claim: 1. In an index, the conibination with a holder h,,tving a retaining lip at eacli edge, 25 of a plui-ality of resilient card carriers reniovably retained in position by said lips, an index carcl carried by eaoh carrier said carrier and card being constructed to permit the removal of the card fron-i the carrier 30 -Nvitliout romoving the carrier from the holder, each carrier having at some point between its ends ttii increased lateral dimensionN%,Iiei-eby the carriers are prevented from slipp ' past each other in the holder. I'll-Y 35 ' 2. in an index, the combination with .t holder h,,tving a retaining lip at, each edge, of a I)Iurality of resilient card carriers remova,bly i,et@iiied in position by said lips, an index card cai-ried by eacli -'Carrier said .40 car ier and card beincy adapted to perrilit r the remoi,all of the card from the carrier without @emoving the carrier frorn 'the holder, eacli cai@rier havin(y at sonte point between its e-.ids a lateral auard projection 45 to prevent ' he carrier next @bove f rom 'oeing displaced. 3. In an index, the combination with a holder havin(y a retaining lip at each ed,-e, of a I)Iurality of resil'Ient card carriers retained 50 in p@sition by said lips, each carrie@ having a pair of card-receiving pintles and a cara pivotally mounted on the pintles of each carriei and eal)able of removal tberefrom ivithoiit removin,r the cari-ier froin the 55 liolder, each carrier han,i-tig a laterally extendinocrtiai,d v)rojection to preven'@- the carrier iiext abo-%@e it from being displaced. 4. Tn ai. @.i-ijex, the combir@ation with a holder havii-ig a i,e,tainiiiolip at each edge, 60 of a 1)lurality of i-esilient card carriers re@ tained in osition bv said lips, eacli carrier havin(,@ a pair of c@ra-re-ceivin!,T pintles and a card @ivotally rnounte,d on ilie pintles of each carrier and capable of removal there65 from without renioving the carr-er from the holder, -each carriex having a laterally extendinz guard projection situated between the pii@tle and the end of the -carrier to support the carrier next above. 5.,In an index, the corabination," with a 70 holder having retaining lips at each edge, of a plurality of card cartiers retained iii position by said lip@ and each comprisirig a length of wire havint, its ends bent back toward each other to present card-carrying pin- 75 tl.es, 6ach wire havin- iiltermediate of its ends a laterally-offset guard portion, and a card pivotally mounted on the pintles of each carrier. 6. In an index, the'combination witli a 80 card having two separated apertures s@l-,iced -fi@om its edlye, of a hinge member presenting a resilient @ortion.to overlie one face of the - card and having two ,@eparated lips to enter said apertures and also liaving @a resilient 85 portion to overlie the other face of the card and yieldingly hold said lips in -said apertures and a carrier to which said hinge member is pivoted. 7 . In an index, the combination with a90 end, two sepatop edge, of enting a reface of the car and ving two separated lips to e@ter 95 tw of sa ,tpertures and also having a resili nt portion to overlie the other face of the card -and yieldingly hold said lips in saidapertures, said Iiin-e member hanino, a pintle-receiving portion situated beyond @the loo edge of th6 card an-d a carrier on which said pintle - receiving portions are pivotally mounted. 8. In an inde@, the combination with a. card havir.(r apertures adjacent its edge, of a iob In hinge member presenting two arms adapted to ot,-erlie one face of the card and provided at their ends with lips to enter said apertures, and a resilient finger adapted to overlie, the other f ac,,- of the card and yieldingly i@i o hold said lips in said aperture, said hinge member having a pintle-recei-v@ing portion, and a. carrier on which sgid intle-receiving portion is pivotally inountex 9. In an index, t,lie combination with' a 115 card having apertures adjacent its edge, of a hinge member presenting two arms adapted to overlie one face of the, card and provi(led at their ends with lips to enter said aperturcs, and a resilient fin-er of greater 120 len,@rth than said arms adaptedto overlie the other f ace of the card and yieldingly hold said lips in said apetiture, s@id hinge meinber havinz a pintle-receiving portion, and a carrier o@'which saicl pintle-receiving por- 125 tion -is pivotally mounted. 10. Iri an index, the.combination with a holder, of a plurality of carriers removably sustained thereby, each ' ormed of wire bert to present two card-carrving pintles, a card 1.30

