[1]UNITED.STATES- PATENT OFFICE. ALFRED OWEN CROZIER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. A]IT OF XAKING FACED CEXBNTITIOUS PRODUCTS. Specification of Letters Patent. Pateiitect Apr. 26, 1921. Application filed June 14,1918, Serial No. 239,926. RenewedTuly 21,1920. Serial No. 398,044. - .7@o all ivito?)b it i)iay ewteei-it: Bc, it @.iown that I, ALFRED OWF@N CROZIER, a c@tizen of the United States, tempoI'ai-ilv resi(ii-Ticy at New York, in the county aiid @@tate ()f %ew Yoi-k have invented certain 1-iew and tiseful linproveiiients in the Art of Makin- Faced Cemeiatitious -Products. of ivhicii the following is a full, ef6ar, and'exact description. 10 This invention relates to the manufacture of conei-ete bricks, blocks, hollow tile, and (,tlier cemeiit-itious pi-oducts, provided oii oiie oi- iiioi-e surfaces with a faciiig oi- layer of 'di-ler'c-n@Ll characte@, Rs for example diff(@i-eilL, iri con,,,istency, composition,' oi- color, etc.. the cliief object of the inveiition is to 1)i-oi:l(le a sirnple, effective and ecoiiomical ir@c@tliod for purpose. To tlils aiid otli6ieii(Is t'iie iiiv.en@.-Ion coiisists ill the novel pro20 liereinaftei- deser;-bed. @'ai-@lous steps iii the I)Peferi-ed n@ode of ])i-actlsllW the iii%-eiitioii are illtistrate(I in tile (11'.I-,I-in,ts. iii wlileli are ;Ilso shoN%-ii, soiiieN%-Iiit ('tia,,,r,@-rnriiitically, 2,@) certaiii I)a,,,t,, of tf,.e al)l)ai-atiLs ivlii(-I-i I pi-eft@l. to C,311plov. 1',efui-riti,'to the (Irawinas: Fiz(riii-e I is a \-Ielv. 1)@ll'tl ' v ill vel'tic@ll (,i.oss-scctioii. of tiie iipi-ight liollow shaft, ;,o oi- (-oiitaiiic-t- iii Nvlilcli is cstztblislied and inziliitaiiie(I a ceni(@iit't'otis column of sltish 1 1 con(-L-ete. Fi,,. 2 i-,, t section @tl)out @ii Iiiie 2-2 of Fig. 1. slioNi-iii(, iilso the l@nives bv iN-iii(-Ii the 27' 1.5 lower i)ortion of the ceiiieiititiotis coltinin is' se@-ere,l aii(,l (Iliided. aiid the I)allet 6r clostti-e. @vitli ,i facing la.vei- tli(@reon, in positioii at the bottoni of the sli@ift or conti,tinei,. 40 l,'i,y ;I is ,t ;e(,tioiial 1)1,iii view oii Iiiie 3 - ") o f F@ I Fi(y. 4 ii i I , gection sini'lai- to slioiviii,, i iii(,tlio(I of iiiti.odticiii,,, i of niatei-i@il into thk@ Sll@Ift (1- 4.5 at one side of the s,,inie. Fir,,, 5 1,@ Et liorizont,,tl so(-tioii oii it corres,pon(lino- to Iiiie ;-)-.5 of Fl,(-r. 4. slioNN-- iiiz tiie ari@an@-yerieiit iviien @i 1,.@ t('I)O i)l-o@-ile(I on t"N-o (.011@liig@itoll.-i Si(tes of tl,lc, C(,,mentitiotis I)ro(luct 61- 1)1.o(lit(-tS. Fl"'. C) 1,@ @in ciid view 6f zi 1),illet -%vitli ,I la-vei@ of niatei,i@il tliereoii. Fig' i- is a I)ei-spective vie-Nv of t I)ztllet lo-,id of faced brick. I tit Fig. 8 is a peirspective view of a faced 55 block, on the pallet on which it is forrmd. IA.ig.' 0 is, a perspective view shoN,@,ing a f@icing. layer on a piece o" woyen fabric to give a corresponding texture to the facing. Fig. 10 -is a perspective view sliowing a 60 pallet load of -br@ick faced on the upper . side. Fig' 11 is a- perspective view shoivila(y a fabric on top of a suitably supported b ek t o impart to the siirface of the laiter a corr esponding texture. I 6 5 ' Fig, 12 is a perspective view of a brick o r block fai@ed ori 6ne- side and on itu adj oining end. Fi,-. 