claim: 1. A gun comprising a breech closure having a loc,l,,iiig portioii rotatable relativel to the remainin(y portion into and oiit of locking positioii, t sprin- for rotatina said lock40 ing portioii idto locked position, a catch for boldi ii(T said locking portion in unlocked Po.-Sitioii, and iiieans aiitomatically to trip said catch ii-i the latter sta-e of the closing moveii-lent of the closure. t@ 46 2. In a giin of th,e class desci-ibed a combined firing pin and ejector comprisin- a firiilg member and a sleeve tberefor, the sleeve adapted to press the firing inetnber forward to fire a cartridge when the breech is closed and the rear end of the firing mem- 50 ber adapted to be pressed forward to cause the firing member to eject the cartridge during the opening movement of 'the breech. 3. In a gun of the class described a coinbined firin- pin and ejector comprising a 55 firii-ig member and a sleeve therefor, the sleeve adapted to press the firing member foriiard t6 fire a cartridge when the breech is closed and the rear end of the firing member aldapted to be pressed forward by con- So tact with a fixed portion of the receiver to cause the firing member to eject a cartn'dge durin he opening movement of the breecli. 4. X tgun comprising a barrel and a breech Closure therefor, said breech closure bein 65 adapted to be rotated in unlocking from saig barrel, a torsion sprin- tending to maintain said block locked a@d adapted tb store ene 'g in the unlocking moveiiient, said stored ener(ry being adapted to rotate the 70 block in the locking movement and a locking lug adapted to retain said breech closure in its rot.ated position while open, and to release it upon closing.. 5. A gun comprising a barrel and a 75 breech closure therefor having . an axial opening therethrough, a combined firing member and ejector therein comprising @ring pin, a sleeve therefor, said sleeve having a shoul,der adapted to be engaged by a so sear, the firing pin having a shoulder en-@ gaged by the Lorward end of said sleeve, a tripping sleeve surrounding said first mentioned, sleeve, -a firin ring retained beLr SP tween the shoulder O'n the first mentioned 85 sleeve and the tripping sleeve, and means adapt@d to move said tripping sleeve forward whereby said sear is nioved out of engagement with -said shoulder and the firing pin is moved fbrward by said fii-ing spring. go Signed by me at Cf@veland, Ohio, this 28th day of February 1920. LESLIEI D. FISHER.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. LESLIE D. FISHER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO A-UTOORDNANCE COP@FORAI , OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORIPORATION OF NEW YORK. TION ORDNANCE. 1,359,045. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 16, 1920. Application filed March 27,1920. Serial No. 369,325. To all whoniit ?nay conce7,n.- Be it known thai I, LESLIE. D. Fi,-HER, a citizen of the United St,,ites of America, and resident of Cleveland, in the co-Linty of Cuyalioga and State of Ohio, have invented ne w and useful Improvements in Ordnance, of ivhich the following is a specification. This invention rel,@ites to improved alitomatic ordnince of the type wherein tlie I 0 poivder pressure in the cliamber is utilized to provide the po-,ver reqliired for the operation of the breech closure, and more particul,Lrly to iri-ipro-,,ed breech lockin(y aiid opei,ating meaiis and improved firing and 15 ejecting mechanism adapted for use with ordnance of the character described. 