpo@e -of. break'lnu the coal prior to its c6mininution. by the crlishing roll and of@ crowdiny tli6 brol,,eit coal iiito contact wi-th the r . oil where30 by to 'nsure of the machine operatin,u con stantly at its full ea@acity. Anotlier, objeet of. the preseni inventio,n .is to 13-rovide an improved means to yieldingl.), holcl the stationary. jaw in its oper35 ative po@ition and to perrn@it of an 'adjustment thereof ill case it i@ desired to- plac6 tlie, iiiachine ill @n idle positi on when the coal fed thereinto is of a size @not requirinflirther rpdtiction. .40 Avitli the ,ibove and other objects in iiew ,@ill of wliieh -will full . y.appe@r in I @the 6ourse of the follo-wing d6scription, my invention consists in the constriietion arranuemeii't and conibitiatioi-is of I)arts@ shown 'n the ac45 coiiipan o vie of .17ing drawings in the tw Ws wliieh- like pqrts are similarl@y desi@nated and in, -which FigLire I is a section of,the@ machifie taken on a substantially, central, vertical lane p 50 and Fic,riire 2 a coinposite sectional view iaken at one side of the central line thereof, on of the@ cri-ishing m,,Lchine, which comp-rises t_wo parallol side plates 3 iiiteke6niiected by cros,@,--members 4 and 5. A :peripher'ally tootlied ei,ushing r6ll 6 tio is ri@,yidly mou-nted oii a shaft 't Nvhich is, rotatab ly sti ported in joi-iriial be@rin s 8 p 9 at opliosite' sides of the frame. The bearihgs are @lidabf@ siLipp6rted tipoii: flat surfaces exteri brly of the side plates, aiid sere-,Vs 9, 65 exten dino- throuo-h threaded openings of the crossmember 5 of the fr,,tme ,tlid ,tetilig -Lipon the I)e:iring's, are I)rovided to@ adiiast their position for the- proper alil'iement of the roll relttiite to the eleihents of the ma- 70 cliine - with.@ihich it coopei@utes. ' ExteiidiD- upwardly at the f6rward side of the roll with @oferonce to tl directioit of its-rotation, are two jaws 10 anct 12 which cooperate to f-Oed the material 'to the roll 7,I) tn(I to' subject the Sftine to a, primai@y breakihg tctio-ii. The jaw 12 has to.this end a eirel-ilar. reelpi-ocatiiig mbveiiielit - %,vith relatl'oil to the oth,-r j'a-w which wlile no-r-lia,@lly, @tgtibhaty 8o is motinte,d foP adj-ustmed@t t6,@ aii inopera tive posi ion anc, is capa e of y' bl le ing uii der-@--@e6ss p'resslire. @'The st,,ttionary jaw 10 co,nsists of a,, C-Lirve@cl l@late i@eciifor@ed by e:itetiial ribs ia,hich at 9 ri, its iil)Pet @e-nd is 8uspended. frolli beatings 13 on the side plates of thefr-fti-iio by ineans of axiall-@ alined ttuniiions 14. Tho b6ari no,,,. hich 'the truiinions @irb'stipported s ' v are closecl by caps 15 which are temovably go - 0 s conne cte'd t the ide 131a es of th framo by nieans@ of rods 16, extendiii& through alined openiligs iii the plat68 an@ the caps@ and.nuts 17 sete-y@ed iii)on tho threaded ex-' 'cremities th6fe6f. 05 i@, steel -vvear-pltto 1,8 s6t in a recess of " 'e -eu lo-V)T6r liortioi@ ol tho j@fiw Lll - @i 6d tencls in closi3 pro@dmity to tho periphery of the ci@-Lishing roll, and it is l,oiigitiidinally ),ro6ved to adrnit the peripheral teeth of 100 "che roll which are arranged eircumferen'Llially in equidistant rows. The fixed jaw 10 is held in its normal- operative position by means of tw6 r'adks 19 meshing with