13 is a perspective.view illustrating'. a simple and conveni6nt method of forming 7 0 a facilig layei- on a ptllet. Fig. 14- is a pei'spectiw view illust@ititir P , simple and effective way. i)f applying'@ a f acing layei- on the iii)per slrface of a block o r otheiproduct. 7 5 Fig. 15'is a side 17jeW, pal-tly iii wetiori,: il lusti-aiing a method of impartina a rock-! li ke surface or other. finish to the nbiock-, or b i-icks. In cari-ying out iny inventi,)n in the pre- 80 f erred n-iannei- I eriiploy an tipi@ip,%ht hollow sl iaft or contai'Aer 15, closed at the bottom b y a removable p@llet 16 resting on ' t table. 1 7 wliieh cari be raised and lowered by meaTLs t - and suitable -mechanisin, 85 o f any convenieii n ot slionvn. In the lower part of tlie, sliait, a t a suitable distance -above tlle pallet, aec oi-dincr to the thickDeSs of the produCtS LI - v;liicli are to be n-iade,- the fron4(l ind rear walls of tli(., sbaft are pi-ovided with hori- go zontal slots 18, 19, to receive a liorizontal knife 20, and witli i@ertical slots @,],.22, to rec(,ive vertical kiiives @),3. The knives mentioned are bv pi(@fereiiee 1-igidlv coiiiiected t?getllei-, aiid ai-e i-eciprocated at the proper 95 - tirn(,s by stiitable iiot sliown. The ,Iiaft, prefei-,il)lv li,,ts -,in upiv,,Ird taper, '.Is in(licated. it il)ox,e the horizoiltal slots. l'i-efei-,iblv-tlie front aiid rear iv.,Itlls of the 1),ii-t 1)(--Ioiv tli(-, slot :ire i)iii-allel btit tlic@, side loo i@-alls ai,e @@liglitIN, incline(i tlioitgli to a less extent than the si(le walls @lbove, the slots. 'I'lie sliaft 15 is filled :to ii sitital)le lieight, i,.@ -%vill 1)(,, expltined liei-,?Iiiafter'l -%v'lt@ slusli coiici-ete, that is. a niixttire colit@iitlino; ,I lo.5 ceiiientitiotis ingi,e(lieiit, sand or otlier suitable material, and ivater in excess, I)referably considerablv ir@. excess, of tl iat re@-
[2]1,376,321 foi@ (,on,il)lete liy(Iritioii of tl-ie cem(,I)tltiol The lower I)oftlon oi tile coliiiin tlius for'me(i is sttl)je(@te(I to a ni,ii-ked iiiiivatei-iii- ari(I (-oiiil)zictiii,,y oi" (leiisifyiri(-@' ell'ect l@)y the weiglit (f the 'ier' beitig liglit(@i,, iiiass itboi,(@' the iN,a I I t, i@i,i I I I , @ill(Ily. The t@t u .), fizi(t'n(, its Ni--,xy iij)@i fe(,' is iiior(-, oi.