having two hinge members removably secured thereto. and each provided ivith a pintle-receiviiig portioi@ ivhich is pivotally mounted on one of the pintles. 5 ll. In aii index, the comt)ination -,vith a holder, of a carrier removably 'Sustained thereby, and formed of wire bent to present two card-carrying pintles, and a card havin,g tnvo hinge members removably secured lo thereto and each provided Avith a pintle-receiving portion which is pivot@lly mouuted on one of the pintles, each hinge meinber presenting two arms adapted to overlie oiie face of the card and provided with lips to 15 enter aperture8 in the card, and a resilient finger to overlie the other face of the card and yieldingly hold said lips in said apertures. 12. In an index, the combination with a2o body member having retainiii lips at its edges, of a plurality of index elements re,tained in position by said lips. and a protective cover of transparent m@terial secured to the body member centrally thereof, the 25 ends of said, cover beiiig free to be turned back to give access to the index elements, @aid ends beinfr rotinded and adap'yled to be inserted under the lips. 1 13. In an index, the combination -,vith a 3o body meniber having retaining lips at its edges on both sides tbereof, of a plurality of index elements adapted to be retained in position beneath soid lips ' and a protective cover of'transparent material folded about 35 the lo-%ier edge of said body member and secured thereto at the upper edge centrally thereof, the ends of the cover on each side of the body member being.free to be turned back.thereby a@ffording access to the index 40 el6rhents. 14. In an index, th6 combination with a body member having retain ' lips at its Ing edges on both sides thereof, of a plurality of ind ex elements adapted to be retained in positi on beneath said lips, and a protective 45 co ver of transparent material folded ',Ibo ' lit the lower edge of said body member and secur ed thereto at the upper edge centrally the reof, the eiids of the cover on each side of the body member bein- free to be turned 50 ba ck tlierebv affording access to the index elem ents, said ends being rounded Lnd constructed to be inserted benea,th the lips. 1 5. In an index, the combin,,ition with a bo dy memb'er having retaininz lips at its 55 ed ges ' of a plurality of index elements ad apted to be retaine(I iii position bene,,itli sai d lips, and a protective cover of tran,-,parent material overlying said index elements an d secured centrally 'to the body eleiiient, 60 the ends of said protective cover being free -and being divided so that any section thereof car@ be ttirned back to expose the index ele ments therebeneath -@Nithout distorting the oth er sections. 65 1 6. The combination with a main frame, of a plurality of overlappino, liolders detacliabl y moliiited the.rein, each liolder comprisiiig a body portion, a transparent slieath po rtion extending over the major part of the 70 bo dy portion, means for removably confining the edges of the sheath portion Ind -,t plu rality of index slips removably seciired bet ween the sheath and body po@tion. 1 7. The combination Nvith a main franle, 7 5 of a holder mounted therein, said holder com prisina a body portion liaving confining lips at ei@ther side thereof, a tra,-isp,@irelit she ath extending across the face of the body port ion and ha-%,lng its free edges detachably 50 seat ed beneatli said lips and a plurality of inde x slips remov,,tbly supported between the sheath and body portion. I n testirriony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification. STANLEY ANTI-IONY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, STANLEY ANTHONY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. INDEX. Specification @f Letters Patent. Pateiited June 13, 1922.. Application filed August ld,'1916. Serial No. 114,674. To alltv 7bom it may con.cem.- . Be it known that I, STAisTj,Ey ANTHONY, a citizen of the United States, residina at Bos(,ounty of Suffolk, State of M' ssachut6ni , a setts, have invented an Improvement in Indexe@@, of wl@ich the following description, in connection with the aecompanying drawing, is a specification, like characters on the drawing representinly like -Darts. io This invention rerates t@ indexes such is are used in business-houses for cataloguing lists of names comprising mai.ling lists, addres@es, telephone numbers, etc., or for 'Catalogul,ng any other data, relative to the busi1 5 ness in which the index is used, and among the objects of the invention are to provide an iniproved index having the capability of containing a large nuinber of names or ,i large amount of data, in a very.compact 20 space and in such a way that any index member is readily accessible, to provide an index comprising a plurality of index cards situated inoverlapping relation in whicli each index card can be readily removed from 2,5 its carrier without removirig the carrier f roin the holder;, to provide an improved hinge connection between eacli card and its cal@-, rier; to provide an improved carrier for the cards; to pi,ovide an improi,ed card con30 structed to removably receive a pliirality of index elements aiict provided Nvith a novel protecting covei- for protectin& said elements, aiid otherwise to improve indexes 6f this nature, all as will be more fully liere35 inafter specified. In order to give an underst,,tnd'ing of the invention, I have illustrated in the. draw-, ing,, some selected embodimeiits thereof which will now be described, after which the 40 n6vel features will be po@.nted out in the. appended claims. Iri tb6 drag@@ingc-; Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a CODs . truction embodying my improve@ments; 45 Fig. 2 is a detail vie* of the carriers of the cards; Fig. 3 is a vertical s6etiondi view throligh a few of the cards and their carriers in assembled relation 50 Fig,. 