'the invention utilizes for its operation only that component of the pressure developed in the powder chamber whicli is di20 rected rearwardly against th@ base of the cartridge. This pressure causes the e,,trtridcre case tc, thrust ag,,tinst the breech cloe 1 0 sur ind 'n turn caiises that member t be unlocked and opened. This method of op2'r) erati.on greatly simplifies the coiistruction of an automatic or semi-automatic piece of ordnance sirice it very considerably reduces the numl);er of parts. No separate'channels and pistons to be operated by the -as of so discharge are necessary nor ar(, any s@'Called inei,tia members -with their usual shock and jar. It is an object of my inveiition to provide aii improved piece of ordnance adapted 35 to be operated by power supl:)Iied by the explosii,e pressure of the propelling charge and to provide ,L breech closure adapted to be directly unlocked ,incl opened by said pressure and to be closed and locked b- Y 40 power accumulated in springs or eqtii-v,alent elastic mearis during the Linlocking and opening mo-,,ement. It is ,in object to pro.vide stich a mechanism ivhich comprises but few and simple parts, ,tnd -wlhich is certain 45 and I)ositiN,e in its operation. It is also an object to proi-ide a new and improved firing ii@eeli,,tnism ind a simplified c()mbined firin(i pir.@ ,ind ejector in connection ivith such ordnance. Other and ftirther objects ivill -tp5o pear as the description proceeds. I have shoivn a specific embodiment of mv invention as - tpplied to a @iece of ordiiance of small clqlil)er a(laptecl for iise witli fixed ammunition haa,ing a projectile of al)- proximately two pounds in weight, this size 55 of gun being @enerall knoivn as a "Two 'Y p@u nder." I ave illustrated in collilection wlth my invention a form of mao,@zine and mag azine oletuating device whic-h may be later covered by a divisional application. 60 Th is specific form of iny deviee 'Is sliown for piirposes of illitstration only and my - ini,e ntion may obviously be iised in connection - ,v ' ith ordnance of any caliber. Also 'I suitable form of magazine or ammuni- 65 iiloy n feeding device may be iised tliei-ewitli with out in any w,,ty modifying the utility or operati6n of my inverition. I n the accompanyinc), dra-wipgs, F igure 1 is a general View of the breech 7 0 asse mbly, the fixed shield and receiver beini in section; @ig. 2 is a side view of the breech portion of Fig. 1, the barrel also being in section; F ig. 3 is a vliew similar to Fig. 2, ivith 7 5 the outer lockiiig rpember of the breech block also in cross section; F ig. 4 is t plan view, partly in section, slioll in the breech ind magazine assemblies n'd g a the firing mechanism, the breech being 8 0 ol)en,, Fi@. 5 is a i,iew similar to Fig. 4, save that the breecli is closed and is shown in section; Fig. 6 is a detail view of a portion of tl -ie firiiig mechanism; 85 Fi-,,. 7 is a side v,iew.partly in section Sho-%8,7ing the breech partly closed; Fi(r. 8 is an enlarged detail vieN-,, in section of the breech and firing and ejectin(y meelianism; . 090 Fig. 9 is a, view taken on line 9-9 of Fig. 4 Fio- is a view taken on line 10-10 1 0 of Fig. 5; Fi-. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 9 s@,tye 95 t' that liere the, gun has alrnost completed the coiinter recoil movement. Fi-. 12 is a view of the breech block partly in sectionslioivin(r the retaining lug; Fig. 13 is a detail Vleiv of the breecti loo blo@l@c retaininlug; and Fic,. 14 is a broken -Lway pltn view showinT the manuil operation slot. n the embodinient ,;Iioi-,,n the giiii cornprises the b,,ti-rel 15, recoil yoke i6, recoil lo5 cylinder 117, recoil pistoii i-ocl l,@ seclired bv the nut 19, recoil sli(le 20 ,And the fixerl "iii(le and sliield rneiiil)ei- 21 all of ivhl(@ll lire of