- les-@ I)i-oi)oi-tiojial to tl'iie of the coliiiiiii, tli(I in I)i,.tctice the (-oluiiiii is '-O r!llititaine(I I)i@(,fei--al)iy itt sii(-Ii zi ll(,I(,rlit tiiiit the uti@iet, I)i,o(iticts elti-i-e(I oi- sli@tl)ed fi-ozii ihe sal(I lowei- 'I)oi,tioii tiDwitere(I iii(I coiiipttete,(l enoitirii to iiltke tiieiii tain@iq,,, i@,itl)otit littei-al st-i-)I)oi@t. Foi-(!In(,,r of sui)stiiitiil tliiclcilie j@f)'ves 20 iind 2i@, iiess, into the coltinin 1)i-o(Iiic(@s a ftit-tlier we - 1)ot@tioii, ts 'II tw compt).ctin- of tl)e lo I ii-i i-ea(lily iiii(lei-stoo(l. The I)i-iinii-y ftinctioii of tli(@ I)ol-izoiitil -er from the (@oliiiiiii the com,@o knife 20 is to se@ an(I iinwitei-ecl-- 1)ol@tioii 1)(@l(w , tlle slots 18, 19, iN@Iii(-Ii I)oi-tion i,,i tlieii diN-I(le(i iiito I)rici@s oi- bl<)el@s by tlie, knii,es 23. These o.Ijei,,itioiis . litn-ing I)een 25 I)ei,forme(i the knin-es are reti,@icte(i lintil the vei-ticql Icnii-es ire eiitii-ely witli(Irtwn, I)i.it le.tviii,), the lioi,izojit@il knife iii the (Ioltimn. The table 17 iiid 'I)allet 16, @vitli tli(@ seN-ei-e(I and dii,-i(le(I p6rt,ion of the (-oliiniii, iii-e iiow ,i 0 1OWeT-e(l, leavinfr the til)l)ei- 1)@irt of the column resting on the knife 20: the I)-,tllet is i@emoved ivith its lo:i(I of I)i-i(@l@s @ind (,arried away to a 1)1,,t(,e whei-e the I)i-icks niiv be left t@ set aiid I)ar(len, t fi,esli I)allet i s 35 piteed on the tal)le, and the I;itter is i-aise(i to brii)g the fi-erb pillet iiito 1)ositioil'@it the I)o .ttom of tlie, qliitft. The I)oi@izoiit@il I<nife 20 is then witlidrawii, pr(@fei,al)lv @is qtiiekly as possil)le., -wliereiil)on the I)III-T of tl)e 4o coliimn di,ops bo(til.), iil)on the piillet, the -%7ic)lent inil),ict tliiis I)i-o(Iii(,ecl ,ii(lin(, miteri.iliv iii (@oiiil)actin,, of tlie. lower 1)art of the eoltiinn; iii(t the sliaft being ttpeie(l, tli(, suddeii deseelit of the collimil ten,(Is to ol)en 4,5 ertici@s or spaces iit' the si(les of the @,ii-,ift. pelle(i iil)witr(liv, tillis li(]iD('in tli(@ iiiiw@ttei,in,, of tli(@ coliimii. '@Ls the ol)(@i,,.itioDs (]es(-i-il)e(I ai-e r,,i)e:ite(I .5o tlie, (@oliimn is maintiiine(i at tli(@ I)roI)(,iIlei('I)t ])Y slipplyili,r fi@egli ccmeiititioiis iii@itpl@ I of s(litill)l(, coiisisteiicy @it tli(@ tol), (-()iitiiiiiotisly or @it sii(-Ii iiitei-N-:tls its IDIIY I)e DIOST C01ii,enient oi, 55 the con(litions. 'File (,orl(@i-et(, ill til(@ lol-v(,I@ 1)()i,tloii of tli(, tiloll"ll is tli@it is. it (@oiit@iiiis @inil)](, li@,(Ii-:,,t.lon of the iii@;0 @111(i is tll(,I.(,fol-e to I)e (.oll(@ii(,te in into Ai,lii(,Ii exeess ivatei, is tiii(I is @@xIN,iti) i tli(, :iii(i 65 size of tll(@ 1)1-o(iii(@ts foi-ii)('(] til)oii the niiniber aiid sp,,teing of the v(,,rtical subdividing IcniN-es, the largest I)Iocks I)eing produced ii'lieii iio i-ertical kiiives used, as is the case, for exarnple, in Fig. 4. l@acin(rs can be prov'ded on one or i-nore 70 stii-faces of the I)rodiicts iif t vftriety of wiys. Oii(,@ con@-enient iiietliod is illiistrtite(i in l,i,,S. 2. 6, 7 :tiid 13. -For tl)is purpose a, @,fi@illoiv fi-@iiiie 24, wliieli rnay be of slieet is provi(led. to fit down iipon the pal- 75 let 16, is slioavn in Fi(,. 