4 is a transverse sectional view; Fio,. 5 is a vertical sectional i,iew t-hrougli one of the cards; Fiu t@, 6 is a perspective view of the hinge elem@iit by which the card is hinged to its 55 carrier; Fi@,. 7 is a fragmentary view of the upper edge of the card showing. the manner in which the card is c6nstructed to receive the hire membet; ig. 8 is a view showing the manner - in Go which the hinge iiiember is applied to or remov ed from the card; Fig. 8a is a perspective vienv of a carrier embod ying my invention haviiig a different constr uction t.han that shown iii Fig. 2; 65 Fiz. 9 is an enlarged view of one of the card@ @, - , F@g . 10 is a similar view showing a different form of. card; Fig. 11 is a section on the line ll-. 111 70 Fig. 10. The index hereiii shown is of that @ype compri sing a plurality of cards carried by a holder and arranged in overladpino- relation, aid cards being indi-@idu@lly 'remov- 75 able from the holder and also 'pivot@lly mounted tberein so that any card can be swung upwardly to iincover aild ' give access i,o the card directly beneath. , The cards are indicated genera ' ily at I and the holder in 80 which the cards -re sustained at 2. Each card is pivotally stistained on a carrier 4 and the carriers'are retained in position r'el.ati,,e to the holder 2 by lips 3 formed on the - holder and which form therewitb. 85 guides in which the ends of the carrier are slidably received. One feature- of my present invention rel@tes to a construction which permits the cards to be readily i,emoved from thei - r car- go riers witbout removiiig the carriers from the holder. The advantage of this is that it bec6mes -necessary to n-iake any change in the data borne by any card, then the card can be readily removed ' from its carrier while the 95 carrier is still in.tlie holder, and the presence of the ca,rrier in the.holder will holl the other cards properly spaced. The space formerly ocetipied by the card which has been removed will gi-,,e an iiidication as to 106 the proper positiory,in which to insert said card ivhen the change has been made. The cari,iers 4 may be made in various wavs without departina from the i@-iNention. In Figs. 2, 3 and 4 I have shoivn a barrier lo5 made of a length of repilient wire ha,-,,ing its ends 5 bent back to form a loop and the extremity. 6 of each end constituting a trit nion or pintle on which the card is hiiiged. These truiinioi-i or pintle por- lio tions 6 will pi@eferably be, offset slightly from the body of tf@e carrier, as seen

1,419,194 plainly in Fig. 41 so that while the carr'ler rests against the holder 2, the pintle por@ tions 6 are spaced therefrom. In indexes having this on,ei-lapping card feature, it is ne6essary that the cards shoulcl be spaced a certaiu distance from each. other in order that they may be freely operated, and this spacing is herein accomplished, by the carriers themselves. The carriers are so 10 made that the portions 5 thereof with the pintles 6 are separated from the main part 4 of the carrier a distance equal to the desired spacing, and hence when the carriers are placed in the holder 2 and rest one on the 1,5 other, the pintle portions 6 of the adjacent carriers will be separated sufficientlv tci give the cards I the proper spacing. In order to prevent any possibility of the carriers slippino, past each other' in the 20 holder, I will p@ef erably m,,ike each carrier with the offset portion 7 at each end, tb.ese offset portions 7 constitut@ing gtiard projections that preverit the carriers frorri slippin ' g by each other. Any carrier with its card 25 thereon can be readily removed from the liolder 2 by simplv beiidin(y the ceiitral portion of the carrier'outwardly away from the, holder, thus withdrawing the ends of the carrier from beneatb the lips 3. The card can. b'e 30 readily removed from its carrier by simply bending the card centrally so a-s to withdra it from the inner ends of the pintles 6, as will be more fully hereinafter described. The construefion is such th,,it the card can be re35 moved f rom its carrier without removing the cari-ler from the holder if desired. in Fig. Sa I have shown a different form of carrier which, however, em'bodies the same 1-)rinciple as the carrier shown in Figs. 2, 3 4o and 4. In said Fig. Sa the, carrier is made from a stril) 60 of sl-ieet metal which is preferably re @silient an-d is of P, size to be held by the lips 3 of the holder 2. Each sti,ip 60 is of a width corresponding to the spacing 45 desired between adjacent cards, ,tnd hence when the carriers are in the holders 2, 1 they will operate to space the cards proper@Y. Each carrier has struck up therefrom a pintle-formii-ig portion 61, each pintle - forming 50 portion ha,ving the part 62 Aihicli is beni later,,tlly at ricrht angles to the strip 60 and the piiiile por@ion 63 iahich is bent parallel to the sti,ip 60. The pintle portions 63 are shaped so as to present a cylindrical pintle,. 