1, .359,045 the ii.,,iial coilstructioii ,tn(I form no pirt of tlle1)1.e,,,ent iiivention. The outer portioii of the I)i-eecli of the auii is tlii-e,,tded and lias tliel-eto the receiver 22 wliieh lias tl)e (,Iosiii-c iiieml)ei@ 23 at its retr end. The i.e(-oll i-ods 24 ,ire screwed into the i-eir face of the I)i-eecli aiid li,,Lve their @)tli(,i, eii(-Is seite(I it 2@'), I'n the i-ear closure 23. Stii-i-otiii(ling these rods 24 are lo (lie I)i-K@cli i-ecoil -,pi@iii@,-s @6. ('Xtiiclecl by the i-o(ts 24 is the I)i-ceeli I)Iock cirrier 27 havthe stil)l)oi@tlii,,, I)iiitle 2S secured tllereto. li@1,Cllle c:ii-i-iel- 27 is i,)i-ovide(I witli the for-' -%i-,Ii-(Ily exten(Iiii(,r ltt(,,s .29 ivlllcli extelid into 15 @,ezits 30 in the i-eai, of the breecli portion of the I)arrel, thereby ttkiii,,, tip aiiy tliiiist t(,ll(lill4,r to rottte tlle cai-riel- %viien in t-lie close(i 1)(Sitioii. The re-,tl- clostire menibei2'1 liis tile 11(lcoll I)ttffei- 31 locat-ed centi-ally 20 tl)ei-eof iiii(I siil)l)orted by the buffer sprin(r LI i@2 is liel(I in place by the closure plii.g 'I'ejit The recoil btiffer is faced ivit-h a re iiiatei,'al 34 liel(I in place by serews si I 1 3.'-). ]'IN-oted at 36 in the lowei@ pol-tion of pii-ined to the rocl betweeii the giii(le Itigs. 25 the receii-er is the carti-id,-,e lifter ti@ay 37 and ,t spring 70 stirroitiidiiig tlle rod an(I 90 -Nviiieli is sliown in Fios. 9 aiid 11 is nol-- be,,ti@iii- at oiie end tipon the coll@ir 69 ,ind 'm LI m,illy lield in the raised position by the at the other tipoii the Iii(r 64. At the forSl)l-ill(,s 38. ivard elid of the i-od 67 aiid fittiii(,- iiito 'I'lie I)reecli block 39 is clrried by the the housin(y 66 is the cylindi-ical meiiiber 71 3o I)ilitle 28 -,tli(I li@is the intei-nal lands 40 iii- wliic-ll carries the pii-ote(I firing etim 72, 9 r, tei-fittiii,, ii-it,ii the external grooves 41 on iioriiially lield perpeiidictilar b the spi,in(y y the I)intte 28. The externll sui-face of the 73, and the cocli-,in(r cam 74, - iioriiially I-leid I)i-ee(,Ii bloelc cai-ries the niutilated threads perpendictilar by the- spi-in,-, -5. Extendoi- 42 -Ni-Iiieli interfit -,,vith similar lu,- s in bei-ond the iiieii-iber 71 is the r6d '16 9 35 43 oil the iliterior of the breech recess. haain(r the featlier 77 adtpted to prevent 100 VI -ks I)est slioivii in Fi-. 8, a spiral torsion rotary inovement of the rod and of the sl)l-ill(r 44 ,iii-rotinds the reai- portion of the iiiember 'Tl.v In Fil-s. 9 10 11 I have shown a forin I)Ititle 28, the i-ear end of the spring beiri(y-,it 45 to the pintle and the front end of iiiacrazine adapted for tise with my im40 of the spi-in,,,-,, being secure(I to the bi-eech prove(I giin. This magazine coliipi-ises 'the lob I)lo(-I@ ,it 46. cai-ti@idge lioldiiig cliaml)er 78 Avliieli is siip@@s slioiyii in l@i(,s. 5 and 8 ,t wear plate ported oi-i the casin(r 21 I)N7 the I)ricket 'i9. ()O is iiisei-ted in the froiit face of the breech The device is shoiv@'n iii l@orizontal section Nyliere that member comes in coiiin Fig. 4. 