1,464,536 pinions 20 on ,t shaft 21 -which is r6@atably s-Lippoi-ted in bearings 22 it opposi'Lle sides of t.1-ie frame of the machi@.ie. The @@ tteks, 19 @ are @rigidly ;-.c - nn@@e-6ted - t6 -0 rods 23'@ivl@i6li loosely throtigh apertul,ed@lti"s 24 formed i@.iteffi-ally oi-i the un@n - cler: sic] e - of-. the lo-,ver po,@tioi-i o@ the j aiv 10., y The ieldiiig_@::connection.bet een the rods aiicl the jaiv is pi@ovided b y iileans of sl)rings 10 2.@'i arr,,tnged around the p - @rtions 6f tl-ie r'o cls' - extep.ding rearwarCL of t.he lugs and be@t-,YCen@ tivo @b-Litmcift plates 26 and'2@. @ The iiin6r abiitin6nt plates 26 are pii7otally coii-, 1)."e@@,ecl -,vith t]16 I-LIGS thi@6tio-h tlio Ine@tilim 'of rotindecl 'rib seited 'in co i-i-espoiidiii(rly forp-ied recesses, -aucl niik-,s '28 s@ro@v@d Lii)on th6 e'ktremities' oL' the'-ro(Is in 6ng,,t@,eii,ieii't L@ i@-ith tli6 othoi-. @abtftmei.@t pl-.ltes 2'( cool)er29 bbai-in(@ i,,pon the for,,v@Lrd qto ivith nulu-S @, t7,. 20 sides of the luo's to holcl the cliffer nt ,ti@ts q p in eir normal positions, -z@: h @iid -ieel a 1 30 a-t an e' cl of th'e plnl()n w af-t fa@cilitates: its rotatioii -wh- n f6r th6 e pui,pose of. sleparatina the jaii, 1.0 frol-n t-lie 25 e'ru@shih'6, j@611 'to aii i@operatin,e i)osition, 'as slioivn In DrOli:Cn, lines in 1 a lon(yitli'diiial@l inovemeiit i8 iiiipai@ted to the rods m -he i,,@cks aiid pin thro@i@li@ the, niediu of t Ions., 30 Th6 h-,tiid whe@@i is pr6@idecl at its peripher . y ivitli rat6liet te6th 81 @vhich@ are eii(ya@@ed by a o-ravity do 3@ l@ivo@ally 410 'U,lited @at a@ s@clo I of fhe 'fr ql'ne @to hold tfi(,@ i al@v in its 11 u ted p6sitio ]as. 35. The racli:s are slid,,ibl@ @iipporteel lipoi-i L cros t @ f e s b,@r '38 6T-@ 'iie ' i'aiiie and they ar rigidl@ c6niie6tecl 'ivith the, re@s@e6t,ive. rods by Mqans OPL nuts 34 and 35. The mo@vijig jaw 12: which -ext@nds i@p:- 40 wai-dly fi@oiii a, p6iiit f6@i@@rd@of the' ''upper porti6n of the crushink jroll 6o.iisist of, a pl@te i;eenfo@r66d bv external ribs @,ncl @iarrving a steel @f6ce p At6 36.,@iln q recess at its lo er end. 45 Th@: a-w is mounted 'upoii t-Nvo@ ec@entries 3@ on the shaft o:f -th6 6@@ashin6- l@ol'I by ihe@ns e er en of Pitman boxes@38 @tt ifs low 'd. Tho c,- c6ntries @. are ke@@ect to fli@il sh@ft bet-,veenthe en&@ of the 6i-tishino- i-@ll an(] the'jovl-r'nal 50 befttinlys on the fr;it.@m6 ih whicl@ the sliaft is ,-,up @na- a, e 39 at one y eiid b,f . tlie sllaft@:otitsicle the- f-raine' pro-vi-d@s fo' it' @co ''ne6t'ton -v@ith a..'co liv@ni6@tl@ I 0- d of r. 55 A-i)@oVhble'co-nno6ii'on b et-",een-theupper a scre-w 44 -which is rotata;bl3T but longitudinally immovably mounted on tl@e member 4. A nut 45 nonrotata@bly @fitted in,the recess of 0,@ coopera e, th@ blb6li@ is thr6aded t t WI -i the bolt and b@,r t-Lii!niiio- tl-i-e I.e,,te-u tlirou-,-7@i tb-- Wo me, dium o-f a wrena applied to its hea,d the block is readily 'adjusted either directioin. The cor espo ding adi@istml ent o,f the toggle, 40 regulate s the i@te,@al MoNement of the upper'portion of the, iiicvin j,@tw and tl-iere- 75 by avoids excessiie erlishinw at the feecl end of the mael-iin,e', wf@i6h,:if continue , IN'O cause@ the. material to,, ehoke in t-he lower 1)firt of the, ertishino- sj*,ce,.