55 and the I)iiitle portions of e,,Lch carrier are directed toivai-d each other. By this constru(@tion the pintles of eacli cirrier are offset from the body of the carrier so that the cards caii be readily turned. 60 In indexes of this type where the individual cards are frequeritlv tui-ned ul) t? give access to the cir(l beneath, it is desirable that the pivotal oi:- hinge connection between the cards an(i the carriers should be ,t strong 65 one and one wbich will not give v,;ay after re'Peated use. One feature of my present invention relates to o, novel pivotal connection between the card and its carrier which meets these requiremedts. My improved pivotal connoction is formecl by a, metal hinge mem- 70 ber 8 which'is detachably seciired to the card and which is adapted to b@e pivotally n'@ou.nted on the pintle portion 6 of the carrier. Each Iiinge member 8 is shown is presenting the pintle-receiving portion 9 through whleh -75 the pintle 6 extends, 'the two a:rms or side ieces 1G having at their ends the laterallyp iin extend Lg lips 11 and the centtal resilient finger 12 which is situated between the side arms 10 and extends slightly beyond the lips 80 11. This resilient finger 12 is offset from the arms 10 slightly, at its inner end, as shown at 13, the offset being substantially equal to the thielmess of the card. The card 1 is formed with two slots 14 of a size and prop- 85 erly positioned to receive the lips 11 and is also formed in its upper edge witb a notch s 15 of a size to receive the o:ff et portion 13 of the resilient arm 12. , When the hinge member is applied to the 90 card,'the arms. 10 overlie one f ace of the dard *ith the lips 11 occupying the slots 14, and the o:ffset p6rtion 13 occupies the notch 15, the resilient finger 12 lying on the opppsite face of the card from the ,trms 10 and by its 95 resiliency holding the slots 14 of the card in 'engagement with the lips 11. The hinge member is thus securely held to the card and because @ of its construct-ion the card can be repeatedly turned up about the pintles of its 100 carrier without danger of injuring the card or the binge connection. The hinge member can be readily removed from the. card by bending the resilient finger 12 awely from the arm 10 sufficiently to permit the slots 14 to be 105 withdrawn from the lips 11, as shown in Fig. 8, after Nvhich the hinge member may be readilywithdrawnfromthecard. Thebinoe inember may also be easily applied to the card by opening the finger 12 away from the 110 arms 10 sufficiently to permit the edge of the card to be inserted between said finger and the arm. The fact that the end of the finger - 12 extends beyond the arms f acilitates the operation of applying the hinge member to 11,5 the - card or removing it therefrom. The hinge n-iember thus presents, one portion which overlies one face of the card and has two lips to extend throu(i'h the apertures therein and another resilient portion which 120 overlies the otl@er face of the card ,tnd yieldingly holds the lips in the apertures. The hinge members 8 will be placed in position on the cards before t-he ea-rds are attached to the carrier. The operation of con- 125 necting a card to its carrier simply iiivolveb sliding the pintle-receiving portion 9 of one hinge member over one pintle 6 and then bending the-card sufficiently to permit the pintle-receiving portion of the other hinge 13o

member to be s@ipped over the other pintle. paper or similar material. Each strip may When the card is on the carrier said card is prevented from longitudinal movement relative to the carrier b@ the engagement of the hinge members with the offset portions 16 of the carriers. The e,,ird can be readily removed from its carrier by bending said card centrally in an outwarcl direction sufficiently to permit one 10 hinge member to be withdrawn from its pintle and then withdrawin the other hinge member from its pintle. fhese operations of 1. -emoving the car from its carrier or placing the card on the carri6r can, be performed 15 equal'iy well whether the carrier is in . the holder or is removed from the holder, and one important feature of my invention lies in .the capability of removing the cards from their carriers without removing the carriers 20 from the holder. This is quite an advantage, (,specially where the reason for the removal of the card is simply to make some cl-iange. in the data thereon, and if is desired to replace the citrd in its proper position in th -e 25 holder after su,cli chaiige is made. Suppose, for instance, it is do-sited inerely to change' an address on the card.. The card can be removed from its carrier without @removing the carrier from the holder, and because 30 the carrier remains;in the holder, the relative position of the cards remainina in the holder will be unchanged. There will th-Lis (@xist a '.space at the place where the card has been removed, thus indicating tho po35 sition in which the card is to be placed after fiie" change is made. If it was necessary to remove the carrier -Nvith the card, then such removal of the carrier would allow the other carriers to shift their position 4o relative to 6ach other, and th@ particular place where the removed card belongs would be lo8t. By means of my invention, however, it is possible to preserve an indicat@ion of this place, thus. f acilitating the re-insertion 45 of the card into the holder after the correcti.on has been made thereon. So far as the construction above de.