45 t@t(-t witli the c,,irtridge. This wear plate The bottom of the micrazine is closed by 110 ]),is ii eiretimferential gi-oove iiito whicli the the ti",,Y 80 -wliieh is Iiiiii(@r' at each end iipon ])Ills f)7 I)roject, in order to retain the plate t Pi%-Ot 81, the pivot be'@in,(,r siirrol-inded I)y .t(-r,iin,@t lon(Y-ittidinil movement, biit to pei-- t tor,-,ion sl)riii- 82 tendiii- to retain the t it to i-otite. This 1)1,.tte gre@ttly minitr,,iy iii the closed position. The bottom of ml 60 mizes fri(-tioii tii(I facilitates the openin(,vl the tray carrie-s the cam -iiicle 83. Ex- ils :iii(i (@lo@;ln,,, of tl)e I)i,eech. teii(-Iing froiii the etising 21 is tiie bracket 'I'lie, fii-iii,, iiiec-iiiiil,,m, I)e@,t sbown in 84 carryin@r the caii-i roll 8,5 -,Ida])ted to coF I (rs. 0, @iii(I ('@, coni])i-ise-, a fii,iiig pii-i 4'i opei-ate with the eam -iii(le 83 in openin(r sli(lzil)le iii a 48 wliicb litter i, and clo-,iii(r the magazi@e by rot(ition of th'e b5 foi@iii(@(I witli tlie. .@lioii](ler 49, ivliieh liis a tr,-LI, 80. 120 fit in @in ixial op(@niii(r 50 in the rA i,-s. 12 tn.d 13 show ,t spring pressed lug -i extends from, the innei- si(le of 1)'iitl(@ 2,'@. The front en(I of the firin(,, 1)lrl 8 -0, el 47 ext(,ii(Is I)cvoii(I the fi-oi)t eiicl of t'lie the iiieiiiber 27 ,incl is a(lapte(I to the 48 tnd' 1,.,, resti-aiiied fi-oiii bi@eech block iii the open or iotate(I 1)ositi Oil 60 1)' v the @,boii](leiThe wlille the bi-(-@eeli is open. - The Itig is 125 (,tl(l of tbe, firiii" 1)iii extcii(l,, I)ei@oii(I the pi@e..,,se(I oiitwird I)-\, the spi-iiig ",6 aiid corpai- of the sl(,eve 4S aii(I cai-i-i(,., tl)e (lisk act@, -\vitli oiie of the lo(-Iciii,y- lii-s 42 t)2 iit its (@n(l. Tli(, 5;1 siii-i-oilii(l-, tli(@ slion@-n ill I"lr-. 12. relir t,xt(,nsioll of tll(, fii-ili,, I)ill @ill(I is 11(@](I IV]iil(, the i@, ,Illtoillitit-,Ill\- 6.5 in coxiil)r(@ssi()ii b(,tNv(@eii tli(@ (lisl@ 1-12 ;iitil @t -,tii(i clo@@e(I iftei,i -,ltot. it iii;tn, ],)e 130 washer 54 ivhicli bcai-s i(,ainst the reir enct of the sleeve 48. Siii-roundin- the sleeve 48 is the fii@ing SI)II)rl(l )a Olle eiid I)eai-ing a(,Ytiiist the slioiilctl.'ei- 49 and the other ,t(Y(tiiist the ti-il)l)iiig sleen-e 56 wliieh pil'tly 70 iiieloses it. As slio 'n l@i w n 1 t h e s c a r 5 7 is pi:ovide(I t6 cotet with s.houlder 49. The pin 58 slioavil iii llig. ,-), i-, I)i-ovided to litriit the reil,wai-d iiion,eiiient of the sleen-e 56. The fol-l@c,.d end 59 of the fit-iii(r a(-tiiitor 75 lever 0(.) beii-s a(,,Iinst the rear eiid of the sleeve ,)6, the levei- is pin-oted at 61 iii the illeinbei- 27 and its otitei- eii(I is pi-esse(I rcai-wai-(Il@, I)v the siiiill 62 wliei-el)v the iniier '@n(!' is inaintained illt-'coiitact -,vit6 80 the ,Ieeve The r(@,tr eiid of tli4L@ slet@ve 48 cai-iiies the ol)li(lite Iti@,rs 6" I)tirI)ose will li(@i-eifter I)e (lisetisse(l. Seeiii,e(I to the ri-lit side of the gitai-d rnei)il)er 21 ,ii-e the -ui(le lu s 64 and 65 85 I 9 and the hotisiii(,r 66. 73 as,,iii(r tlii-ou(,Ii these @,niide Itigs is th.e fii-ilig act toi- i-od C)7 - %vhich eal,i,i.es a lian(Ile at 68, ,I collar 69