13. The opening in the frinie (Nvliieli ol)ening is of ' the sarne size ts the iiiside of tjie bottomlof the shaft 1.@)) is filled witli the ficing in-,iterial, which iiia @, I)e of tn,@, siiitible consistenev, btit pref- 8(, ei-,@i)lv more 'oj, less slusliy. T@e frame ir, then r(@inoved, lea%-in- oii the 1),illet a layer oi- i-elatin-elv tliin I)o(ly of facing material 2;-), Fi,,-. 6. 111(1 tll(, pillet is pltteed in posiI ti(ii , t the I)oitom of the shaft, as shown in 8T P'i 2. Tiieii lvlien tli(' lioi,izontal knifo 20 is ivitli(li-aNvii, the iil)per I)art of the column, ivas stipl)orte(I I)y the knife, drops bo(lill, til)on tlie facing. Iii,ei- so tbit tlle two are inte,,i-,tlly joine(l, an'y air I)etween the 90 two is (IriN-en oiit, aii(i ti)e ficiii,,, ltyer is (,ompi(@te(l. or (leiisified, tnd - tinwa'tered. iftei- ii,iiieli the iiow fice(i lower portion oi tli(@ coliimn is sevei,e(I tli(@refrom iiiid, if desire(]. (iii-i(le(I itito siyialler- I)Iocks, or bricks. 95 7 slioivs a 1).ill(@t lo:i(I of faced brick, ,tn(I Fi,,. 8 i sin(,Ie face(i I)Iock 1)rodtice(I in this wiv. I'li(@ iiiit(@rial for the f:ieing ltyer eziii I)e qiiite wet, I)eing I)t,efertil)lv itist "tlli(-](" ejioii,,Ii to k(@el) fi-oin sl)t-eadin'(' iintil joo r- n tlle 1),ill(@t is iiii(lei- tl)e sliaft. Then til(@ 11(@iiN,v inil)ztct of the (-oliimD, wlien the lioi-;zoiital lcnife is witli(ii,@iwn, in(I the sitl)- - S(@(filetit I)I-(@ssiii-(@ ext@z,t(@(I I)y the inti-o(Itietion of tl)e l@iiif(@ oi- kiiin,es, - tlioi-oiiglily comp;ict 10, ot- (lelisifv, (i- stiil)iliz(-, the ltyer so that it A%-il slist@iiii tll(@ ii-eiglit of the I)Iock or I)i-i(- k,, ivliii(@ Iiiii-(Ieiiing. Aiiotli(@i- ig illtisti-,tted in Fi(rs. 10 tiid 14. Tii this the 'faciiig la.irer oii 110 tlle I)itll(@t is omitte(i tii(I the i-ertic:il knive,-3 2"1:ii-enotilse(l. Wlieiitliel),illetisreniove(I fi-oill til(@ I)ot totil of the sliaft ;i fi-anie 26, l'i(-. 14. is s(@t (lowti iii,oiiii(i tlie. I)Ioelc 27, the sli(rlitlv lii-@liei@ tbin the I)Iock. 115 f@i(-in(r in@itei-it] 28 is then (1(@I)osit(@d on tit(@ fitc(, of tli(, I)lo(-k ,Iii(i l(@,veled off t( tll(, t(l) (f tli(, fi-ttine. iifteiii,liioli, if deili(@ I)lo(-Ic (,:tii 1)(@ into I)ri(@ks I)N- iiieztii,, of n of lcnin,es oi, ii-ires, lift 120 I'li(@ f;i(-iiig ni;iterial (-;ti) I)e tl)l)lied (iiiit(@ soft, irii(i Ni-li(@ii it is iii a tllill (,noit,,Ii I;ti@(,r tli(@ (Iii-isioii of tiie I)Iock into (.@iii l@(, iiitlioiit waitiiig for tli(@ f:i(,in@r iiiitei-iil to set or bar(](@n. @-.k 125 I)all(,t lo@i(i of f:i(-(,(] I)i-i(-Ics I)rodueed in tltis is siloIN'll ill 10. Iii the 'Iltistr@ite(I -in Fi,,Y-,s. 4 ,i n (I r) T 1)rovi(le ivltllili tlle sbaft 1,@) -,t plate, as 28, p@irtllel to oiie wall aiid spaced at the 130