-cribed is concerned, the cards 1 m ht be designe.d to receive any desired data. ipach card might 50 b6 devoted to one particular name or one particular subject, or ea6h card might be constructed to receive a plutality 6f nam6s or @ubjects. In the @onstruction herein illustrated, each card is constructed to sustgin re55 niovably a plurality of index strips, each strip having a. capacity for receiving one name or address or telephone number, etc. With this arrangement, each card might correspond to a leite@ of t,he alphabet and it 60 would have on it several names beginning witti that letter.. Tiie card constrtiction illustrated is one in which the card has at each end a retaining lip 1'7 which is aclapted to overlie the 6,5 ejids of and hold in place index strips 18 of b e of a size to receive one iftame aiid address o r telephone iiumber. These index strips a l,e trranged one a-bove the other, as showii i n Fig. 9 witli the ends tliereof slipped under 7 0 a nd retained in position by the lips 17. I will preferably provide these retainino, lips 1 7 on each side of the card so that the index st rips 18 may be used on both sides of each c .ard. 7 5 These index st@i's usuall@ have the data e ither writteii or typewritten thereon, and it is desirable to protect the strips froin being s oiled by the constaiit handling of the index. I accomplish this'. herein by securing to each 8 0 si de of the card a protective cover in the f orm of a sheet 19 of celluloid or some sim, il ar transparent but flexible material. I will p referably secure each co-@@er 19 centrally to t he card 1 at the top and bottom edges, the 8 5 e nds 20 of the cover being free to be turned u p, as slioy@n in Fig. 9, thereby giving access t o the individ-Lial strips 18. !he encis 20 1. of t his protee-tive cover are retained in poslition u nderneath t.he lips 17, and to facilitdte the 9 0 i nsertion: of said. eiids under the lips, I prose to make the ends 20 rounded somewhat. @hen the cover is in place, the data on the i ndividual strips 18 can be readily read. If it is desired to remove @ny of. the strips 18 9 5 o r to add new iridex strips to the card then o ne or both ends 20 of the protective cover c an be withdrawn f rom the lips 17 and t urned up, as shovvn in Fi-'9 thereby p '@h' osing the index strip 18. e index strip 100 c an then be readily removed or inserted and any desired adjustment made relatiye to tlle position of the index strips, after which the protective cover may be replaced in positioil. Where this construction is provided 6ach, 105 c ard c6nstitutes a bolder whic-h is 'adapted to removably receive a plurality of index st rips and by arranying the cai-ds in the h older 2 in the overia-pping relation shown, a n extren-iely compact device is provided in 1 10 w hich a large number of index strips can b e confined in a ver small compass. Wliile the protectii,e cover 19 may be appl ied to the card in any suitable w,,ty I have h erein illustrated. a coristruction whe@ein the 1 15 p rotective cover for b6th sides @f the card is made from the same celluloid sheet, the la tter being folded around the lower edge of th e card and the upper edges of the slieet b eing secured to the upper end of the card in 1 20 s ome, suit@ible way as by eyelets 21. At the lo wer edge of the card the protective cover is cut from the ends inwardly to the poilits - '2 2 to allow the etids of the pi-otective cover to be readily turned up. 1 25 In Fig. 10 I 1-iave illustrated a slightly di ffeilent embodiment of the invention wherein ea ch protective cover is made in sections s o that it is possible to turn up a, portion only thereof at each end. In this embodi- 130

1,419 194 ment the cover is slit inwardly from its outer edges a plurality of t@imes, as shown at 23,. thus making the cover sections 24. The advantage of this construction is t-hat when it is desired to remove or adjust any partioular index strip it will be necessary to turn up giily the section of the protective C'Over which immediately overlies the particular in.dex strip. In this construction I have showia io the central p,oi-tion of the protective cover as held in position by wires 25 which extend through apertures 26 in the top and bottoni edo-e of the card. The holders such as shown in Fiu. I may 15 be i-ised individually or collectively, depending upon the si-ze of the index which it is inecessary to use. If said holders are used collectively a plurality of thern may be mounted on a standard or support in any 20 suitable way so that anyone of the holders can be brouglit into acce-ssi-ble position.