- Th-6 ja.w is lield in positioij a uainst the 80 en t66-gl@.by, meaiis of a pivoted bolt 46 e.@'t din(- throuk-h'an opening in the;-cross member. zn 6f the franie and a-coil-,@prin@r 4T arra,-nged arou-nd't@6 outer p6,rtion bolt'between sai'd m@Wber tnd @n abutiilent plate 85 48 held upon the threaded end"of tl-ie bol( by iauts 49. Iii th@ o@@r . atio'nof tl-ie @nishinu machine fhe- co@t is fpd 'be@t ",een fl-ie, j a.Nvs, q t the -LLpper cricl@ there6-L. ' 'Tlie,' eircular inoiion4 of tl-ie 90 mo@jn'g j'a,'w impai.,ted tliel6tb by the edCPnt@ies 6n the slia-.rt of @tlie, Or-LISIlill@)- rdtl br, @er IUMT)S of cou@l n ihe l@i@o in cooper@tilo witli flie r6l@ti@el@ 9.xed@iaw and at the same time ctowds the, mat6rial into'the, space bet-weein 95 the @- peripl-ieral . siirface'2oT the@ ioll and tli6 @voar-plate at the lo-wer encl of the stationary iq-w. The coil is thus' coiitiniiou lv fed' to the crushing roll in pieces sn.Ticilently:small to!: @,nter iiito th'e, space et-w eii tla b' e e fixedj,,t@@v. and tli6 -to6,th@d siirface' of 'the r6ll ',L@na'a, @ @6iiiijiuous ertishin& -,iction@@is@obt@ainecl@-vv'itli6-Lit ilie Lise, . of 'ILixilia@r),, breP,16n- lilachines or mechanical feecl-' 105 ing@ @dei7i ce The crushinc,'@trote 6f'th@ @ip@ei:e@ncl of@ tl-i6 fnovin 'a.,w i's rea(lily chang6d b@'a(lg I biit, of th'e d @'i6akjustm n a c of the pai-ts, b@ -'tcibl@ @1.)olts 6@ otlier 9 ir'tetdl 6biee@t i-nid,@6@ieiitlv f6d inio@ -tlie,-ma@. 110 chi'no With.tlie@-mater@ta@l!to' b6, crii'@hed is avoic ec @i6ldiTio@ i@ioil- ciit o:f "t]@6 sta, 'I 'I by a em tionitr@ law a @,@aiiist th6,pr6ssur.6 of 'the tenSion sp@]@@iios@ 25 -v@llich have previo-u,sl-y beenb-,,@'; '6' tl niits-@28, to,6-p- 15 I p t, _68@. tlie, criishin- pr6s@it@e on V. In lax@e p,o.-v@er plaiits it fk@e6,ti6Titly 6@6@rs and' Iq6,1@z co:@l @re@@@de!iV6re th@t botli@lti- d fro the @ldclc coal@ m e -n ne I a, :one time 120 beiii@@ of @-Liffici6nf, fi@@n6@@ t6 pass to the fiir-: -end of tl-i6@ janv 12 and tl-ie fri'me --of th@ ma- , n a c e s @ @ @ v i t h ' o L L t c r u s n i n g . , chiiie'is estab:ll,@lied 'thi,oii(@h'tli6, medium o@f in 'order t6 alvoid the ]'Dst@llation@.of diflerme,,t-ns for the @ine @6-al or@ tl-i6 a toi@gi6@ 40 *hich, enb,,qb,es atone of its onds eiit @ conve@)' a @@l6@l@: 41 held in a-, re- remo-@val of the"cr@ushiii- iiia6liine while'.tbe 60 ,of'tlte la,w by a, set s6rew 42 - while, its fine coal.is being conveyed tc, the@bins i l@; ces.,,. s en i th-@ e6T@isbih g m@chine b@ capaop-po@@ite t'c@l @t tb 4@-'nioiiiit-6@-d iii ''a're@'@'6ss o-f t'he@'@ross memder: ble, "f beii@,@'6onv' -d e, 0 erte int6 a chiit'e' for tb' -Lit f f ame. conveyance o:f materiil witho urther com- i- @l ' :. y ,i,@d64iij@@lishe-ci '@'.Tlie@ blo, ck h 'as@ io@: this end a @16,iigifiidi- iiiinii ion, ancl@fl@iis' is-'repclil :,n@i-bo,r6 6,,ncit'a re!cess throuo@h Nvb@icb e,'Xtends i'n the,@ pre's6iat ni,,t6b.11.'ne by separa,.Ing: the