desii-able to open it iii,,iiiiially to i-eiii ove an linfired c,,irtiidge or -%ilien loaclin(@ the first cartrid(re of ,i series. For th'is pill-pose the slot 87 shoivn iii plin iii Fi(,,. 14 is pro.5 vided. As shown in Fig. @)@ tilis slot extends throiicrh the cising 21, the receiver 22 an(i throti-li the rear of the barrel ineiiil)er 115 openii-ig iiito the bi-eech recess. Opposite the end of the slot thei@e is a cavit3@ 8S lo in the breech block and the breeell block iiia be opeiied by iiisei-tiii(@, a i@od or I)in y- t, throtiali the slot into the etvity 88 and moviiig the pin aE,, giiicled I)y the slot, whicli i5 ]I-iovemei-it -,vill, first rotate aiid then translate the bi-eech block. The receiver remains stationai@y, durin(y this iiioveiiient and the opeiiing 89 noi-malIN7 re-taii-led clos6d by the thumb icl,eiv 89' is pi-ovided in the i-eceiver for the ieiiioval of aii unfii-ed carti-idge. 2o This is iiecessai-y since the opening 90 iii the left.side of the receiver will I)e covered by the iiiagazine uiiless the receivel- is retracte(l. Tlle opeiiiiig 91 is pi-o-t,ided in the i-i-lit side of the receiver to periiiit 25 trlnsiatioii of the actuator lever 60. In the operatioii of my (yun assiimin(Y that a start is made -",itli the chamberempty an(I the breach closed, the breecli block is first moved to the rear in the receiver by 30 means of a pin introduced throiigli the slot si in tlle manner described. A cartrid,,e is noii- pliced on tlle receiver by maniially rotatin(y the tr.,i.y 80. The trav iipon beiiig released is returned to its closed posi35 tion by the springs 82. The breecli block is jioiv released and is carried forivard b y the sprin(,,s 26. The cirtricl_e is liel(I ill s position bv tlle member 3'i as 'II own in Fig. 7 and is carried into the cliamber by the 40 movement of the breech block, the extractor 94fittiiig, on-eitlle flan,,Ye on the I)ase of the cai-trid(re II'lien tlle block lias been @omple'tely tralislat(@d bi, tlle sprint,),s 26, the torsion -,pring 44 ec@mes into lay an@l rop 45 tates the member 39 iipon the pintle 28, wllieh causes the Itigs 42 on the meinl)er 39 to interlock -%Yitli tlle ltigg 43 on tlie. interior of the breecii recess. The intei-fittin(r lands an(I (,,rooves 40 iind 41 I)etiveen the I)intle 50 28 aiid the member 39 are iipoii, the same I)Iteli as the Iii(rs 42 ,in(I 43 so tli,,it the I)intle 28 and part i39 rem@tin in close eii(,agement ivlien the meml)er 39 inon-es for&, -%vard onvin(y to the obliquity of the Iiigs. -55 Wlien the I)reecli i-va,, retrziete(I the cockin(r cim '(4 ii-,ts on(ri(,ed bv the end of tlle member 6() -%Yhi(-Ii tlierel)v catised to 1),,ii-ti,illv rot,,ite aboiit,its axis @)1, the innelen(I 51) mo@iiiwliile moN,iii,(-, i(@@ii,wir(llv and 60 (@n(rafriii(r tli(@ lli,rs (,)"i. movid(, tile firiii- pin -(in(] (,je(,tor reartli(@ @')7 to li'llti.(Il.v ielittv foi slioiil(](@i- 4!) of -tli(@ firiii(-- i)iii ,;I(@eN-e. IV]Ieli tll(@ I)lo(.I@ (,Io,4(,(] tit(, mem65 the 1-4. the I;itt(@i. tilting in a manner similar to that of,tlie firili,@ cam as indicikted in Fi'. 6. t' 9 Th e breech now being close(I tlle vai@ious eleni .ents are positioned as shown in Figs. ,-) tiid 8, and a cartridge is in the cliamber. 70 The liandle 68 is pulled rearwardly, niox,iii(I the rod 67 and member 'il in that direetioii. The otiter end of the firing cam -t2 is in eii(,a gement witli tlle liousin(,, 66 aii(I consequ ently the earn cannot tilt but instead 76 mov es reanvardly tlle outer end of tlle mem ber 60, the inner end of tlle litter member consequently moving forward an(I pressing the sleeve 56 oi,e@ the cani stirface of - the sear 57, tliereby depressin(Y the setr and 80 rele asing the firing pin wliieli is driven forw ardly by the compressed spring -)5, thus firin(, the cartrid e. &, 9 Th e lockin(,- lu'-s 43 in the breech i-ecess are prefei-ably 1)1,tce(I upon what is kno-,vn 86 as the "Blish"' ,in(,,Ie as defiiied in.the patent to Blisli, @o. 