[3]1,376,321 proper di-tap-ep, therefrom by meoxis of piiis ,30, and e@:teridin4D-'well to-,vard the pati-i of the k-Tlif6 20. Iiito'@the sl)ace thus ,orcv;.ded @etween the plat@@ a,.n-d the adjp@L cent wall tiie facipo- Di-,tterial 29 is st@ppli(-d a rate to keep i)tce with the severance 'of bl,,,ck@, or bricl-s ironi @h- botto-in of the@, column. This f,,teino, material mi @e qlit@. soft. Belo-,v the plate tlii-. column and th(@ lo layer ol -facing ni@atpriall jjin, as i-lidicate& in Fig. 4 and - are.. integraII3, uiiited by t4e l@ateral Dressure of-@,he forriier. To avoid all posslolilty'o,t' rLIpiilre o@- tI.Le facing layer and coiiseqlient, sdrea iio, f the column 1.5 through the lay-.r'to si@aft wall at tlie, pq@nt of rupture, thereby producing in impeo@ect or defective. f acip-g, the plate is pref ef,ably forced dow4 or -allowed to fall witli til.-a coluw-i@ as the latter descends and tlieil awr, u-o again 20 d-r I)ei'@ort, or after the knife is. i-e-i-r.tro@cfucea into the coltunn to seaer tli@ iiex'u- bl(@ck tl-ierefrom. Ir@ tills way a. layer of facing material is earric-d clown the side of @-lie sha-ft'a--@id applied -to Viie side- of :the 25 co@--ulan @,her@@ pr&luci-Tig on that sidia of tb-o, products -wlilch are cut from ilie bottom ot the coltunn. Vertical knives 23 aliv-..,iot ittown iii Fig. 4, btit it is to be ,inder ' stood 'Coat they mai, be tised if clesired. ao If '.tacip-gs a@-e desired',on ot@lier'sides also, addit-iona,l -olates gre einplove0@ in the coltimii, ds ior e--,ample the plate 'l, Fig. -). In thig way all four sides of t-lie block caii be iaced. At the. same tinie ',lie scheiiie 35 i-Ilustrated in Figs. 2 it-.id 13 may be used tc, provicle a f,,lcin- on anotlier face of tlie' block, and the r@,maining - @urface can be, faced by the metliod illus'll-rao'ed iii li'ig. 14. In . is way as marly surf,-xes as desired caii 4 fi, be ia@eed. Fig. 12 sho-,vs a block or brick 'aced on- one eiid and onk@ side The -11acino-@s cail. be given o, sur'Lace desigii or texture in various For example, pa'ilet 16 cin b,@ covered witb a piece of ,t5 woven fal)ric 32 P-iid the facincr layer 25 formed thereon, as shov.,ii iii Fig. 9,,in the -fiaimer a,lzeady deser'lbed,@n cor@nect;.Oii with IT';-g. 13. Th,-,.i whpn the column in the shaft 5o terp- of the fabric .s impres.,@ facid-. Th- iabric c,.iii be left iTi place until th- material li,@,s hardened, cr tl-ie blo,(,,k caii be tur-ne(I over uron anol.-lier stipdoi-tirig sur:race and *Ctie fabric peeled o-@T a,@oiiee. An55 other 1,7,,ty is to applv the faciiig by the, metl,iocl iiliistrated iii , F, i-. 14 an(I then to ,ipply the fabric oii toD, as indicated at 33 ip- Fi.,Y. 11, pressing the '@ib.-ic (low-a upon t]@-e, more or 'less yiel,,Iing @nass by nieans of 60 a -.-oUer or otberivise. The fabric is t-lien strippipcl off a@.id tlie block ---et aside to hardeii. A fin;sh -,vhicii for ir.@q,nv pui,pcses is higiily pleqsing tnd desin, ble cin be given 65 t,@-, e-le -m-inor-, @faces o-@ th-e blocks other l@- d@seends i-lpon 1,,,,yer tii,, ptted upon the proclu cts by the method illustmted in Fig. 15.. For this pur pose the block,'brick, or otbler article, restmg on tlie pallet, 16 oii which it was formed, or tumed over upon anothe r pallet or other suitable stipport, iS 70 inclos ed m a lateral support, sueh as a closefitting open frame or box 34 and over the surfac e of t@ block (which may or may not hav'b a fa-eing layer 35) is strewn sancl, crushe d rock (f6r example quartz, marble. 75 or granite), s=ll pebbles, or other mineral bodies of suitable size and desired charaeter and color. These are.now pressed into th(, block or brick to embed them therein, b,y any convenient means, as for example a 80 pluiige r or presser-plate 36, actuated by ani, suitabl e means rlot Shown.. In this wa surfaces of a -reat voriety of kinds ang tektures can be obtained, repr,oducing 6r cl , osely If It 85 simulat ing naturgl unpolished stone. facing layer 35 is also used it may be ricli in cement so as to afford secure anchorqge for the en@bedded particles, i@nd may be colored to harmoiiize or contmst therewith as may be desirable@. Aliother way of twconi- go plishin g the same cr a sinlilar result is to n-iix the pebbles, cruslu@d stone, oi oth6r particles with the material' with -,vhic-h the brick: or block, or other product is to be faced. In such case the rock particles ex- 9,, posed at the, surface of the facing la,yer are apt to b6.i:@@ated, more or less, with a, film of cemeiit, but such film cari be, easily r(-,mcved by a quick washing with a fine sl)ray of water, or, if the Platerial has set or harloo dened, with weak hydrochloric aeid, leavinq the exposed faces pf particles clean an bright, like the surf ace of freshly I)roken !stone, pebbles or,pallet. Still another way of giving a fiiiish to the lo5 facing layer i-s to wipe or beat the surface with a brush of suitable stiffness. Wipi,,g, or dr-,wing the brush over the plastic sur@ gives ,i graii, f ace, iing effe(,t, straight or Nvttvy, and. beating or p6unding with the 110 brush gia@es a rotigh texture resembling sandstone or other desired'face-textures or finisl-ies. If a smooth, polished, or glazed effect is desired a pallet having a polished stirfa @Ce Is 115 used, for example a pallet made of, or provided with a layer or plate of, glass, celluloid, polislied metal, or other suitable material, wuich imparts a corresponding surface to the facing layer formed tliere0n. 120 This is particularly desirable where the facing is composed of white cement and contoins fine white sand or crushed white marblo. As before stated, the material of the fa,-,- 125 ing layer or layers may be of widely varying character or coiisistency or both, depending lar-aely upon the purpose for which the t bri@ks, or other produe s, are to be used. For exarnple, the facinlrmay be of the same 130