1,1,3 '319, Mareli .9, 1915, and the breecli block re'mains immovable iiiltil the pressure iii the bore lias been reduce(I to a predetermined,working pressu.re. This 90 pres sure then forces the Itigs 42.against the lugs 43 and due to their relative obliquity ihe block is rotated against the resist.ance of the springs 26. After the rotation of the bloc k is completecl it is positioned as shown 95 in Fig. 12 relative to the lu(y 85 and as the I)Ioc l@ stai-ts to move reariv@ti@dly the lug 85, wliie h liis been held pressed in its socket by the rear face of the piece, is released and retai ns the block in rotated position a(rainst 100 the torsion of tlle spring 44. The empty sliell is carried back with the block by the extractor 94. The firing pin is aoain cocked by the cam lug 4 as has been heretofore described. Wheii the block 105 reaclies the rear of the receiver the disk 52 bears against the base of the central-cavity of'tlie recoil biiffer 31, the.spring 53 is compressed and the firing pin is pressed out against the base , of the cartri (re iieh 110 ejects the cartrid(re throtigli tlle openin(r 90. Before the sprin,), 53 is ftillv compressed the rear of the member 28 comes to rest against the facinr 34 of . the biiffei-" tl@e, sprin(- 32 I)ein(r sol@ieivliat compre.,@.se(l. 115 The barrel ind recein-er to(,etlier ai-e moied forw,,ir(I I)v the piston 18 of tl)e reeoil cvlin(ler I)efore the sl)rin(Ys 26 act to t%l rettirn the I)ree(-Ii I)lo(,k. Iii tllls movement of the receiver the (@,im roll 8,,-) a(,ts ,igrainst 120 the cam (riii(le 83 to tilt the trav ind tlirow another (@-(irtri(l(re in the receiier, ivhich cartri(](Ye is lifted I)v tlle tr,,iv 37 ,in(I is forced idto the I)reecli as heretofore de'bed. scri 125 lvben the bree(-Ii I)Ioel@ is fiilli@ t i-@inslit(,(l tli(, iq (lepre.,,se(I I i- the f:iee to tlle l@i-ee(.Il I)lo(.]( 1)1.ol)('I- 'I@) 1,@ 1-otite(I ilito lo(.I@ill(r the toi@,@ioii of the .,I)riii(r@44.' 130

7 r-r BE.S@T 1 850,046 The recoil and reloading and return of the piece takes place so rapidly that it is impi-actical for the operator to releise the firlji,- lever before tie piece is ready to fire' agaiii. In the counter recoil the member 60 will pass the firin lug 72 by tilting the latter as shown in r, i'@ 6. The firing handle is thei-i released and the assembly 71 moves foi-wai-d, the firing lug 72 passing the memlo ber 60 by tilting the latter against the spring 62. The piece may now be fired a second tiine by again pulling the firing lever. As shown and des,cribed rny improved gun comprises a connection with a barrel having i6 therein the usual firing chamber, a composite bl-(@ech closure which is reciprocated into and out of position to close the firinchamber. The closure comprises a lockin4 portion rotatable relative to the remain20 ing poi-tion of the closiire the rotation aecomplishiii the lockiiig and unlocking by means of interfitting locking surf aces iipon the locking poi-tion an(I the interior of the bieecli recess. These lockino,, surfaces are 25 preferably forined at stieli angles th,,tt the (-Iosure is lield closed dur-.ng high breech pressure but is automatically unlocked in direct response to the pressure when it has decreased to a relatively loiv and safe work30 ing pressure. A helical connection has been provided bet-%veen the lockin- portion of the breech and the pintle upon the carrier portion, the helix lialting substantially the same obliquity as that of the locking surfaces. 3 5 1